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Incomplete humoral response including neutralizing antibodies in asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients in Japan
The pandemic of COVID-19 is still ongoing, and many studies on serum antibodies have been reported, however, there are few studies about asymptomatic and mild patients. In this study, we enrolled 44 COVID-19 patients with relatively mild disease and 48 pre-pandemic controls. We measured serum antibodies against extracellular domain, S1 domain, and receptor-binding domain of Spike and N protein, examined neutralization titers by authentic virus neutralization assay and newly-developed bead/cell-based Spike-ACE2 inhibition assay, and compared them with clinical features. Most of these antibodies, including neutralizing titers, were mutually correlated, and the production of antibodies were associated with low Ct values of PCR test, disease severity, symptoms especially pneumonia, lymphopenia, and serological test including CRP, LD, D-dimer, and procalcitonin. Notably, 87.5% of asymptomatic and 23.5% of mild patients did not have antibody against SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed the inadequate acquisition of humoral immunity in patients with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients.
Highlights • Antibodies against viral antigens of each isotype are mutually correlated. • Antibodies against Spike antigens were correlated with neutralizing titer. • Low Ct value, pneumonia, and high CRP level were associated with neutralizing titer. • 87.5% of asymptomatic and 23.5% of mild patients did not have any antibody.
- Keio University Hospital Japan
- Keio University Japan
- National Institutes of Health United States
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Japan
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Asymptomatic Neutralization Procalcitonin Immunoglobulin G Serology Immune system medicine biology Immunology Humoral immunity biology.protein Antibody medicine.symptom
Adult, Male, Antibodies, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Japan, Protein Domains, Serological test, Virology, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, Immune response, Disease severity, Asymptomatic Infections, Antibody, Neutralizing assay, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Clinical features, Neutralizing titer, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Asymptomatic, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Female, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Adult, Male, Antibodies, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Japan, Protein Domains, Serological test, Virology, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, Immune response, Disease severity, Asymptomatic Infections, Antibody, Neutralizing assay, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Clinical features, Neutralizing titer, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Asymptomatic, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Female, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Asymptomatic Neutralization Procalcitonin Immunoglobulin G Serology Immune system medicine biology Immunology Humoral immunity biology.protein Antibody medicine.symptom
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).29 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).29 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% Powered byBIP!