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Identificação dos fatores mais preponderantes na adesão da população às medidas de proteção contra a infeção por SARS-CoV-2

Authors: Santos, Ana Rita Alves;

Identificação dos fatores mais preponderantes na adesão da população às medidas de proteção contra a infeção por SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

O propósito deste estudo consiste em avaliar a adesão da população portuguesa às medidas de proteção contra a infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e identificar os canais de comunicação mais utilizados e com maior capacidade de influência junto de cada setor. Os dados necessários à realização do estudo foram recolhidos através de um inquérito online, divulgado através de SMS e email, tendo como alvo a população residente em Portugal, com idade igual ou superior a 16 anos. Foram recolhidos 1445 inquéritos válidos, 28,4% (n=410) dos quais correspondentes a homens com idade média de 41,3±14,1 anos e 71,6% (n=1035) a mulheres com idade média de 38,6±13,0 anos. Os dados obtidos foram posteriormente submetidos a uma análise descritiva e analítica. Determinou-se a importância atribuída às medidas de proteção contra a Covid-19 (11,48±1,06; escala 0-12), o grau de adesão (21,05±2,56; escala 0-24) e a perceção da qualidade da informação transmitida pelas entidades oficiais (27,0±6,46; escala 8-40) e pelo médico assistente (28,96±4,55; escala 7-35) através de escalas de Likert. Foram identificados preditores de elevados níveis de adesão às medidas de proteção, nomeadamente, ser mulher (OR=1,375; CI: [1,072; 1,763]), pertencer a faixas etárias mais elevadas (OR=1,012; CI: [1,003; 1,021]), ter falado com o médico assistente sobre a Covid-19 (OR=1,659; CI: [1,254; 2,196]) e percecionar a informação fornecida pelas entidades oficiais como tendo mais qualidade (OR=1,036; CI: [1,018; 1,054]), sendo todos eles fatores que aumentam a probabilidade de ter elevados níveis de adesão às medidas de proteção. Pelo contrário, reconhecer ser influenciado pelas redes sociais (OR=0,649; CI: [0,489; 0,862]), ter sido infetado por SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0,524; CI: [0,348; 0,788]), achar que os riscos associados à doença estão a ser sobrevalorizados (OR=0,693; CI: [0,492; 0,975]) e não saber se os riscos estão a ser sobrevalorizados (OR=0,593; CI: [0,420; 0,837]) reduzem essa probabilidade. Os noticiários da rádio e televisão e a imprensa escrita são os canais de comunicação com maior frequência de acesso para recolha de informação relacionada com a Covid-19, seguindo-se os amigos e familiares e as redes sociais, assumindo estas maior importância nas faixas etárias mais jovens e nos indivíduos com nível de escolaridade mais baixo, grupos nos quais revelam também maior capacidade de influência.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adherence of the Portuguese population to the protection measures against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 and to identify which media outlets are most used and more likely to influence each sector. The data used in this study was collected through a survey, shared by SMS and email, targeting Portugal’s resident population with ages equal to or greater than 16. A total of 1445 valid surveys were collected, 28,4% (n=410) of which belonged to men (mean age = 41,3±14,1 years) and 71,6% (n=1035) belonged to women (mean age = 38,6±13,0 years). The data obtained was submitted to a descriptive and analytical analysis. The degree of importance assigned to the protection measures against Covid-19 (11,48±1,06 on a 0-12 scale), the level of adherence (21,05±6,46 on a 0-24 scale), the perception of the quality of the information transmitted by the official authorities (27,0±6,46 on a 8-40 scale) and by the attending doctor (28,96±4,55 on a 7-35 scale) were obtained by Likert scales. Predictors of high levels of adherence to the protective measures were identified, namely being a woman (OR=1,375; CI: [1,072; 1,763]), belong to older age groups (OR=1,012; CI: [1,003; 1,021]), have spoken to the attending doctor about Covid-19 (OR=1,659; CI: [1,254; 2,196]) and perceive the information provided by the official authorities as having more quality (OR=1,036; CI: [1,018; 1,054]), being all these factors responsible for the probability of having higher levels of adhesion to the protection measures. On the other hand, acknowledging to be influenced by social media (OR=0,649; CI: [0,489; 0,862]), having been infected by SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0,524; CI: [0,348; 0,788]), thinking the risks associated with the disease are being overvalued (OR=0,693; CI: [0,492; 0,975]) and not knowing if the risks are being overestimated (OR=0,593; CI: [0,420; 0,837]) reduce this probability. The television and radio news, as well as written press are the most used communication channels to obtain information related to Covid-19, following friends/family and social media, playing the last one a major role in younger age groups and in individuals with lower levels of education, groups that reveal greater ability to be influenced.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Canais de Comunicação, :Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina [Domínio/Área Científica], Portugal, Adesão, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina, Preditores, Covid-19, Medidas de Proteção

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
Average
Average
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Corona Virus Disease