• COVID-19

Online communication in our work and private lives has increased significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research has evolved with this trend with many studies adopting online methods. It is therefore timely to assess the use and utility of online focus groups compared to face-to-face focus groups. Traditional Pearl Growing Methodology was used to identify eligible papers. Data were extracted on data collection methods, recruitment and sampling strategies, analytical approaches to comparing data sets, the depth of data produced, participant interactions and the required resources. A total of 26 papers were included in the review. Along with face-to-face focus groups ( n = 26) 16 studies conducted synchronous, eight asynchronous and two both online focus group methods. Most studies ( n = 22) used the same recruitment method for both face-to-face and online focus groups. A variety of approaches to compare data sets were used in studies. Of the studies reporting on depth of data ( n = 19), nine found that face-to-face groups produced the most in-depth data, four online groups and six equivalent data. Participant interaction was reported to be greater during face-to-face groups in 10 studies; three reported online groups produced greater interaction and six equivalent interaction. Detailed resource use comparisons were not presented in any of the studies. This review demonstrates that to date there is not a clear consensus as to whether face-to-face or online focus groups hold specific advantages in terms of the data produced and the resources required. Given these findings it may be appropriate for researchers to consider using online focus groups where time and resources are constrained, or where these are more practicable.

for COVID-19, and establish reasonable predictive indicators through this model to express the virus infection status of the city over a period of time. Finally, predict the development status of the virus in 2021 and provide corresponding suggestions for government use. Firstly, this article studies a variety of mature infectious disease mod- els, and selects and improves the SEIR model that is closest to COVID-19. This article produced an understanding model of the COVID-19 in- fection mechanism. Secondly, the second question requires selecting reasonable indica- tors to evaluate the virus infection in the city. This paper selects the predictive index k, which itself is only related to the virus propagation time, and presents a change subject to the derivative of the logisic func- tion. This paper sets the parameters a, b and c as the parameters of k, and calculates the formula of the citya˛r´s predictive index k based on the specific infection development of the city. With the help of the formula of predictive index k, the citya˛r´s infected persons can be passed over a period of time. The number extrapolates the number of exposed persons to evaluate the level of virus infection in the city. According to the formula of predictive index k, the third question is directly calculated in Excel. The first nine months are the real data, the next three months are the test data, and the next year is the forecast data, and the k value of Guangdong Province is obtained. Image, and then get the forecast data for the second year according to the k value, and get the data image of Hubei Province in the same way. Finally, based on the model, this article gives suggestions for epidem- ic prevention in Guangdong Province.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries. Wearing masks can effectively cut off the virus spreading route since the coronavirus is mainly spreading by respiratory droplets. However, the common surgical masks cannot be reused, resulting in the increasing economic and resource consumption around the world. Herein, we report a superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film, with high-density edges of standing structured graphene nanosheets. The GNEC mask exhibits an excellent hydrophobic ability (water contact angle: 157.9°) and an outstanding filtration efficiency with 100% bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). In addition, the GNEC mask shows the prominent photo-sterilize performance, heating up to 110 °C quickly under the solar illumination. These high performances may facilitate the combat against the COVID-19 outbreaks, while the reusable masks help reducing the economic and resource consumption.Supplementary material (further details of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtering system, deposition of GNEC film, fabrication of GNEC mask, and characterization of the GNEC mask) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-020-3158-1.

In 2020, several Nordic archives and museums sent out ”question lists”, questionnaires, to collect the public’s experiences of the Covid-19 pandemic. The collections resulted in an incomparable collection of contemporary cultural history about the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this thesis is to follow the creation of this collection. The thesis is defined through three research questions: one asking about the initial creation of the collection projects, one about the implementation, and one about what will happen to the resulting collection as an archival material. The study is based on previous research about Nordic contemporary Mass-Observation projects and question lists, as well as health narrative studies and research about Covid-19 experiences. Aspects of the previous research are used to create a theoretical framework, based around the concept of actors in accordance with Giddens structural theory (Johansson 2003:422). The three primary terms that are used in the analysis are dialogue, (immaterial) monument, and post-custodial archives, all retrieved from previous research in the field. The empirical data is collected through semi-participatory observation and documentation of the question lists, as well as interviews with responsible personnel at the institutions. The analysis is divided into three chapters, based on the three research questions. The first chapter thus concerns the initial creation of the collection projects, with regards to the design of the question lists, and the institutions’ thoughts and aims with the projects. The term dialogue is used to analyse the interaction between and within the institutions during this process. The second chapter studies the implementation of the actual project and includes an analysis of the question lists themselves as well as the digital interface through which they are made accessible to the public. Here, too, the term dialogue is used, to analyse how the answers are made in the interaction between the institutions and the public. The third chapter studies the institutions’ plans and hopes for the collected experiences, with regards to future research projects and exhibitions as well as archiving. Here, the term monument is used to illustrate the value and usage of the overall collection. Post-custodial archives are also used to highlight discussions about how digital archival collections should be archived and made accessible. The thesis closes with a final discussion chapter, which expands on the questions about what the purposes of these kinds of collections are, as well as about what role and place archiving should have in the creation and implementation of these kinds of Mass-Observation projects. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival science.

International education has become a dynamic export sector and a key source of income for education providers in New Zealand. Its development in the last twenty years has been characterized by steady growth of student numbers, and yet the economic good news has been tempered by a growing awareness of the acculturative stress and anxiety international students’ experience. This concern is exacerbated by news stories that depict international students as a disadvantaged group, and the profound impact of COVID-19 has highlighted international students’ vulnerability to a global pandemic. In the light of these complex challenges, there is a strengthening case for focused work on theory-to-practice models that support international student acculturation in educational contexts. This article introduces the CI model for intercultural contact as a framework that supports education providers’ engagement with international students. It draws on indigenous perspectives embedded in New Zealand’s bicultural heritage and presents three key concepts underpinned by research findings and practitioner experience: cross-disciplinary inquiry, comprehensible input and collaborative intervention.

How did we let it get to this stage? Abbasi asks.1 The answers are not forthcoming. A brash and, despite its numerous failures, emboldened government finally get the release it needs: attempted herd immunity. Like most “calculated” decisions made by our political elite, the unilateral costs of lives saved versus economic wellbeing falter in the face of reality. Beyond what …

En España, la declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia Covid-19, supuso que entre el 14 de marzo y el 2 de mayo de 2020, 47 millones de habitantes estuvieran confinados y sólo pudieran salir a cubrir necesidades básicas. Ante este hecho es oportuno analizar su impacto sobre la salud, tomando en consideración cómo afectó a la práctica de la actividad física. Se administró un cuestionario ad hoc. Los participantes fueron 1046 personas (hombre 48.57% y mujer 51.43%) y con una edad media de 40 (± DT 13.35 años). Respecto a la práctica de actividad física, destaca una significativa disminución de intensidad y cantidad (p < .001), y una modificación del tipo de actividad física realizada, pasando de deportes cardiovasculares y de aptitud muscular a prácticas de gimnasias suaves y flexibilidad. Aumentó el porcentaje total de personas que no realizaron nada de actividad física. Aun disponiendo de más tiempo libre, las personas en situación de ERTE, disminuyeron significativamente su cantidad de actividad física realizada (p < .001). Estos resultados permiten concluir que el confinamiento supuso una modificación de hábitos de práctica de actividad física, una disminución de los valores recomendados como saludables, lo que conllevó implicaciones sobre la salud y la calidad de vida. Se ofrece información que ayudará a entender estos nuevos comportamientos y que facilitará a los gestores estrategias innovadoras para activar la vuelta a niveles anteriores de actividad física, su incremento y, en definitiva, la reactivación del sector deportivo.  Abstract: In Spain, the declaration of the state of alarm due to the Covid-19 pandemic, meant that between 14th of March and 2nd of May 2020, 47 million inhabitants were confined at home and could only go out to cover basic needs. This unprecedented event has led to a paradigm shift, and it is appropriate to analyze its impact on health, considering how it has affected the practice of physical activity. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. The participants were 1046 people (48.57% male and 51.43% female) and the average age of 40 (± DT 13.35 years). Regarding the practice of physical activity, a significant decrease in intensity and quantity stands out (p < .001), and a modification of the type of physical activity performed, going from cardiovascular sports and muscular fitness to soft gymnastics and flexibility practices. The total percentage of people who did no physical activity at all, increased. In addition, although more free time was available, people in ERTE situation significantly decreased their amount of physical activity performed (p < .001). These results allow us to conclude that confinement has meant a modification of physical activity practice habits and a decrease in the recommended values ​​of healthy healthy, and therefore has had implications on health and quality of life. This information will help to understand these new behaviors in order for managers to implement innovative strategies to reactivate the return to previous levels of physical activity, its increase and, in short, the reactivation of the sports sector.

Abstract The allocation of vaccines and therapeutics for Covid‐19 obviously raises ethical questions, and physicians and ethicists have begun to address them. Writers have identified various criteria that should guide allocation decisions, but the criteria often conflict and need to be balanced against one another. This article proposes a model for thinking about how different considerations that are relevant to the distribution of vaccines and scarce treatments for Covid‐19 could be integrated into an allocation procedure. The model employs the construct of a weighted lottery, which is a construct that has been employed in other contexts that involve the distribution of scarce resources. The article highlights the advantages of applying a weighted lottery to the Covid‐19 context and offers an illustration for how it might work in practice. The primary aim of the article is to articulate the structural features of a weighted lottery for this context and to bring out its advantages over other methods for allocating Covid‐19 medications.

L’implémentation de tests non rédactionnels entraîne de nouveaux usages dans l’évaluation des connaissances des étudiants. Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’évolution des tests non-rédactionnels et à l’impact du niveau de maitrise des enseignants sur Moodle dans le choix du format et du niveau de complexité des questions. Il ressort de notre étude que les formats de questions plus traditionnels restent les plus utilisés dans les évaluations formatives à distance. Cependant, la question cloze, plus récente et plus complexe dans sa mise en œuvre, a été fortement employée dans les évaluations de fin d’année afin d’obtenir un système de notation homogène entre les différentes disciplines. L’étude montre également que le choix des formats de questions employés dans les tests non rédactionnels est lié à d’autres facteurs que l’objectif pédagogique à atteindre.

RATIONALE: Clinical placement is an important component of any undergraduate nuclear medicine program. For first year students, it is an introduction to clinical nuclear medicine which helps them better understand the profession as well as consolidate their learning to date. At The University of Newcastle, Australia part of the clinical placement course includes radiopharmacy laboratory sessions in a simulated environment to develop necessary skills and confidence. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, restrictions were put in place that meant that clinical placements for first year students were cancelled and time in the radiopharmacy laboratory was reduced from two hours to one hour per session. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a clinical alternative portfolio in lieu of clinical placement was effective in increasing the students' knowledge and skills in nuclear medicine practice and if specifically developed instructional videos for preparation of the radiopharmacy laboratories compensated for the reduced time. METHODS: A paper-based survey was given to the 50 students enrolled in the first-year professional practice course. This survey containing 56 questions consisted of both open questions and closed Likert-scale questions about the changes to the radiopharmacy laboratories and the clinical alternative portfolio in two separate sections. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the resulting data. RESULTS: There was a 94% response rate to the survey. The majority of students watched the preparatory radiopharmacy videos at least once and strongly agreeing that each video adequately prepared them for the associated lab session. Just over half (51%) of the students though the reduced time in the lab was sufficient to complete the required tasks. The majority of students agreed that the modules included in the clinical alternative portfolio increased their knowledge of nuclear medicine practice. CONCLUSION: In spite of the restrictions put in place due to Covid-19, the learning outcomes of the first-year nuclear medicine professional practice course were met. The preparatory videos for the radiopharmacy laboratories and the clinical alternative portfolio was positively received and gave the students a good introduction to clinical nuclear medicine.