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The US-CDC implemented V-Safe to monitor COVID-19 vaccines, and the EMA-funded vACcine COVID-19 monitoring readinESS ACCESS project created template protocols for cohort event monitoring which were made publicly available in February 2021. In Europe the ACCESS protocols were implemented in the Early Covid Vaccine Monitor (ECVM) study which included first vaccinated persons, this study was continued and complemented by the COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor cohort event monitoring study (CVM), which focused on special populations and booster vaccinations, and included additional countries. Cohort event monitoring is an active safety surveillance tool that can be used to collect solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination, with two objectives: i) to generate, estimate, describe, and compare incidence rates of patient-reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) of the different COVID-19 vaccines across the participating countries in the general and special populations (pregnant and lactating women, children, and adolescents, immunocompromised, people with history of allergy, and people with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection), and ii) to identify and generate incidence rates and potential predictors of the most frequently reported ADRs related to different COVID-19 vaccines after the first/second dose(s) of the first vaccination cycle as well. The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the activities of the EU PE&PV (Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance) Research Network (led by Utrecht University) with collaboration from the Vaccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe network (VAC4EU). The project has received support from the European Medicines Agency under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2018/23/PE. This report expresses the opinion of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the European Medicines Agency or one of its committees or working parties. The work in this report is based on: EU PAS Register No: WP1: EUPAS42504 WP2: EUPAS39798

In January 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) launched a tender for safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines in the EU. The EU PE & PV and the VAC4EU network received and implemented the tender, which had two objectives, the first was to implement a prospective cohort for safety monitoring in more than 10 countries and the second was signal strengthening. This report is focusing on the second objective. Based on the technical specifications, signal strengthening meant the collection of additional information to further characterise the incidence of the safety concerns in comparison to its expected incidence in non- vaccinated populations or suitable comparator populations. Request of signal strengthening capacity was translated into two objectives: i) to create and assess readiness of electronic healthcare record data sources for rapid evaluation of safety signals by providing an overview of the methods to identify COVID-19 vaccine exposure in data sources, monitoring the number of individuals exposed to any COVID-19 vaccine, and the generation of updated background rates for Adverse Events of Special Interest, and ii) to conduct rapid safety assessment studies using electronic healthcare records and support EMA safety assessments. The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the activities of the EU PE&PV (Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance) Research Network (led by Utrecht University) in collaboration with the Vaccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe network (VAC4EU). Scientific work for this project was coordinated by the University Medical Center Utrecht. The project has received support from the European Medicines Agency under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2018/23/PE. This report expresses the opinion of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the European Medicines Agency or one of its committees or working parties. Work in this report is based on: EU PAS Register No. EUPAS42467

The staff members of the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History (SMNH) continued curation and pro­motion of the SMNH collections. Routine curatorial activities continued to be adversely affected to some extent by the Covid-19 pandemic during the 2020—2021 academic year. Nevertheless, much effort was dedicated to curation of the collections and to compliance with best curatorial practices. The staff continued to collect and preserve new scientific material, rescue and incorporate im­por­tant private and institutional collections, main­tain the existing holdings, send scientific ma­terial and data nationwide and abroad, and as­sist gra­duate students, academic courses and edu­cational activities. During the 2020—2021 academic year, the Museum staff added over 19,000 new specimens of various ta­xo­no­mic groups through collecting by the Museum's curators and researchers, students and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, or through donation from private collectors. Almost 30,000 new records were added to the Museum database.

SECTION 1: PLANNED FAKE EPIDEMICS, RIOTS, AND PLANNED SIMULATED CLIMATE CRISES: CONSPIRACIES TO DISTRACT THE PUBLIC: ATROCITIES ARE DONE BY THE ENEMIES OF HUMANKIND: They started a planned fake epidemic drama called coronavirus three years ago. Whenever elections came up, they reduced the play of the coronavirus fake pandemic a bit. In the name of covid vaccine, they started slaughtering innocent people by injecting a chemical injection containing toxic metals made before the onset of the pandemic. Still, innocent civilians worldwide have been dying of heart disease, cancer, brain tumours, bleeding, and inconceivable side effects. Currently, politicians are enacting the law to protect the pharmaceutical companies that are doing mass genocide and creating the law against the citizens of the country who have been speaking the truth against the government and politicians who have been mass murdering innocent human beings by creating the fake pandemics and by injecting the toxic injections in the name of prevention and cure and vaccine. They are all mass murdering innocent public people by creating fake pandemics. They all knowingly and willfully violate Humankind's Nature, human rights, science, and peace. Politicians, elite, rich people like Bill Gates, pharmaceutical companies, the mainstream media, tech companies, and other inhuman persons without the slightest conscience are committing genocide in the name of this fake coronavirus pandemic and climate change. Kindly read below and share this document to the human beings worldwide. Declaration: The names mentioned in this document are only for knowledge sharing. This document is documented for the goodness of humankind and not to hurt any for any reason or intention. This document is open-access and open-source. This document is not for any commercial purpose. Anyone can use this document to teach the truth. Oath/Affirmation: I solemnly, sincerely, truly, and honestly declare and affirm the evidence or proof in this document. I shall give the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Promise: I promise before Almighty Nature that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Rakhesh Jaghadish L | August 14, 2023 This document has no conflict of interest and is documented for Humankind, Humanity, Truth, Science, and Nature. Promise there is no any conflict of interest. This document is only for knowledge sharing purpose and not for any commercial purpose.

Rationale and Background Pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 reported an increased risk of maternal, pregnancy and neonatal adverse outcome. Since the beginning of the pandemic, numerous pregnant women were exposed to SARS-CoV-2. This is not without consequences as maternal immune activation impact the fetal immune response and influence the development of the fetal brain. There is an urgent need to evaluate the association between SARS-CoV-2 in utero exposure and the development of children. Research question and objective The aim was to describe the neurodevelopment of infants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in-utero using the ASQ-3 questionnaire until 24 months of life. Methods Study design - Pregnant women were initially enrolled prospectively during pregnancy using the multicentric international COVI-PREG registry. Patients who delivered a live born infant were sent a neurodevelopment questionnaire at 6/8 12/14 and 24/27 months that they self-answered. Every data were collected through an online secure database Setting Pregnant patients recruited in the COVI-PREG registry were called at 6/8, 12/24, and 24/27 months after birth and asked if they want to participate to this follow up study. Recruitment occurred from September 2021 to May 2022. Subjects - Pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their pregnancy and delivered a live born infant at 24 weeks of gestation (wk) or more were eligible for inclusion. Patients with a condition known to be a major bias for neurodevelopmental anomaly were excluded (e.g., Down syndrome, congenital cytomegalovirus infection with brain lesions at ultrasound scanning. Variables and data sources - The outcome of interest was the ASQ-3 scores in the 5 filled assessed by the questionnaire. Co-variates included demographics’ characteristics, obstetrical history, medical history, course of maternal COVI-19, course of pregnancy, maternal COVID-19 medicine use and neonatal characteristics at birth. Results The study included 30 pregnant patients and their infants in the study. The number of infants assessed at 6, 8, 12, 14 and 24 months were 1, 15, 2, 9, and 3 respectively. Regardless of the period of assessment, neurodevelopment was categorized as low in 10 infants including 6 (20%; 95%CI [8-39]) patients in gross motor, 1 (3%; 95%CI [0-17]) in fine motor and 5 (17%; 95%CI [6-35]) in personal social. Out of 10, 2 were born extremely preterm and 8 at term (37 to 41 weeks of gestation). Conclusion We did not report any signals of substantial neurodevelopmental delay in the children born from mothers tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. No firm conclusions can be drawn at present regarding more moderate levels of delay as the number of cases included was too small. Funding: The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the activities of the EU PE&PV (Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance) Research Network which is a public academic partnership coordinated by the Utrecht University, The Netherlands. The project has received support from the European Medicines Agency under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2018/28/PE. The content of this paper expresses the opinion of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the European Medicines Agency or one of its committees or working parties.

Planned fake epidemics, riots, and planned simulated climate crises: conspiracies to distract the public: atrocities committed by the enemies of Humankind: They started a planned fake epidemic drama called coronavirus three years ago. Whenever elections came up, they reduced the play of the coronavirus fake pandemic a bit. In the name of covid vaccine, they started slaughtering innocent people by injecting a chemical injection containing toxic metals made before the onset of the pandemic. Still, innocent civilians worldwide die of heart disease, cancer, brain tumour, bleeding, and inconceivable side effects. Politicians without the slightest conscience, elite, rich people like Bill Gates, pharmaceutical companies, the mainstream media, tech companies and other inhuman people are committing genocide in the name of this fake coronavirus pandemic and climate change. On May 3, 2023, they started communal riots in Manipur. Then on May 4, 2023, two women were half-groomed and raped in broad daylight by several men. A case was then registered after May 17. But no action has been taken for about 78 days. Then on July 19, 2023, a video of the two women being semi-raped was circulated on social media to divert the public's attention. The ongoing coronavirus-like events, wars, and riots are all fake conspiracies against humanity. The reason is that those who created this coronavirus pandemic dislike stopping the Manipur riots. The reason is that they want to keep the public in tension all the time. The world is deceiving innocent people to impose digital money and digital identity slavery on their agenda in the name of the climate crisis. Many innocent children, women, and men worldwide are murdered by this fake coronavirus pandemic conspiracy and the toxic injections administered as a covid vaccine. But without fighting this, you are worried about the planned fake riots and some fake wars in Manipur. Millions of innocent children are trafficked around the world every day, every year, and some politicians, celebrities, and rich human beings abuse those innocent children. But no one fought against this. But you are worried about the fake advertisements and news circulated by the mainstream media, constantly keeping you in the illusion and continuously waging a psychological war on you. Politicians and governments are not the protectors of the people. They are all slaves of wealthy elites, secret societies, corporates, pharmaceutical companies, and enemies of Humankind. No matter which platform politicians climb up, they say, "We did this, we did it, we built houses for crores of rupees, we made roads for crores of rupees. We built a hospital for the people." Is it their own money or their party's money? No, not at all. It's people's money. They say we will get vaccinated free of cost, and we will get vaccinated free of charge. Many people have lost their lives because of their free vaccine, which psychologically harasses people and kills lives. Many more people are dying in many countries. Ordinary people do not ask you for free death. Many people on this Earth ask you to let them live in peace. The mainstream media of politicians and wealthy elites show chess and marathon games at a 360-degree angle. In contrast, the fake drugs of politicians and wealthy elites are not demonstrated at a 360-degree angle. The media does not show fake medicine in favour of pharmaceutical companies at a 360-degree angle or planned battles at a 360-degree angle. They don't show from a degree angle that innocent people are being slaughtered, not even from a one-degree angle that innocent human beings are being killed by vaccination. The main media outlets created this fake coronavirus image to mass murder human beings worldwide. The mainstream media outlets pushed the toxic injections to mass murder the human being worldwide. Politicians are making statues of late politicians from people's tax money for billions of rupees. But no condolences have been reported, and no compensation has been paid to those who have lost their lives due to this fake and deadly coronavirus outbreak. But politicians are making statues of a single politician with people's tax money. Are idols important, or are food important for humans to survive? All over the world, politicians from many countries are enacting unscrupulous laws against farmers in the Interest of the rich. But here, some people are shedding tears over the deaths of film personalities. The media and politicians, and the wealthy elites created a fake pandemic. They stole crores of rupees in the name of the pandemic and the coronavirus vaccines that have been killing innocent humans worldwide. Some people or judges working in the court for the politicians don't worry about Humankind; they mindlessly close their eyes and think that something is happening somewhere; why do we need to care? Without the slightest conscience, they have not voluntarily taken any action against the ongoing genocide. The reason is that they are also slaves to the same people. The court, which has not given voice to the lives dying due to vaccination, is giving voice to the sexual violence and fake protest in Manipur. They are concerned about the riots created to mislead the people. Politicians, governments, United Nations, pharmaceutical companies and many others have collaborated to create this planned coronavirus pandemic and collect funds from the people to vaccinate innocent people. They are using coronavirus COVID-19 injections that contain poisonous metals prepared in advance and deceiving them in the name of vaccination. They are all murdering many innocent children, women and men. These heinous deeds of theirs show how despicable they are. Politicians or any person who created this pandemic and committed genocide of innocent people should not even consider them as human beings. Those who kill innocent people or are complicit in their slaughter should not even be regarded as human beings. All of them are inhuman animals. They are doing politics with death, religion, and colour by creating communal riots and division. What they are doing is not politics, but what they are doing is betrayal and intrigue. Politicians, the media, organizations like the United Nations and the World Health Organization, and corporations indulging in false climate change propaganda are justifying the genocide they are committing. They blame nature. Their bogus climate change campaign, pre-planned fake coronavirus pandemic campaign, and the life-threatening poisonous injections are being tricked into people's bodies by claiming it is a vaccine. The propaganda to inject toxic metals is also against the natural life of humanity. Not only have they created this pandemic, they are using it as a tool to cause death to innocent human beings (the public) and thereby profit from this pandemic—inhuman beings who have been provoked. Forests are being systematically set on fire to create fake climate change. The mainstream media makes a phoney image of this as a climate change crisis. In the name of climate change, crores of rupees are being hounded by inhuman people creating a fake epidemic and implementing digital enslavement in the name of the digital I.D. to enslave humanity. They use an atomic bomb beneath the ocean to artificially create earthquakes and drill underwater. This coronavirus was pre-planned against humanity, science, and nature. This fake coronavirus was not designed to target a particular religion or ethnic group. It is inhuman to suppress people who have died due to covid-19 vaccine, human lives, within a religion. Every life that appears on this Earth is beyond the superstitious religion embodied by some human beings. Every life that appears on this Earth is beyond the superstitious belief represented by some human being. Below are some pieces of information that show daily, many innocent children are mass murdered by toxic drugs and toxic injections: Polio, Pentavalent, Rotavirus, F.I.P.V and B.C.On July 21, 2023,a 2-month-old baby boy died in Subarnapur, Odisha, after several vaccinations. On July 24, 2023, in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh,a newborn died after receiving the vaccine; for newborns, B.C.G., oral polio and hepatitis B vaccines are given at birth. Polio, rotavirus, pentavalent and F.I.P.A 2-month-old baby died on July 25, 2023, due to vaccines. Measles, Rubella, J.E., B.C.On July27, 2023, an11-month-old girl died in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, due to v-vaccination. On July28, 2023,11 hours after being administered the pentavalent vaccine,a 4-month-old baby boy died in Prayagraj,Uttar Pradesh. Many such children are being murdered all over the world. Many such innocent children are being murdered by the machinations and inhumane acts of pharmaceutical companies, politicians,theUnited Nations, the World Health Organization, wealthy elites like Rockefeller, Bill Gates, etc. Such ruthless individuals and many organizations have been creating for centuries a false image and impression that humans can survive only if they are vaccinated. But this is not true. We are all naturally born creatures, human beings, but pharmaceutical companies are for their own selfish and profit-oriented purposes to vaccinate heavy toxic metals, toxic chemicals, microbes, microorganisms, microorganisms, and poisonous substances that cause death, the solution, And in the name of medicine, they have been indirectly injecting into the human body and slaughtering Humankind for centuries. Our forefathers said that natural food is medicine; Modern-day inhuman beings say that chemicalized medicine is food. They are creating a situation where chemical medicine is food. They have been destroying humanity by making toxic drugs for cure and prevention. In 1914, the wealthy elites, politicians, governments, and others allied to form World War I. Before the start of the World War, human trials were conducted and injected disease-causing bacteria in the name of vaccination for soldiers who were the scapegoats. Then they started the war and massacred the soldiers and the people. Then, in the meantime, they created a fake epidemic called the "great influenza" or "Spanish flu" and artificially injected a toxic drug called Formaldehyde and artificially caused pulmonary ulcers and massacred innocent humans. They also sold the formaldehyde tablet made of Formaldehyde which caused problems like a sore throat. But, before the onset of the 1918 "The Great Influenza" pre-planned fake pandemic, they advertised the Formamint tablet made of Formaldehyde as a remedy for sore throat. In 1918, people worldwide died of toxic Formamint drugs and did not die from the infection because the pandemic was a scam like the current coronavirus pandemic. After creating afake influenza epidemic, they gave people worldwide toxic drugs such as formalin tablets and aspirin and mass murdered innocent people in a simulated influenza outbreak. They did. One more fact is that during this period, they had no equipment or tool to detect infectious diseases. There are no laboratory tests or tools to isolate and classify. But they created a false, fake, unnatural, and unscientific protocol andspread it among the people through the media, deceived and sold toxic drugs worldwide. Many children and women were killed in that pre-planned "The Great Influenza." What human beings need to understand is that we naturally have immunity. Immunity is a shield provided by nature to the organisms born on this Earth. But they have been creating many fake epidemics and destroying humans' natural immune systems by claiming that artificial toxic chemical injection is a vaccine for centuries. They are changing the natural way of life of human beings. As human beings, we have changed our natural environment and are moving away from the path of nature. Pharmaceutical companies are creating many fake papers to sell their lucrative toxic injections claiming to be vaccines. I'm not blaming the whole medicine. Medicine is saving the lives of human beings. But nature has more healing power. Modern medication and surgeries provide vision to those who do not have eyesight. At the same time, in the name of medicine, they are damaging the root of Humankind. In the name of vaccination, they are injecting toxic injections into the bodies of innocent people and committing medical genocide. All the papers published promoting the coronavirus and covid-19 vaccine are full of fraud. English medicine, or Modern Medicine, is about 111 years old. This medicine has performed many miracles for human beings and has saved many lives by providing first aid to people struggling. But the origins of this modern medicine are structured by the machinations of rich people like Rockefeller. The rich have been controlling modern medicine for their benefit, not humanity. They don't want to make a cure for diseases, but they want to cause diseases to people through toxic drugs for the sake of their well-being and profit. They are spreading many lies through the media to create a false image or a myth of a disease that does not exist, claiming that there is a disease that does not exist. Why do they have so much hatred for Humankind? Are they going to destroy Humankind and live more than 10,000 years? The innocent people and children who have not sinned are slaughtered in this world of perpetually. On life's journey on this Earth, some groups of inhuman impose many agendas and ruthless killings to control fellow humans and enslave them. Politicians, governments, non-governmental organizations, pharmaceutical companies,and wealthy elites are constantly creating many fake epidemics and artificial destruction to keep ordinary people sick by leaving the life of nature. They can make peace on this Earth if they think so. But their selfish intentions, for the sake of money and power rather than the lives of others, continue to create many diseases and cause deaths. In 1939, they provoked World War II.Without any hard proof, I can't say whether six million Jews died in it. But I can establish that many innocent people were murdered on both sides. Yes, all wars are a pre-planned conspiracy and wealthy elites and the business of some to enslave Humankind. From 1939 to1945, many innocent people were massacred in wars. In World War II, many physically disabled men were burned alive,and those behind this were politicians, wealthy elites and the media. From the 1950s to the 1960s, in the name of the polio vaccine, they multiplied the microorganism of monkeys and injected it into people in many parts of the world,causing strokes and cancers. In 1981, they created another fake epidemic called HIV/AIDS. They tricked innocent people worldwide into claiming to be a vaccine, a toxic drug called AZT, destroying their natural immune system and killing them without a conscience. *Continuation* Fake epidemics and mass murders, and incurable diseases and deaths caused by vaccination Date: 20/06/2023 "Mankind is slaughtered by inhuman men and by the lies and intrigues of inhuman men." After reading the truth in this document, you may think you want to kill me. Before killing me, close your eyes and think for a few minutes, and ask yourself, "Am I a man or an animal?". Then if your scent does not reach humanity, instead of torturing me, kill me. An innocent cannot bear the inhuman act you are doing. Stop committing the sinful act. -Rakhesh Jaghadish L Now inhuman governments, politicians, the World Health Organization, pharmaceutical companies, the media, and many others have collaborated to create a fake coronavirus-causing image of humanity, the injection made of toxic heavy metals and toxic chemicals in the body of innocent human beings all over the world, claiming it to be a covid-19 vaccine and is psychologically responsible for the use of innocent human beings in the world. They are deceiving, injecting them into their bodies, and carrying out mass genocide. If this coronavirus is a fake pandemic, then how will it spread? This coronavirus is a planned assassination plan against Humankind by the inhuman. Creating a pre-planned fake covid-19 pandemic and deceiving innocent civilians all over the world in the name of vaccination and injecting toxic injections containing toxic metals and chemicals into the body of innocent civilians mercilessly and inhumanly, politicians, governments, pharmaceutical companies, mainstream television news media, United Nations (U.N.), World Economic Forum, World Health Organization, Bill Gates and his "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", Rockefeller Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Pfizer Pharmaceutical Company, AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Company, Serum Institute, Moderna Pharmaceutical Company The company, and many others, while innocent in partnership, are slaughtering people, regardless of age, in violation of human rights in a ruthless violation of human rights, contrary to nature and against science. If this slaughter is not stopped, it will destroy Humankind. They will continue to create fak This document has no any conflict of interest, this document is made for the Humankind, Humanity, Truth, Science, and Nature.

This report synthesizes the conclusions of WP6 in the ADMIGOV project focusing on development interventions and refugees' and other migrants' migration aspirations. The primary questions guiding the research were: Under what conditions are migration decision-making processes influenced by development interventions? To what extent do different migration decision-making factors shape migration decisions? The selected countries for analysis were chosen as large refugee hosting environments (Ethiopia, Lebanon, Turkey), being a core transit country towards the European Union (EU) (Mali) and having regular migration of nationals (Ethiopia and Mali). The consolidated results highlight four key findings. First, there is a wide diversity of access to development interventions across the study countries. Second, migration aspirations are higher among refugee populations in most contexts. Third, COVID-19 is not cited as a major influence in changing migration aspirations, in Turkey refugees stated it postponed their plans but did not change them. Finally, the research shows that the study countries were all facing compounding crisis’ that went beyond COVID-19, stressing the need for further research and understanding of the impacts of the compounding crisis on refugees and other migrants. The final section of the report presents policy recommendations. This report is part of ADMIGOV work package 6, more information https://admigov.eu

This report is part of the ADMIGOV WP6 investigating migration aspirations and development interventions. Through an investigation of the migration aspirations of Syrian and Afghan refugees in Turkey, this research lends insight into the policies that shape refugee livelihood and secondary migration. The research team embraced a mixed-methods approach consisting of online surveys with 966 Afghan and Syrian nationals living in Turkey and 45 semi-structured in-person and online interviews. The data collection began face-to-face in 2020 but shifted online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, online recruitment strategies became critical to data collection, however, this approach does not come without its challenges such as reaching populations where social media/internet is inaccessible or building trust through the online interview process. The COVID-19 pandemic not only had implications for data collection but its further effect on current plans for migration versus ideal aspirations. This study particularly finds that migration aspirations for both Syrian and Afghan refugees are greatly influenced by not only the government policies, but the increasing hostility within their current community, and the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated challenges for refugees in terms of mobility and achieving livelihood. While aspirations among Syrian refugees to move onward remain relatively low, Afghan refugees continue to contemplate further migration to a third country. It is also important to note that aspirations to return for both groups are low. The variation in the legal framework, or development interventions for different groups of asylum seekers also has implications for such aspirations. Nonetheless, both communities continue to be subject to hostilities in the host community and exploitation in the informal labor market. The key focus of this project includes the extent to which assistance improves the situation of refugees and its relationship with migration aspirations. Through this research, we measured the impact of programs such as the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) as well as conditional cash transfers for education (CCTE). The investigation of cash and in-kind assistance for refugees in Turkey in general, particularly of ESSN which supports nearly one-third of Syrians and a quarter of Afghans in our sample, finds that only half of the beneficiaries reported an improvement in their living conditions. These statistics are in line with our findings from interviews that indicate a lower positive response rate from Afghan refugees than Syrians, which further points towards policies structured around the vulnerabilities of Syrian refugees. Our findings do not indicate a causal relationship between the reception of assistance and lower migration aspirations to move on. Other factors to consider also include wealth or current transnational networks in place that may better help explain aspirations to stay or onward migration aspirations. Our findings suggest the potential influence of combining cash assistance/aid schemes and increased work opportunities in the formal labor market may suggest further avenues to improving refugee livelihood and may potentially affect migration aspirations. Furthermore, building awareness and transparency on why some development interventions are constructed the way they are can help tackle hostilities as in the case of Syrian refugees that have been stigmatized for programs directed towards them. Overall, migration aspirations should be understood through a holistic approach, realizing the variation between communities for moving on, staying put, or returning. This report is part of ADMIGOV work package 6, more information https://admigov.eu

This report details the framework, practices and lived experiences of protection for displaced people in Turkey, especially in the urban context of Istanbul but also provides accounts related to smaller provinces and the Evros border area when relevant. In addition to the legal framework of protection, the report adopts a bottom-up approach in the analysis of protection. In that regard, the report considers the multifaceted nature of protection, in which a wide range of actors—holding various webs of relationships and mindsets—operate within certain historical and socio-political contexts. An on-the-ground approach enables us to transcend the abstract, formal and technical principles of protection and to provide a historically and spatially contextualised analysis of practices and discourses around protection. Based on online fieldwork conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak, the report considers continuities and ruptures in the practices of protection as well as gaps in access to protection before and during this period. Amongst the many spheres of interventions in the field of protection, the structure of the report focuses on three key areas: legal protection, healthcare and accommodation. This report is part of ADMIGOV work package4, more information https://admigov.eu