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International audience; Cette contribution a pour objet les pouvoirs publics en action dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19 en Afrique. Les mesures de lutte contre la propagation de la pandémie ont provoqué un choc économique majeur partout dans le monde, avec une crise dont les effets risquent de se faire sentir encore pendant très longtemps. Il s’agit concrètement d’interroger la manière dont différents acteurs étatiques (ou non étatiques) se sont emparés des problèmes liés à la crise sanitaire et à ses conséquences économiques, les ont définis comme publics et la manière dont ils ont agi pour y répondre. En s’inscrivant dans la perspective des travaux sur l’action publique en Afrique, qui envisagent les rapports entre les différents acteurs dans la définition et la mise en place de réponses à des problèmes publics ou collectifs, l’objectif est de mettre en lumière les formes spécifiques d’actions publiques menées dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire au Congo qui, comme dans les autres contextes africains, sont généralement porteuses de dynamiques sociales et politiques originales. Les réponses formulées par les pouvoirs publics aux conséquences économiques et sociales de la crise sanitaire seront analysées, pendant la période de l’état d’urgence sanitaire décrété lors de la première vague de la pandémie de COVID-19, du mois de mars au mois de juillet 2020. Un regard particulier sera également porté sur les réponses apportées à l’économie informelle, dont les travailleurs sont généralement caractérisés par une précarité et une vulnérabilité socioéconomiques très marquées.

La 15e journée doctorale de l’École doctorale d’archéologie de l’université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne (ED 112) avait pour thème l’alimentation et était intitulée : « À table ! De l’approvisionnement au dernier repas. Regards croisés sur l’archéologie de l’alimentation ». Initialement prévue le 27 mai 2020 dans les locaux de l’INHA, il avait été impossible de maintenir cette journée d’étude en raison de la crise sanitaire liée à la Covid-19. Délocalisée dans la sphère du virtuel, elle s’est dé...

International audience

International audience; The world economy is facing an unprecedented health crisis linked to the COVID-19 virus. Despite numerous alerts from WHO during the early stages of the epidemic, public authorities were slow to implement strict health measures and individuals to apply barrier gestures. At the same time, many IPCC reports warn of the consequences of our human activities on the planet (IPCC, https://​report.​ipcc.​ch/​sr15/​pdf/​sr15_​spm_​final.​pdf, 2018), but CO2 emissions continue to increase. For Meyer and Howard Kunreuther (The Ostrich Paradox : Why we underprepare for disaster, 2017), this rather paradoxical behavior is attributable to cognitive biases which push individuals to deny obvious risky situations. However, it should be recognized that the exceptional economic and health measures put in place by governments to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus (Herrero and Thornton, The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(5), e174, 2020) and stimulate economies as many constituents of increasing examples as they are large-scale action is possible, in particular, to fight against global warming. Containment and its consequences on consumption and production patterns have shown us that more sustainable economic development is possible. Although the latter is not based on profound structural changes in world economies (Le Quéré et al., Nature Climate Change, 10(7), 647–653, 2020), it has the merit of asking us about the conditions necessary for more sustainable development.

International audience; We propose a model of dynamic discrete choice between sustainable and unsustainable technologies, and we study the combined impact of Covid-19 and environmental policies such as subsidies and taxes with rebates. The model shows that environmental policies tailored on Covid-19 impact can induce sustainability transitions. However, different scenarios are possible. Covid-19 can have a destabilising effect on repeated choices, as a result of minority game mechanisms induced either by carbon taxes with rebates or by the behavioural effect of diminished attention for the environment. While taxes can be designed to avoid this, the diminished attention for the environment can undermine any gain in terms of reduced pollution due to Covid-19. However, scenarios with multiple equilibria are also present, where the challenge is represented by a behavioural tipping point to un-clock societies from an undesirable equilibrium. If environmental policies are correctly designed, the economic impact of Covid-19 can trigger a transition to sustainable societies where green adoptions are self-reinforcing.

International audience; Since COVID-19, many educational institutions have focused their attention towards remote digital synchronous learning. While this new kind of learning brings some advantages, it also brings new challenges like keeping the students focused and engaged in the courses being given. Through this paper we introduce a learning strategy based on some of the principles of speed-dating, a tool that has been explored in the entrepreneurship world for networking, in order to maintain the students’ focus in the class activities and topics. The proposal was tested in a Process Automation course for Chemical and Biotechnology Engineers, which is usually not one of their preferred ones due to its complexity in relation to other courses. A framework for incorporating the activities in other courses is presented, along with preliminary quantitative and qualitative results to evaluate its efficacy.

International audience; In modern society, citizens aspire to get trusted and reliable digital services toauthenticate theirsto payments. With the COVID-19 crisis, online shopping's fast growthhas led citizens to increase registration in different systems.The registrationis typically done without any guaranteethat the involved businessentityis trustedand that private data is managed adequately, namelyaccording to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). There are cases where online business adopts a federated authentication mechanism based on the existing and extensively adopted service providers, e.g., Facebook, and Google. With the European authorities' complacency, this de facto trendseems to contribute to a dangerous unregulated digital services model. While avoiding the centralization risks, a possible alternativeis to pursue the concept of regulated and competing digital online shops or services offered under a single collaborative model across Europe. Citizens aspire to getsimple mechanisms based on a single provider for authentication and pay anywhere, even with some associated costs. In this direction, wepropose a model thatconsiders regulated providers managing citizens' access to any online business in Europe, avoiding, in this way, the spreading of personal data across (business) organizations, thus decreasing the risk of personal data leaks. A collaborative network is foreseen to logically tie committedregulating authorities, providers, and digital online service providers. The proposedapproach is ground on our previous research on systems integration, collaborative networkinfrastructure, and unified mobility payment services. This position paper offers a digital strategy for citizens, designated by Digital Person Ecosystem (DPE), which relies on Collaborative Networks concepts and centered on public authority leadership.

International audience; The pandemics situationhas brought unforeseen challenges to all organizations at a global scale. While some strongly profit from it, others thrive to survive or already died. In suchtimesthe bulk of leadership and management related skills,gains a disproportional importance especially for organizations where most of their workforce stronglydepends on remote collaboration.Being aware of the difficultiesto manage collaboration within and between teams in “normal times”,the “still”ongoing situation hasonlybroughtmore complexityto organizationsin that aspect. In this work is proposed a model to manage organizational remote collaborative networks in order to identify collaboration extremes(lack of collaboration, or collaborative overload) which emerges as people work together in projects or operations,developed based in three pillars (collaborative networks, social network analysis, and business intelligence). A real case study is presented toillustrate the functioning principles of the model.

At the end of 2020 the first vaccines against Covid-19 were approved, with many more in the development pipeline. Vaccine development seemed to reflect political rivalries reminiscent of the Cold War. World War I had stimulated intensive efforts to develop vaccines against typhus and typhoid which would save the lives of soldiers fighting in insanitary trenches. New scientific possibilities and active promotion of vaccination by the Federal government drew American pharmaceutical companies back into vaccine production. Historians have suggested that the concept of global health was crafted partly in response to struggles for authority among international organizations. The transformation in the vaccine system that began in the 1980s was a consequence of two distinguishable, though interrelated, processes. The chapter also presents an overview on the key concepts discussed in this book.

International audience