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Resumen: La actual pandemia de la COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto los riesgos a los que se enfrentan las personas en la sociedad globalizada. Esta crisis sanitaria pone de relieve, además, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan los trabajadores a causa de la realización de un trabajo o prestación de un servicio. En este artículo se abordan las transformaciones económicas y políticas de la globalización, a partir de la global supply chain y el surgimiento de autoridades privadas, y sus consecuencias para el mercado de trabajo. A partir de ahí, se analiza la protección penal de la seguridad del trabajo en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, partiendo de un bien jurídico que se derive del concepto de trabajo decente y que sirva de barrera frente a la mercantilización del trabajo en la economía globalizada. Se pone especial énfasis en el empleador como responsable por evitar los riesgos que se produzcan con ocasión de la prestación de servicios y cómo esta responsabilidad opera en el contexto de la COVID-19. Abstract: The present COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that people, in the globalized society, have to face up to risks. This public health crisis has also revealed what type of risks workers have to face up to. This paper addresses economic and political transformations of globalization, starting from the global supply chain and the emergence of private authorities. From this point, this paper analyzes the protection of occupational safety in the Peruvian Criminal Code, considering a legal good derived from the concept of decent work that serves as a barrier to commercial exploitation in the globalized market. It emphasizes the employer as liable for avoiding risks produced from labor relations and how this liability works in the context of the COVID-19. Resumo: A atual pandemia do COVID-19 destacou os riscos que as pessoas enfrentam na sociedade globalizada. Essa crise de saúde também destaca os riscos que os trabalhadores enfrentam devido ao desempenho de um emprego ou à prestação de um serviço. Este artigo aborda as transformações econômicas e políticas da globalização, começando com a cadeia de suprimentos global e o surgimento de autoridades privadas, e suas consequências para o mercado de trabalho. A partir daí, é analisada a proteção penal da segurança do trabalho no sistema jurídico peruano, partindo de um bem jurídico que deriva do conceito de trabalho decente e que serve como uma barreira contra a mercantilização do trabalho no mercado globalizado. Ênfase especial é dada ao empregador como a pessoa responsável por evitar os riscos que podem ocorrer ao fornecer serviços e como essa responsabilidade opera no contexto do COVID-19.

Can business play a role in building resilience among vulnerable communities? Can (marketing) employment contribute to resilience – and if so, how? These are increasingly important and relevant questions in our current world as the recent COVID-19 pandemic showed many households to be just one shock away from falling into poverty. Consequently, understanding how resilience, the ability to cope both psychologically and economically with adversity, can be built has become a top priority for many policymakers and practitioners. This paper explores a marketing solution to building resilience. In this paper, we seek to answer the following question: “Can sales employment help people build resilience and enable them to cope with adversity?” We offer a mechanism through which sales improves resilience: by facilitating opportunities to connect. We show that by enabling opportunities to connect with a wide set of individuals, sales employment can build resilience. We differentiate between types of connections and show that different connections can lead to different forms of resilience. We present experimental evidence from a randomized controlled trial involving saleswomen in rural India. With our partner organization, we recruited, trained, and randomly assigned 1,048 women to either treatment, placebo, or control condition. We exogenously assign individuals to an employment position that facilitates opportunities to connect and measure the impact on resilience. In doing so, not only do we vary opportunities to connections, but we also provide a plausible mechanism of why they have more connections than others: certain jobs – in our case sales employment. To the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evidence showing the impact of (changing) connections on resilience when facing adversity. In doing so, we are the first to randomly assign participants to different employment forms and causally estimate the impact of employment on personal outcomes, such as resilience. Our results show that those engaged in sales employment are more resilient than those in placebo employment or no-employment conditions. In fact, we find that sales employment significantly improves one’s ability to be economically resilient when facing adversity by increasing: i) the likelihood of being aware of external sources of help and ii) the ability to take-up external sources of help. Second, our results show that engagement in sales is associated with having a wider set of connections. This effect is largely driven by increased connections with local government representatives and local community leaders. We find a strong association between the width of connections and economic and psychological resilience. Last, we examine heterogeneous effects and find that those from lower caste benefit most from engaging in sales employment in terms of building resilience compared. To the best of our knowledge, no one has looked at the impact of employment on resilience – we show that marketing employment holds the power to improve resilience when facing adversity.

The researchers commenced this study expecting to discover ample evidence of global digitalization – especially attributed to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Yet, the investigation using multiple highly credible indicators of digitalization for a period of 3 years (2018 to 2020), covering pre, during, and post-pandemic, the researchers could only identify partial evidence of a high rate of digitalization, and many of the countries slowed down their respective rates of digitalization. This study showed that only 61 of sampled countries demonstrated a high rate of digitalization, while the 96 remaining countries slowed down their digitalization rates. Considering the purported ‘hype of digitalization' spreading across the globe, notwithstanding the boundaries of geography and resources, the researchers appeal to academia and practice to witness the authentic indicators of digitalization in this global study.

The rapid emergence of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020 forced a majority of academic institutions, teachers, administrators, and students to precipitously move to online learning. In that sudden move, cloud-based video conferencing technology, allowing teachers and students to interact live with one another, became the technology of choice for many. The key factor that precipitated the move to video conferencing technology in schools was the ability to humanize online learning and provide a live visual link between teacher and students. This chapter describes each element of R2D2/C3PO, a research-based, validated, instructional design model, in-depth, providing generic examples of instructional strategies and learning activities for each element. The overarching objective of this article is to list and describe each model component, which are read, reflect, display, do, coaching, conviviality, critical incident questionnaire, planning, and organization, and then to provide detailed descriptions of constructivist instructional strategies and learning activities that can be used.

The implementation of e-learning holistic education has been widely carried out, but few have studied it related to aspects of the development of the use of communication and information technology in the world of education. Due to an abrupt outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the educational paradigm has to be shifted to a new era of online education at all levels while maintaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The implementation of e-learning holistic education at SMP Bosowa School Makassar is constrained by several things, such as the existence of community groups who do not understand and agree about holistic education and the learning culture of students from early school which is not in line with the learning culture in SMP Bosowa School. However, despite facing various challenges, the implementation of e-learning holistic education at SMP Bosowa School went smoothly because it was supported by stakeholders and the applicable curriculum.

Educational technology has accelerated in recent years, and it has had a profound impact on current teaching and learning in the Pre-K-12 environment. In future years, advancement and innovation in technology will continue to empower teachers to customize students' learning experiences. To accomplish this, teachers will need ongoing professional development, which includes engaging in learning activities associated with technology play theory that focuses on educational technology and technology integration involving the technology integration planning cycle. This article will discuss the impact of content neutral technologies on pre-K-12 grade levels and content areas, the use of educational technologies used in remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of TPACK, the importance of creating a sense of belonging in the online learning environment, the need for teachers to pursue micro-credentials related to digital learning, and the impact that virtual reality, augmented reality, the metaverse and artificial intelligence can have on teachers, administrators, and students.

This encyclopedia entry provides insight into the justification of pedagogy in the context of extended reality (XR), which itself encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed/hybrid reality (MR), and how all have evolved into an ongoing source of complex ambiguity over the last decade, which the COVID-19 pandemic only highlighted and radically exacerbated. Being able to understand and operationalize each in the context of health professions pedagogy and scholarship became a necessity, which few would now ever question but which still raises issues in relation to the practices of risk assessment and management in professional fields of practice such as medicine, nursing, midwifery, and allied health professions practice.

Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes between Hispanics and Whites across 27 US jurisdictions whose health departments are members of the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC). Methods. Using surveillance data from the BCHC COVID-19 dashboard as of mid-June 2021, we computed crude incidence, age-adjusted hospitalization and mortality, and full vaccination coverage rates for Hispanics and Whites by city. We estimated relative and absolute disparities cumulatively and for 2020 and 2021 and explored associations between city-level social vulnerability and the magnitude of disparities. Results. In most of the cities with available COVID-19 incidence data, rates among Hispanics were 2.2 to 6.7 times higher than those among Whites. In all cities, Hispanics had higher age-adjusted hospitalization (1.5–8.6 times as high) and mortality (1.4–6.2 times as high) rates. Hispanics had lower vaccination coverage in all but 1 city. Disparities in incidence and hospitalizations narrowed in 2021, whereas disparities in mortality remained similar. Disparities in incidence, hospitalization, mortality, and vaccination rates were wider in cities with lower social vulnerability. Conclusions. A deeper exploration of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes is essential to understand and prevent disparities among marginalized communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(7): 1034–1044. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306809)

Qualitative remote practices remain a grey zone of EU studies’ methodology; conversely, their actual use has become ubiquitous. Increased salience can be attributed to two main factors: the outbreak of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the EU growing interest in digitisation. By choice or by force, qualitative researchers must also adapt to the broader trends of online research. With this piece, based on two EU case studies of elite and expert actors, we hope to provoke some thoughts regarding remote fieldwork, its present and future applications. Les méthodes de recherche qualitative à distance ou en ligne demeurent dans la zone grise des études européennes. Pourtant, elles sont devenues omniprésentes, poussées par deux facteurs : la pandémie de Covid-19 mais aussi l’intérêt croissant des chercheurs pour la numérisation des affaires publiques européennes. Par choix ou par contrainte, ceux-ci doivent s’adapter aux tendances de la recherche en ligne. Au travers des deux études de cas , nous engageons le débat de la recherche à distance sur l'Europe, dans ses conditions présentes comme dans ses applications futures.