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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hazeu, Gerard; Schuiling, Rini; Thomas, Daphne; Vittek, Marian; +2 Authors

    LGN2021 is een gridbestand dat het Nederlands landgebruik in 2021 met een ruimtelijke resolutie van 5 m weergeeft. Het bestand kent 51 landgebruiksklassen waarbij de belangrijkste landbouwgewassen, bos, water, natuur en stedelijke klassen worden onderscheiden. LGN2021 is een voortzetting van de LGN 2018-2020 versies. Echter, naast een toename van het aantal klassen van 48 naar 51 is ook de productiemethodiek aangepast. De productiemethode van LGN2021 sluit zoveel mogelijk aan bij Basiskaart Natuur en Landschap (BNL) (resolutie 2.5 m, dezelfde versies van de basisbestanden, zelfde afgeleide bestanden, overgenomen klasse definities en eenduidige vastlegging van LGN-klassen op basis van MultiReclass Tool (MRT)). Voor het maken van LGN2021 zijn onder andere de volgende bestanden gebruikt: Top10NL (versie november 2021), Basis Registratie Percelen 2021 (BRP2021), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), beheertypen uit Informatie Model Natuur 2021 (IMNa2021), Algemeen Hoogte bestand Nederland (AHN3/4), satellietbeelden (m.n. Sentinel-2) en luchtfoto’s uit 2021. Elk jaar verschijnt er een nieuwe LGN-versie die het landgebruik van het voorgaande referentiejaar weergeeft. De ontwikkeling van LGN2021 heeft nog op commerciële basis plaatsgevonden binnen het team Applied Spatial Research van Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR). Het bestand wordt momenteel gebruikt door o.a. de WOT, het RIVM, de provincies en de waterschappen. Vanaf 2023 wordt het LGN-bestand als Open Data beschikbaar gesteld. LGN2021 is a grid database presenting the Dutch land use in 20218 at a spatial resolution of 5 m. The database has 51 land use classes, distinguishing the main agricultural crops, forest, water, nature and urban classes.LGN2021 is a continuation of the LGN 2018-2020 versions. However, next to the increase in land use classes from 48 to 51, the production method has also been modified. The production method of LGN2021 is as close as possible to Basiskaart Natuur en Landschap (BNL) (resolution 2.5 m, the same versions of the base files, the same derived files, class definitions are taken over as much as possible and unambiguous recording of LGN classes based on Multi Reclass Tool (MRT)). The following files were used to create LGN2021: Top10NL (version November 2021), Basis Registration Parcels 2021 (BRP2021), Land use database 2015 (BBG2015), naturemanagement types from Information Model Nature 2021 (IMNa2021), terrain elevation database ofNetherlands (AHN3/4), satellite images (particularly Sentinel-2) and aerial photos from 2021. Every year a newLGN version is published that shows the land use of the previous reference year. The development of LGN2021took place on a commercial basis within the Applied Spatial Research team of Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR). The file is currently used by, among others, the WOT, the RIVM, the provinces and the waterboards. From 2023, the LGN file will be made available as Open Data.

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    Report . 2023
    License: CC BY SA
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    Report . Other literature type . 2023
    License: CC BY SA
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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      Report . 2023
      License: CC BY SA
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      Report . Other literature type . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Joey Volwater; Onderz. Form. I.; Ralf van Hal;

    The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States to develop programmes of measures that aim to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) in European seas. In order to be able to evaluate the quality status of marine waters on a regular basis and the effects of the measures taken, monitoring programs for MSFD descriptors and indicators have been established by the Member States. The Dutch monitoring program for Marine Litter (D10) includes the collection of data on the presence, abundance and distribution of macro litter on the seafloor. According to the Dutch program, the data on seafloor litter must be collected during statutory task fish surveys using a standardised GOV (Grand Ouverture Verticale) fishing net as part of the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS), which is carried out yearly in the North Sea. Anthropogenic pollution of our oceans, including marine litter, threatens wildlife, hinders human activities and reduces the recreational value of our coasts. Marine litter affects all groups of marine wildlife through effects such as entanglement and ingestion. Various initiatives to reduce litter in the (marine) environment have recently been started or are currently under discussion. Despite management measures to decrease the input of litter and to remove litter from the environment, litter remains on the seafloor. This report presents the seafloor litter composition, abundance and spatial distribution based upon catches of the regular fish surveys, the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) and the Dutch Beam Trawl Survey (BTS). Only the catches on the Dutch Continental Shelf (DCS) are used. To assess the status of seafloor litter on the DCS, the Dutch data are supplemented with those from international partners surveying the DCS within the IBTS. The seafloor litter catches on the DCS consisted mainly of plastic items: 88% (BTS) and 95% (IBTS) of the litter items found were made of plastic. Monofilaments, plastic sheets and various types of (plastic) ropes/lines were the most commonly caught litter types. A mean density of 165 (IBTS) and 201 (BTS) litter items per km2 was calculated on the DCS, with mean values per ICES rectangle exceeding 200 items per km2. It should be noted that the net used during the IBTS (GOV) and BTS (beam trawl) is not designed to catch litter. For the GOV, the catchability of many benthic species is assumed to be less than 5%, the chance of catching a litter item when it is present in the trawl path is likely to be even smaller than 5%. The fact that these items are caught thus indicates that it is plausible that there are many more litter items in the trawl path and that current values are a large underestimation of the actual litter present. On top of that, due to the selectivity of the fishing gears used in the surveys, only a selection of the types of litter items present retain in the net. This is reflected by the fact that hardly any (small) single-use plastics were caught. However, by including the BTS survey a slightly more representative picture of the litter types present on the seafloor is given since a wider range of litter items was caught, therefore the BTS data will be included in the coming years. Yet, the abundance and density estimations have to be considered as a minimum estimation of the amount of a select part of the litter present on the DCS, rather than the actual status of it.

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    Report . Other literature type . 2021
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      Report . Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ottburg, Fabrice; Borkent, Ido; Thomas, Daphne;

    De langste boomgaard van Europa is een idee van Caro Agterberg, waarvoor zij op 7 juli 2017 de eerste prijs ontving naar aanleiding van de prijsvraag ‘Maak Gelderland Mooier’, uitgeschreven door de provincie Gelderland. Haar uitgangspunt is het versterken van de beeldkwaliteit langs de A15 tussen knooppunt Deil en Dodewaard door middel van DNA-gerelateerde vergroening (hiermee wordt bedoeld de typische fruit-, sier- en laanbomen van de Betuwe). Wageningen Environmental Research is gevraagd door Rijkswaterstaat GPO om twee scenario’s voor inrichting uit te werken voor het tracé van knooppunt Deil tot aan Dodewaard langs de A15. Een tracé van 33 kilometer lang en betreft de breedte tussen de A15 en de Betuwelijn, inclusief alle op- en afritten. The longest orchard in Europe is a concept by Caro Agterberg, for which she received first prize in 2017, in the competition ‘Make Gelderland More Beautiful’, initiated by the province of Gelderland. Her aim is to strengthen (landscape-)architectonic quality alongside the A15 motorway between Deil and Dodewaard by means of local DNA-related greening. Rijkswaterstaat GPO asked Wageningen University and Research to develop two design scenarios alongside the A15 trajectory, Deil Junction - Dodewaard. A 33 km long trajectory, covering the width between the A15 motorway and the highspeed rail Betuwelijn, including all slip roads and exits.

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    Research@WUR; NARCIS
    Report . Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Report . Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jan A. Franeker; Onderz. Form. I.; Susanne Kühn; A. Meijboom; +3 Authors

    This document is an illustrated report for the surveyors in the monitoring program of plastics particles in stomachs of beached northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in the north of Denmark and the south of Norway. It contains a report on 20 years of data collected since the start of the Save the North Sea (SNS) project in 2002 until about July 2021. As an illustration of the current situation photos are provided of stomach contents of all individual birds over the recent 5-year period 2017-2021. Data indicate a decrease in plastic mass in the Skagerrak since 2002, but the pattern is statistically insignificant. However, such data do contribute to the statistically significant decrease recently calculated for the total of the North Sea. Lower sample sizes within a specific area or period are not a major problem in the larger monitoring program.

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    Report . 2021
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    Report . Other literature type . 2021
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      Report . 2021
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      Report . Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Olaf Scholten; Brian Hare; Alex Pel; Antonio Bonardi; +15 Authors

    EGU General Assembly 2020, 04 mei 2020 Item does not contain fulltext

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radboud Repositoryarrow_drop_down
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    Conference object . 2020
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    Other literature type . Report . 2020
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Report . 2020
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radboud Repositoryarrow_drop_down
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    The Netherlands is subsiding faster than the sea level is rising. In large parts of the Netherlands, human intervention is causing increased subsidence, in part because of a reduction in groundwater levels. The Geological Survey of the Netherlands (GDN), part of TNO, investigates all aspects of subsidence in collaboration with other institutes. This is done through measuring and understanding, but also through predicting. Municipalities, provinces and the government use this data and knowledge as an integral part of decision-making. TNO researchers Peter Fokker and Kay Koster, and head of geomodelling Michiel van der Meulen answer a number of questions about subsidence.

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    In het rapport Aspects of the transition from NEDC to WLTP for CO2 values of passenger cars - Phase 3: After the transition, TNO 2019 R10952, is beschreven hoe de CO2-waarden van nieuw verkochte personenauto’s zich hebben ontwikkeld onder invloed van de overgang van de oude NEDC typekeuringstest naar de nieuwe WLTP typekeuringstest. Deze overgang heeft in Nederland vooral plaatsgevonden in de tweede helft van 2018. De analyses in het Phase 3 rapport zijn gebaseerd op de voertuigregistraties tot april 2019. Op verzoek van het Ministerie van Financiën is de ontwikkeling van de maandgemiddelde CO2-waarde van conventionele benzine- en dieselauto’s geactualiseerd met registraties t/m 31 maart 2020 en is op basis van deze ontwikkeling een globale inschatting gemaakt van de gemiddelde CO2-waarde voor 2021. Tevens is voor de 80 meest verkochte modellen een model-op-model vergelijking gemaakt van de CO2-waarde van de NEDC-geteste versie (2017-model) en de WLTP-geteste opvolger (2019-model).

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    Authors: Glorius, S.T.; Meijboom, A.;

    Since November 2005 a small part of the Dutch Wadden Sea has been closed to bottom-disturbing human activities. The area is situated just to the south of Rottumerplaat and Rottumeroog islands and covers about 7,400 hectares. The purpose of closing this area is to monitor the development of the marine fauna in the Wadden Sea when they are not disturbed by human activities. The monitoring programme focuses on the development of the benthic communities present in the gullies. The benthic fauna in two gullies in the closed area are being monitored and compared with the fauna in two control gullies outside the closed area, where they are under the influence of bottom-disturbing human activities (open gullies). This report describes the interim results 13 years after the area was closed. In line with what has been established earlier, inside the closed area the benthic species composition in the Boschwad gully is somewhat more diverse in mollusc species than in the Schild gully. The benthic fauna in Boschwad differs from all other gullies by having a slightly higher abundance of shellfish (especially cockles, but also Baltic clams) and a different composition of annelid species. The species composition in Schild is more similar to that in the open gullies, possibly as a result of greater natural disturbance (influence of wind and waves on the sediments). Sinds november 2005 is een klein deel van de Nederlandse Waddenzee gesloten voor (potentieel) schadelijke menselijke activiteiten. Het gebied ligt ten zuiden van Rottumerplaat en Rottumeroog, en beslaat zo’n 7400 hectare. Doel van de sluiting is om de ongestoorde ontwikkeling van de natuur in de Waddenzee te kunnen volgen. Hiervoor wordt de bodemdiergemeenschap in twee geulen gelegen in het gesloten gebied gemonitord en vergeleken met die van twee controlegeulen gelegen buiten dit gebied. Dit project wordt door Wageningen Marine Research (WMR) uitgevoerd binnen de Wettelijke Onderzoekstaken (WOT) thema Informatievoorziening Natuur, gefinancierd doorhet Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (LNV). Dit rapport beschrijft de tussentijdse resultaten, 13 jaar naar sluiting. In lijn met wat eerder vastgesteld werd, bevatten de monsters genomen in de gesloten geul Boschwad meer verschillende weekdiersoorten dan de monsters genomen in Schild. De bodemdiergemeenschap in Boschwad onderscheidt zich van de andere geulen door een hogere abundantie schelpdieren (vooral kokkels maar ook nonnetjes) en een andere samenstelling van ringwormsoorten. De soortensamenstelling in Schild komt meer overeen met de open geulen, mogelijk veroorzaakt door een grotere natuurlijke verstoring (invloed wind en golven op de bodem).

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    Other literature type . Report . 2020
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      Other literature type . Report . 2020
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    Authors: Hazeu, G.W.; Vittek, M.; Schuiling, R.; Bulens, J.D.; +3 Authors

    LGN2018 is een gridbestand dat het Nederlands landgebruik in 2018 met een ruimtelijke resolutie van 5 m weergeeft. Het bestand kent 48 landgebruiksklassen waarbij de belangrijkste landbouwgewassen, bos, water, natuur en stedelijke klassen worden onderscheiden. Naast de vergroting van het ruimtelijke detail (van 25*25m naar 5*5m), is de thematiek van met name de natuur sterk verbeterd door onder andere het gebruik van multitemporele Sentinel-2 beelden en het AHN2/3-bestand. Verder wordt bij de productie van LGN2018 gebruikt gemaakt van de topografische dataset BRT/Top10NL (versie november 2018), Basis Registratie Percelen 2018 (BRP2018), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), Basiskaart Natuur 2017 (BKN2017), LGN7 en de luchtfoto’s uit 2018.De productie van LGN2018 is sterk veranderd ten opzichte van de LGN7-productie (o.a. verbeterde ruimtelijke resolutie, gebruik van andere basisbestanden en verbeterde definitie/afleiding van LGN-klassen). Vanaf heden wordt elk jaar een nieuwe versie uitgebracht die het actuele landgebruik voor betreffend referentiejaar weergeeft. Monitoring van landgebruiksveranderingen wordt hierdoor mogelijk. LGN wordt in abonnementsvorm aangeboden. LGN2018 is a grid database presenting the Dutch land use in 2018 at a spatial resolution of 5 m. The database has 48 land use classes, distinguishing the main agricultural crops, forest, water, nature and urban classes. In addition to the increase of the spatial detail (from 25m to 5m spatial resolution), the thematic detail of especially the nature areas has been greatly improved by using multitemporal Sentinel-2 images and the national height model (AHN2/3 database). Furthermore, the production of LGN2018 uses topographical data (BRT/Top10NL - version November 2018), Basic Registration of agricultural Parcels 2018 (BRP2018), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), Basic Nature Map 2017 (BKN2017), LGN7 and the aerial photos from 2018.LGN2018 production has changed significantly from LGN7 production (including improved spatial resolution, use of other databases, and improved definition / derivation of LGN classes). From now on, a new version is released every year that shows the current land use for the respective reference year. This makes it possible to monitor land use changes. LGN is offered in subscription form.

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      Report . 2020
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    Authors: Rijnsdorp, A.D.; Depestele, J.; Molenaar, P.; Eigaard, O.R.; +2 Authors

    Bottom trawls impact the seafloor and benthic ecosystem. To estimate the trawling impact, information is required about the dimensions of the gear that determine their footprint, sediment penetration depth and hydrodynamic drag that determines the amount of sediment mobilised in the wake of the trawl. Here we present the dimension of gear components of the different beam trawls used in the North Sea flatfish fishery including the traditional tickler chain beam trawl, chain-mat trawl and pulse trawls. The hydrodynamic drag of the gears is estimated by summing the drag of different gear components using empirical equations that describe the hydrodynamic drag of different shaped objects, including cylinders, blocks and fish nets. Netting contributes most to the hydrodynamic drag, followed by the ground rope, tickler chains and chain mat. The hydrodynamic drag of bottom components, which determines sediment mobilisation, is estimated at 6.2 and 6.3 kN.m-1 for a traditional tickler chain and chain-mat trawl, and 3.8 kN.m-1 for a pulse trawler. Drag of pulse trawls depends on their rigging and ranges between 2.8 – 3.2 kN.m-1 for the rectangular ground rope types and 4.0 – 4.1 kN.m-1 for the sole rope type. The amount of sediment mobilised in a seabed habitat with 20% silt content is 24 kg.m-2 for a large tickler chain and chain-mat trawler and between 12 – 16 kg.m-2 for a large pulse trawler.

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    Authors: Hazeu, Gerard; Schuiling, Rini; Thomas, Daphne; Vittek, Marian; +2 Authors

    LGN2021 is een gridbestand dat het Nederlands landgebruik in 2021 met een ruimtelijke resolutie van 5 m weergeeft. Het bestand kent 51 landgebruiksklassen waarbij de belangrijkste landbouwgewassen, bos, water, natuur en stedelijke klassen worden onderscheiden. LGN2021 is een voortzetting van de LGN 2018-2020 versies. Echter, naast een toename van het aantal klassen van 48 naar 51 is ook de productiemethodiek aangepast. De productiemethode van LGN2021 sluit zoveel mogelijk aan bij Basiskaart Natuur en Landschap (BNL) (resolutie 2.5 m, dezelfde versies van de basisbestanden, zelfde afgeleide bestanden, overgenomen klasse definities en eenduidige vastlegging van LGN-klassen op basis van MultiReclass Tool (MRT)). Voor het maken van LGN2021 zijn onder andere de volgende bestanden gebruikt: Top10NL (versie november 2021), Basis Registratie Percelen 2021 (BRP2021), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), beheertypen uit Informatie Model Natuur 2021 (IMNa2021), Algemeen Hoogte bestand Nederland (AHN3/4), satellietbeelden (m.n. Sentinel-2) en luchtfoto’s uit 2021. Elk jaar verschijnt er een nieuwe LGN-versie die het landgebruik van het voorgaande referentiejaar weergeeft. De ontwikkeling van LGN2021 heeft nog op commerciële basis plaatsgevonden binnen het team Applied Spatial Research van Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR). Het bestand wordt momenteel gebruikt door o.a. de WOT, het RIVM, de provincies en de waterschappen. Vanaf 2023 wordt het LGN-bestand als Open Data beschikbaar gesteld. LGN2021 is a grid database presenting the Dutch land use in 20218 at a spatial resolution of 5 m. The database has 51 land use classes, distinguishing the main agricultural crops, forest, water, nature and urban classes.LGN2021 is a continuation of the LGN 2018-2020 versions. However, next to the increase in land use classes from 48 to 51, the production method has also been modified. The production method of LGN2021 is as close as possible to Basiskaart Natuur en Landschap (BNL) (resolution 2.5 m, the same versions of the base files, the same derived files, class definitions are taken over as much as possible and unambiguous recording of LGN classes based on Multi Reclass Tool (MRT)). The following files were used to create LGN2021: Top10NL (version November 2021), Basis Registration Parcels 2021 (BRP2021), Land use database 2015 (BBG2015), naturemanagement types from Information Model Nature 2021 (IMNa2021), terrain elevation database ofNetherlands (AHN3/4), satellite images (particularly Sentinel-2) and aerial photos from 2021. Every year a newLGN version is published that shows the land use of the previous reference year. The development of LGN2021took place on a commercial basis within the Applied Spatial Research team of Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR). The file is currently used by, among others, the WOT, the RIVM, the provinces and the waterboards. From 2023, the LGN file will be made available as Open Data.

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    Authors: Joey Volwater; Onderz. Form. I.; Ralf van Hal;

    The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States to develop programmes of measures that aim to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) in European seas. In order to be able to evaluate the quality status of marine waters on a regular basis and the effects of the measures taken, monitoring programs for MSFD descriptors and indicators have been established by the Member States. The Dutch monitoring program for Marine Litter (D10) includes the collection of data on the presence, abundance and distribution of macro litter on the seafloor. According to the Dutch program, the data on seafloor litter must be collected during statutory task fish surveys using a standardised GOV (Grand Ouverture Verticale) fishing net as part of the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS), which is carried out yearly in the North Sea. Anthropogenic pollution of our oceans, including marine litter, threatens wildlife, hinders human activities and reduces the recreational value of our coasts. Marine litter affects all groups of marine wildlife through effects such as entanglement and ingestion. Various initiatives to reduce litter in the (marine) environment have recently been started or are currently under discussion. Despite management measures to decrease the input of litter and to remove litter from the environment, litter remains on the seafloor. This report presents the seafloor litter composition, abundance and spatial distribution based upon catches of the regular fish surveys, the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) and the Dutch Beam Trawl Survey (BTS). Only the catches on the Dutch Continental Shelf (DCS) are used. To assess the status of seafloor litter on the DCS, the Dutch data are supplemented with those from international partners surveying the DCS within the IBTS. The seafloor litter catches on the DCS consisted mainly of plastic items: 88% (BTS) and 95% (IBTS) of the litter items found were made of plastic. Monofilaments, plastic sheets and various types of (plastic) ropes/lines were the most commonly caught litter types. A mean density of 165 (IBTS) and 201 (BTS) litter items per km2 was calculated on the DCS, with mean values per ICES rectangle exceeding 200 items per km2. It should be noted that the net used during the IBTS (GOV) and BTS (beam trawl) is not designed to catch litter. For the GOV, the catchability of many benthic species is assumed to be less than 5%, the chance of catching a litter item when it is present in the trawl path is likely to be even smaller than 5%. The fact that these items are caught thus indicates that it is plausible that there are many more litter items in the trawl path and that current values are a large underestimation of the actual litter present. On top of that, due to the selectivity of the fishing gears used in the surveys, only a selection of the types of litter items present retain in the net. This is reflected by the fact that hardly any (small) single-use plastics were caught. However, by including the BTS survey a slightly more representative picture of the litter types present on the seafloor is given since a wider range of litter items was caught, therefore the BTS data will be included in the coming years. Yet, the abundance and density estimations have to be considered as a minimum estimation of the amount of a select part of the litter present on the DCS, rather than the actual status of it.

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    Authors: Ottburg, Fabrice; Borkent, Ido; Thomas, Daphne;

    De langste boomgaard van Europa is een idee van Caro Agterberg, waarvoor zij op 7 juli 2017 de eerste prijs ontving naar aanleiding van de prijsvraag ‘Maak Gelderland Mooier’, uitgeschreven door de provincie Gelderland. Haar uitgangspunt is het versterken van de beeldkwaliteit langs de A15 tussen knooppunt Deil en Dodewaard door middel van DNA-gerelateerde vergroening (hiermee wordt bedoeld de typische fruit-, sier- en laanbomen van de Betuwe). Wageningen Environmental Research is gevraagd door Rijkswaterstaat GPO om twee scenario’s voor inrichting uit te werken voor het tracé van knooppunt Deil tot aan Dodewaard langs de A15. Een tracé van 33 kilometer lang en betreft de breedte tussen de A15 en de Betuwelijn, inclusief alle op- en afritten. The longest orchard in Europe is a concept by Caro Agterberg, for which she received first prize in 2017, in the competition ‘Make Gelderland More Beautiful’, initiated by the province of Gelderland. Her aim is to strengthen (landscape-)architectonic quality alongside the A15 motorway between Deil and Dodewaard by means of local DNA-related greening. Rijkswaterstaat GPO asked Wageningen University and Research to develop two design scenarios alongside the A15 trajectory, Deil Junction - Dodewaard. A 33 km long trajectory, covering the width between the A15 motorway and the highspeed rail Betuwelijn, including all slip roads and exits.

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    Authors: Jan A. Franeker; Onderz. Form. I.; Susanne Kühn; A. Meijboom; +3 Authors

    This document is an illustrated report for the surveyors in the monitoring program of plastics particles in stomachs of beached northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in the north of Denmark and the south of Norway. It contains a report on 20 years of data collected since the start of the Save the North Sea (SNS) project in 2002 until about July 2021. As an illustration of the current situation photos are provided of stomach contents of all individual birds over the recent 5-year period 2017-2021. Data indicate a decrease in plastic mass in the Skagerrak since 2002, but the pattern is statistically insignificant. However, such data do contribute to the statistically significant decrease recently calculated for the total of the North Sea. Lower sample sizes within a specific area or period are not a major problem in the larger monitoring program.

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    Authors: Olaf Scholten; Brian Hare; Alex Pel; Antonio Bonardi; +15 Authors

    EGU General Assembly 2020, 04 mei 2020 Item does not contain fulltext

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    The Netherlands is subsiding faster than the sea level is rising. In large parts of the Netherlands, human intervention is causing increased subsidence, in part because of a reduction in groundwater levels. The Geological Survey of the Netherlands (GDN), part of TNO, investigates all aspects of subsidence in collaboration with other institutes. This is done through measuring and understanding, but also through predicting. Municipalities, provinces and the government use this data and knowledge as an integral part of decision-making. TNO researchers Peter Fokker and Kay Koster, and head of geomodelling Michiel van der Meulen answer a number of questions about subsidence.

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    In het rapport Aspects of the transition from NEDC to WLTP for CO2 values of passenger cars - Phase 3: After the transition, TNO 2019 R10952, is beschreven hoe de CO2-waarden van nieuw verkochte personenauto’s zich hebben ontwikkeld onder invloed van de overgang van de oude NEDC typekeuringstest naar de nieuwe WLTP typekeuringstest. Deze overgang heeft in Nederland vooral plaatsgevonden in de tweede helft van 2018. De analyses in het Phase 3 rapport zijn gebaseerd op de voertuigregistraties tot april 2019. Op verzoek van het Ministerie van Financiën is de ontwikkeling van de maandgemiddelde CO2-waarde van conventionele benzine- en dieselauto’s geactualiseerd met registraties t/m 31 maart 2020 en is op basis van deze ontwikkeling een globale inschatting gemaakt van de gemiddelde CO2-waarde voor 2021. Tevens is voor de 80 meest verkochte modellen een model-op-model vergelijking gemaakt van de CO2-waarde van de NEDC-geteste versie (2017-model) en de WLTP-geteste opvolger (2019-model).

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    Authors: Glorius, S.T.; Meijboom, A.;

    Since November 2005 a small part of the Dutch Wadden Sea has been closed to bottom-disturbing human activities. The area is situated just to the south of Rottumerplaat and Rottumeroog islands and covers about 7,400 hectares. The purpose of closing this area is to monitor the development of the marine fauna in the Wadden Sea when they are not disturbed by human activities. The monitoring programme focuses on the development of the benthic communities present in the gullies. The benthic fauna in two gullies in the closed area are being monitored and compared with the fauna in two control gullies outside the closed area, where they are under the influence of bottom-disturbing human activities (open gullies). This report describes the interim results 13 years after the area was closed. In line with what has been established earlier, inside the closed area the benthic species composition in the Boschwad gully is somewhat more diverse in mollusc species than in the Schild gully. The benthic fauna in Boschwad differs from all other gullies by having a slightly higher abundance of shellfish (especially cockles, but also Baltic clams) and a different composition of annelid species. The species composition in Schild is more similar to that in the open gullies, possibly as a result of greater natural disturbance (influence of wind and waves on the sediments). Sinds november 2005 is een klein deel van de Nederlandse Waddenzee gesloten voor (potentieel) schadelijke menselijke activiteiten. Het gebied ligt ten zuiden van Rottumerplaat en Rottumeroog, en beslaat zo’n 7400 hectare. Doel van de sluiting is om de ongestoorde ontwikkeling van de natuur in de Waddenzee te kunnen volgen. Hiervoor wordt de bodemdiergemeenschap in twee geulen gelegen in het gesloten gebied gemonitord en vergeleken met die van twee controlegeulen gelegen buiten dit gebied. Dit project wordt door Wageningen Marine Research (WMR) uitgevoerd binnen de Wettelijke Onderzoekstaken (WOT) thema Informatievoorziening Natuur, gefinancierd doorhet Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (LNV). Dit rapport beschrijft de tussentijdse resultaten, 13 jaar naar sluiting. In lijn met wat eerder vastgesteld werd, bevatten de monsters genomen in de gesloten geul Boschwad meer verschillende weekdiersoorten dan de monsters genomen in Schild. De bodemdiergemeenschap in Boschwad onderscheidt zich van de andere geulen door een hogere abundantie schelpdieren (vooral kokkels maar ook nonnetjes) en een andere samenstelling van ringwormsoorten. De soortensamenstelling in Schild komt meer overeen met de open geulen, mogelijk veroorzaakt door een grotere natuurlijke verstoring (invloed wind en golven op de bodem).

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    Other literature type . Report . 2020
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      Other literature type . Report . 2020
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    Authors: Hazeu, G.W.; Vittek, M.; Schuiling, R.; Bulens, J.D.; +3 Authors

    LGN2018 is een gridbestand dat het Nederlands landgebruik in 2018 met een ruimtelijke resolutie van 5 m weergeeft. Het bestand kent 48 landgebruiksklassen waarbij de belangrijkste landbouwgewassen, bos, water, natuur en stedelijke klassen worden onderscheiden. Naast de vergroting van het ruimtelijke detail (van 25*25m naar 5*5m), is de thematiek van met name de natuur sterk verbeterd door onder andere het gebruik van multitemporele Sentinel-2 beelden en het AHN2/3-bestand. Verder wordt bij de productie van LGN2018 gebruikt gemaakt van de topografische dataset BRT/Top10NL (versie november 2018), Basis Registratie Percelen 2018 (BRP2018), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), Basiskaart Natuur 2017 (BKN2017), LGN7 en de luchtfoto’s uit 2018.De productie van LGN2018 is sterk veranderd ten opzichte van de LGN7-productie (o.a. verbeterde ruimtelijke resolutie, gebruik van andere basisbestanden en verbeterde definitie/afleiding van LGN-klassen). Vanaf heden wordt elk jaar een nieuwe versie uitgebracht die het actuele landgebruik voor betreffend referentiejaar weergeeft. Monitoring van landgebruiksveranderingen wordt hierdoor mogelijk. LGN wordt in abonnementsvorm aangeboden. LGN2018 is a grid database presenting the Dutch land use in 2018 at a spatial resolution of 5 m. The database has 48 land use classes, distinguishing the main agricultural crops, forest, water, nature and urban classes. In addition to the increase of the spatial detail (from 25m to 5m spatial resolution), the thematic detail of especially the nature areas has been greatly improved by using multitemporal Sentinel-2 images and the national height model (AHN2/3 database). Furthermore, the production of LGN2018 uses topographical data (BRT/Top10NL - version November 2018), Basic Registration of agricultural Parcels 2018 (BRP2018), Bestand Bodem Gebruik 2015 (BBG2015), Basic Nature Map 2017 (BKN2017), LGN7 and the aerial photos from 2018.LGN2018 production has changed significantly from LGN7 production (including improved spatial resolution, use of other databases, and improved definition / derivation of LGN classes). From now on, a new version is released every year that shows the current land use for the respective reference year. This makes it possible to monitor land use changes. LGN is offered in subscription form.

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    Authors: Rijnsdorp, A.D.; Depestele, J.; Molenaar, P.; Eigaard, O.R.; +2 Authors

    Bottom trawls impact the seafloor and benthic ecosystem. To estimate the trawling impact, information is required about the dimensions of the gear that determine their footprint, sediment penetration depth and hydrodynamic drag that determines the amount of sediment mobilised in the wake of the trawl. Here we present the dimension of gear components of the different beam trawls used in the North Sea flatfish fishery including the traditional tickler chain beam trawl, chain-mat trawl and pulse trawls. The hydrodynamic drag of the gears is estimated by summing the drag of different gear components using empirical equations that describe the hydrodynamic drag of different shaped objects, including cylinders, blocks and fish nets. Netting contributes most to the hydrodynamic drag, followed by the ground rope, tickler chains and chain mat. The hydrodynamic drag of bottom components, which determines sediment mobilisation, is estimated at 6.2 and 6.3 kN.m-1 for a traditional tickler chain and chain-mat trawl, and 3.8 kN.m-1 for a pulse trawler. Drag of pulse trawls depends on their rigging and ranges between 2.8 – 3.2 kN.m-1 for the rectangular ground rope types and 4.0 – 4.1 kN.m-1 for the sole rope type. The amount of sediment mobilised in a seabed habitat with 20% silt content is 24 kg.m-2 for a large tickler chain and chain-mat trawler and between 12 – 16 kg.m-2 for a large pulse trawler.

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