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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: David Brown; Sytze de Bruin; Kauê de Sousa; Catherine Abadie; +3 Authors

    AbstractSynthesis of crop trial data can generate insights that are not available from the analysis of individual studies, but such synthesis is often constrained by the heterogeneity of data among studies. Rank‐based data synthesis provides the flexibility to combine data of heterogeneous types and from different sources. We demonstrate the application of rank‐based data synthesis of heterogeneous trial data to assess the effect of climatic factors on the reaction of several Musa genotypes to black leaf streak disease (BLSD; caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis [sexual morph: Mycosphaerella fijiensis]). We aggregated data from the main public repositories of Musa trial data. We applied model‐based recursive partitioning with the Plackett–Luce model, using climatic data as covariates. The model identified the maximum length of the dry spell as the main variable influencing differences in genotypic response to BLSD, dividing the aggregated trial dataset into humid and dry environments. We found differences in the reaction of genotypes to BLSD between these environments. In humid environments, NARITA 8 was found to be the most resistant genotype, while in dry environments FHIA‐01 was the best performing improved genotype. We also assessed reliability, which is the probability of outperforming the reference genotype (Calcutta 4). In humid environments, NARITA 2, NARITA 8, and FHIA‐01 had the highest reliability, while in dry environments only the landrace Saba surpassed 50% reliability. The information generated by our data synthesis approach supports selecting Musa genotypes for further evaluations at new locations.

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    Lirias
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: Lirias
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    Agronomy Journal; Research@WUR
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agritroparrow_drop_down
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      Lirias
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Lirias
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      Agronomy Journal; Research@WUR
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Valentin, Sarah; Lancelot, Renaud; Roche, Mathieu;

    International audience; Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health surveillance. These systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal diseases. Automatically identifying news articles that describe the same outbreak event is a key step to quickly detect relevant epidemiological information while alleviating manual curation of news content. This paper addresses the task of retrieving news articles that are related in epidemiological terms. We tackle this issue using text mining and feature fusion methods. The main objective of this paper is to identify a textual representation in which two articles that share the same epidemiological content are closed. We compared two types of representations (i.e., features) to represent the documents: (i) morphosyntactic features (i.e., selection and transformation of all terms from the news, based on classical textual processing steps) and (ii) lexicosemantic features (i.e., selection, transformation and fusion of epidemiological terms including diseases, hosts, locations and dates). We compared two types of term weighing (i.e., Boolean and TF-IDF) for both representations. To combine and transform lexicosemantic features, we compared two data fusion techniques (i.e., early fusion and late fusion) and the effect of features generalisation, while evaluating the relative importance of each type of feature. We conducted our analysis using a corpus composed of a subset of news articles in English related to animal disease outbreaks. Our results showed that the combination of relevant lexicosemantic (epidemiological) features using fusion methods improves classical morphosyntactic representation in the context of disease-related news retrieval. The lexicosemantic representation based on TF-IDF and feature generalisation (F-measure = 0.92, r-precision = 0.58) outperformed the morphosyntactic representation (F-measure = 0.89, r-precision = 0.45), while reducing the features space. Converting the features into lower granular features (i.e., generalisation) contributed to improving the results of the lexicosemantic representation. Our results showed no difference between the early and late fusion approaches. Temporal features performed poorly on their own. Conversely, spatial features were the most discriminative features, highlighting the need for robust methods for spatial entity extraction, disambiguation and representation in internet-based surveillance systems.

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    Information Processing in Agriculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2023
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      Information Processing in Agriculture
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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    Authors: Kelemen, Eszter; Megyesi, Boldizsár; Matzdorf, Bettina; Andersen, Erling; +10 Authors

    International audience; Innovative agri-environmental contracts are increasingly studied in the literature, but their adoption has been relatively slow and geographically scattered. Action-based agri-environmental measures remain the predominant policy mechanism across Europe. A three-round Policy Delphi study was conducted with policy makers, scientific experts, farmers’ representatives, and NGOs from across 15 different European countries, to investigate how and under which circumstances novel contractual solutions could be implemented more widely. The expert panel perceived result-based and collective contractual elements as the most promising. Although considered beneficial from several aspects, value chain contracts were perceived less relevant to the policy environment. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Pillar 2 measures were highlighted by the experts as the key policy area to implement novel contracts by national or regional authorities, but Pillar 1 eco-schemes, being launched in the CAP 2023–2027, were also considered as a potentially suitable framework for testing and implementation. The Delphi panel envisaged innovative contracts should be adopted by governments in iterative steps and not as a complete substitute for current payment schemes, but rather as an additional incentive to them. Such an incremental approach allows contractual innovations to capitalise on existing best practices. But it also implies the risk that innovative contracts could remain marginal and fail to substantially change farmers’ behaviour, resulting in a failure to improve environmental conditions.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC
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    https://doi.org/10.15488/14098...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Iyabano, Aboubakar; Leeuwis, Cees; Lie, Rico; Toillier, Aurélie; +1 Authors

    There is a growing promotion of agroecological techniques in many Sub-Saharan African countries as a response to the current climatic variability challenges. In the case of Burkina Faso, a number of studies have mentioned the role of Farmers’ Organizations (FOs) in the promotion of agroecological techniques. Although previous studies have highlighted the role of FOs in agroecology, more detailed studies on the effectiveness of their intermediation activities and especially those focusing on the way the FOs influence farmers’ agroecological innovations decisions are still scarce. This study addresses this gap by providing the answer to the question of what drives farmers’ decisions to implement agroecological innovations and how their FOs influence these decisions. The results show that the implementation of agroecological innovations varies, with some farmers using many and others few of the innovations promoted by their respective FOs. Farmers’ implementation of these innovations is largely influenced by the actions of their FOs on at least one of the three drivers of individual motivation or innovation behavior (Vroom 1964): instrumentality, valence, and expectancy. Finally, the study calls for policy actors to increase funding support to FOs for widening their continuous provision of agroecology development activities.

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    Research@WUR; International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    Article . 2023
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      Research@WUR; International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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    Authors: Beda Innocent Adji; Véronique Letort; Xiujuan Wang; Mengzhen Kang; +7 Authors

    Seed size is a critical factor that can impact the regeneration process of plant populations. The objective of this study is to identify optimal seeds for the cultivation of two overexploited native forest species in Côte d’Ivoire, namely Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss., 1830 and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.BR. ex G. Don, 1830. A total of 1080 seeds per species were evaluated for germination and seedling vigour in two distinct environments (dry and humid) in Côte d’Ivoire. The results demonstrated that, for Khaya senegalensis, larger seeds exhibited higher germination rates, whereas for Parkia biglobosa, smaller and medium-sized seeds showed better germination performance. However, regardless of species and study site, larger seeds consistently produced more vigorous seedlings. In this case, pretreatment tests on large seeds of Parkia biglobosa can potentially enhance their germination performance. Large seeds, ranging from 0.25–0.37 g in Khaya senegalensis and 0.2–0.32 g in Parkia biglobosa, appear to be the most suitable and best candidates for high-quality, high-performance seeds to optimise the cultivation of these species in Côte d’Ivoire. Distributing such seeds to farmers can contribute to the success of reforestation and agroforestry programs involving these target species in Côte d’Ivoire. These findings contribute to the sustainable management of the target species and can serve as a basis for restructuring forest regeneration policies in Côte d’Ivoire.

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    Forests
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Forests
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: J. A. González; Sawsan K. M. Yousif; L. E. Erazzu; L. Martínez Calsina; +14 Authors

    In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear.

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    Agronomy
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Morgane Dendoncker; Simon Taugourdeau; Christian Messier; Caroline Vincke;

    International audience; The persistence of the woody vegetation of the Sahelian savannas, and their supported ecosystem functions, have been questioned since the great drought of 1970s–1980s. To assess the resilience of this vegetation to drought and grazing, we undertook a trait-based approach using field inventory, historical survey databases, and traits data literature. Using a hierarchical clustering approach, we gathered the species present from 1970 to 2015 into functional groups according to their effect traits related to primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles. First, we studied the evolution of functional redundancy (FRe) and response diversity (RDiv) of the functional effect groups to drought and grazing, two indicators of resilience, since the 1970s. Second, we looked at the spatial variation of these two indices in 2015, according to local topography. FRe and RDiv of 80% of the functional groups examined declined since 1970, endangering the persistence of the studied functions. Local topography strongly influenced current FRe and RDiv, with depressions presenting higher values. Finally, by examining species’ abundances, their regeneration, and the functional group to which they belong, we determined some key species that could benefit from protection to ensure the persistence of the ecosystem functions supported by the woody vegetation. This study has expanded knowledge about the savanna’s response to pressures and has shown how a functional traits-based approach could be an effective tool to guide the management of tropical savannas.

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    Forests
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Forests
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rolland H. Yemadje; Hermione Koussihouèdé; Sylvain Rafflegeau;

    On Adja plateau, Benin, landowners evict tenants in order to replenish soil fertility through oil-palm fallowing. As a reaction, tenants use farmyard manure and mineral fertiliser, arguing that these practices restore soil fertility, allowing them to pursue land cropping. There is little information available on the impacts of these management practices on soil fertility and on land productivity, although this information is essential input for making recommendations about how to lessen land conflicts and improve the sustainability of land-management systems. This study used a synchronic approach, selecting 12 farmers' fields in villages typical of the region, eight and four of which, respectively, represent tenants' (cropping fields) and landowners' (fallows) soil fertility management strategies. An experimental plan was designed, combining different doses of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilisation to assess maize yields and soil fertility in cropped fields compared with fallows. The results showed no significant differences between treatments on cropped fields and fallows regarding N, C, and C:N. However, soil P and K were higher in the treated plots than in the fallows. Maize grain yields under farmyard manure application were better than grain yields under mineral fertiliser alone. In addition, a double dose of farmyard manure was revealed to exceed the mineral fertiliser effect alone. Fertiliser recommendations are provided for tenants' maize production, and trade-offs between sustainability and intensification are discussed. Finally, We suggest that farmyard manure application is a practice that can create a win-win situation for both sides provided that the two actors involved formalise the agreement so that drifts are controlled and plead for governments involvement in land conflict resolution by providing institutional flexibility regarding accounting for local practices such as farmyard manure application to enable the land leasing system to facilitate adaptive governance based on ecological intensification.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
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    Research@WUR; Agroforestry Systems
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
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      Research@WUR; Agroforestry Systems
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Annaêl Barnes; Alexandre Ickowicz; Jean-Daniel Cesaro; Paulo Salgado; +3 Authors

    International audience; Biodiversity offsets aim to compensate the negative residual impacts of development projects on biodiversity, including ecosystem functions, uses by people and cultural values. Conceptually, ecosystem services (ES) should be considered, but in practice this integration rarely occurs. Their consideration would improve the societal impact of biodiversity offsets. However, the prioritisation of ES in a given area is still limited. We developed a framework for this purpose, applied in rangelands landscapes in Kazakhstan, in the context of uranium mining. We assumed that different landscapes provide different ES, and that stakeholders perceive ES according to their category (e.g., elders and herders) and gender. We performed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. Using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, we identified 300 ES in 31 classes across 8 landscape units. We produced a systemic representation of the provision of ES across the landscapes. We showed a significant link between ES and landscape units, but not between ES and stakeholder categories or gender. Stakeholders mostly identified ES according to the location of their villages. Therefore, we suggest that the biodiversity offsets should target ES provided by the landscape unit where mining activities occur and would be most interesting in the landscapes common to all villages. By performing a systemic representation, potential impacts of some offset strategies can be predicted. The framework was therefore effective in determining a bundle of ES at a landscape scale, and in prioritising them for future biodiversity offset plans.

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    Land
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Land
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    Authors: Laurent Parrot; Yannick Biard; Dieuwke Klaver; Edit Kabré; +1 Authors

    L’évaluation intégrée des filières agricoles par des analyses économiques, sociales et environnementales a pour finalité de fournir les informations nécessaires et suffisantes pour orienter ou appuyer les décisions d’investissement dans le cadre d’un développement durable. Ces évaluations s’appuient d’une part sur des collectes de données et des analyses sur l’organisation de ces filières et, d’autre part, sur la stratégie de leurs acteurs. L’accès aux informations, leur fiabilité, ainsi que le contexte général dans lequel ces filières évoluent sont des dimensions essentielles. Le contexte peut rendre difficiles les décisions d’investir et la mise en œuvre de politiques sectorielles agricoles. En effet, investir nécessite une confiance en l’avenir car cela implique un endettement, donc une prise de risque et une responsabilité. Afin d’atténuer ce risque, l’investisseur a besoin d’informations et doit pouvoir y accéder. Dans les pays à faible revenu, les difficultés à appliquer des textes réglementaires et l’absence d’informations fiables compliquent le développement de chaînes de valeur agricoles durables, ainsi que les démarches pour les évaluer. Nous montrons comment les chaînes de valeur de la mangue au Burkina Faso sont concernées. The integrated assessment of agricultural value chains through economic, social and environmental analyses is aimed at providing the necessary and sufficient information to guide or support investment decisions in the context of sustainable development. These assessments are based on data collection and analyses of the organisation of these value chains, as well as on their stakeholders’ strategies. Access to information, the reliability of this information, and the general context in which these value chains evolve are key dimensions. The context can be an obstacle to investment decisions and the implementation of sectoral agricultural policies. Indeed, investing requires confidence in the future, since it implies debt, and therefore risk-taking and accountability. In order to mitigate this risk, investors require information and must be able to access it. In low-income countries, difficulties in applying regulatory texts and the lack of reliable information hamper the development of sustainable agricultural value chains, as well as the processes to assess them. We show how mango value chains in Burkina Faso are concerned.

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    Research@WUR; Perspective
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: David Brown; Sytze de Bruin; Kauê de Sousa; Catherine Abadie; +3 Authors

    AbstractSynthesis of crop trial data can generate insights that are not available from the analysis of individual studies, but such synthesis is often constrained by the heterogeneity of data among studies. Rank‐based data synthesis provides the flexibility to combine data of heterogeneous types and from different sources. We demonstrate the application of rank‐based data synthesis of heterogeneous trial data to assess the effect of climatic factors on the reaction of several Musa genotypes to black leaf streak disease (BLSD; caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis [sexual morph: Mycosphaerella fijiensis]). We aggregated data from the main public repositories of Musa trial data. We applied model‐based recursive partitioning with the Plackett–Luce model, using climatic data as covariates. The model identified the maximum length of the dry spell as the main variable influencing differences in genotypic response to BLSD, dividing the aggregated trial dataset into humid and dry environments. We found differences in the reaction of genotypes to BLSD between these environments. In humid environments, NARITA 8 was found to be the most resistant genotype, while in dry environments FHIA‐01 was the best performing improved genotype. We also assessed reliability, which is the probability of outperforming the reference genotype (Calcutta 4). In humid environments, NARITA 2, NARITA 8, and FHIA‐01 had the highest reliability, while in dry environments only the landrace Saba surpassed 50% reliability. The information generated by our data synthesis approach supports selecting Musa genotypes for further evaluations at new locations.

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    Lirias
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: Lirias
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    Agronomy Journal; Research@WUR
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agronomy Journal; Research@WUR
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Valentin, Sarah; Lancelot, Renaud; Roche, Mathieu;

    International audience; Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health surveillance. These systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal diseases. Automatically identifying news articles that describe the same outbreak event is a key step to quickly detect relevant epidemiological information while alleviating manual curation of news content. This paper addresses the task of retrieving news articles that are related in epidemiological terms. We tackle this issue using text mining and feature fusion methods. The main objective of this paper is to identify a textual representation in which two articles that share the same epidemiological content are closed. We compared two types of representations (i.e., features) to represent the documents: (i) morphosyntactic features (i.e., selection and transformation of all terms from the news, based on classical textual processing steps) and (ii) lexicosemantic features (i.e., selection, transformation and fusion of epidemiological terms including diseases, hosts, locations and dates). We compared two types of term weighing (i.e., Boolean and TF-IDF) for both representations. To combine and transform lexicosemantic features, we compared two data fusion techniques (i.e., early fusion and late fusion) and the effect of features generalisation, while evaluating the relative importance of each type of feature. We conducted our analysis using a corpus composed of a subset of news articles in English related to animal disease outbreaks. Our results showed that the combination of relevant lexicosemantic (epidemiological) features using fusion methods improves classical morphosyntactic representation in the context of disease-related news retrieval. The lexicosemantic representation based on TF-IDF and feature generalisation (F-measure = 0.92, r-precision = 0.58) outperformed the morphosyntactic representation (F-measure = 0.89, r-precision = 0.45), while reducing the features space. Converting the features into lower granular features (i.e., generalisation) contributed to improving the results of the lexicosemantic representation. Our results showed no difference between the early and late fusion approaches. Temporal features performed poorly on their own. Conversely, spatial features were the most discriminative features, highlighting the need for robust methods for spatial entity extraction, disambiguation and representation in internet-based surveillance systems.

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    Information Processing in Agriculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Information Processing in Agriculture
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    Authors: Kelemen, Eszter; Megyesi, Boldizsár; Matzdorf, Bettina; Andersen, Erling; +10 Authors

    International audience; Innovative agri-environmental contracts are increasingly studied in the literature, but their adoption has been relatively slow and geographically scattered. Action-based agri-environmental measures remain the predominant policy mechanism across Europe. A three-round Policy Delphi study was conducted with policy makers, scientific experts, farmers’ representatives, and NGOs from across 15 different European countries, to investigate how and under which circumstances novel contractual solutions could be implemented more widely. The expert panel perceived result-based and collective contractual elements as the most promising. Although considered beneficial from several aspects, value chain contracts were perceived less relevant to the policy environment. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Pillar 2 measures were highlighted by the experts as the key policy area to implement novel contracts by national or regional authorities, but Pillar 1 eco-schemes, being launched in the CAP 2023–2027, were also considered as a potentially suitable framework for testing and implementation. The Delphi panel envisaged innovative contracts should be adopted by governments in iterative steps and not as a complete substitute for current payment schemes, but rather as an additional incentive to them. Such an incremental approach allows contractual innovations to capitalise on existing best practices. But it also implies the risk that innovative contracts could remain marginal and fail to substantially change farmers’ behaviour, resulting in a failure to improve environmental conditions.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC
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    https://doi.org/10.15488/14098...
    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Iyabano, Aboubakar; Leeuwis, Cees; Lie, Rico; Toillier, Aurélie; +1 Authors

    There is a growing promotion of agroecological techniques in many Sub-Saharan African countries as a response to the current climatic variability challenges. In the case of Burkina Faso, a number of studies have mentioned the role of Farmers’ Organizations (FOs) in the promotion of agroecological techniques. Although previous studies have highlighted the role of FOs in agroecology, more detailed studies on the effectiveness of their intermediation activities and especially those focusing on the way the FOs influence farmers’ agroecological innovations decisions are still scarce. This study addresses this gap by providing the answer to the question of what drives farmers’ decisions to implement agroecological innovations and how their FOs influence these decisions. The results show that the implementation of agroecological innovations varies, with some farmers using many and others few of the innovations promoted by their respective FOs. Farmers’ implementation of these innovations is largely influenced by the actions of their FOs on at least one of the three drivers of individual motivation or innovation behavior (Vroom 1964): instrumentality, valence, and expectancy. Finally, the study calls for policy actors to increase funding support to FOs for widening their continuous provision of agroecology development activities.

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    Research@WUR; International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Research@WUR; International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Beda Innocent Adji; Véronique Letort; Xiujuan Wang; Mengzhen Kang; +7 Authors

    Seed size is a critical factor that can impact the regeneration process of plant populations. The objective of this study is to identify optimal seeds for the cultivation of two overexploited native forest species in Côte d’Ivoire, namely Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss., 1830 and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.BR. ex G. Don, 1830. A total of 1080 seeds per species were evaluated for germination and seedling vigour in two distinct environments (dry and humid) in Côte d’Ivoire. The results demonstrated that, for Khaya senegalensis, larger seeds exhibited higher germination rates, whereas for Parkia biglobosa, smaller and medium-sized seeds showed better germination performance. However, regardless of species and study site, larger seeds consistently produced more vigorous seedlings. In this case, pretreatment tests on large seeds of Parkia biglobosa can potentially enhance their germination performance. Large seeds, ranging from 0.25–0.37 g in Khaya senegalensis and 0.2–0.32 g in Parkia biglobosa, appear to be the most suitable and best candidates for high-quality, high-performance seeds to optimise the cultivation of these species in Côte d’Ivoire. Distributing such seeds to farmers can contribute to the success of reforestation and agroforestry programs involving these target species in Côte d’Ivoire. These findings contribute to the sustainable management of the target species and can serve as a basis for restructuring forest regeneration policies in Côte d’Ivoire.

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    Forests
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    Authors: J. A. González; Sawsan K. M. Yousif; L. E. Erazzu; L. Martínez Calsina; +14 Authors

    In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear.

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    Agronomy
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    Authors: Morgane Dendoncker; Simon Taugourdeau; Christian Messier; Caroline Vincke;

    International audience; The persistence of the woody vegetation of the Sahelian savannas, and their supported ecosystem functions, have been questioned since the great drought of 1970s–1980s. To assess the resilience of this vegetation to drought and grazing, we undertook a trait-based approach using field inventory, historical survey databases, and traits data literature. Using a hierarchical clustering approach, we gathered the species present from 1970 to 2015 into functional groups according to their effect traits related to primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles. First, we studied the evolution of functional redundancy (FRe) and response diversity (RDiv) of the functional effect groups to drought and grazing, two indicators of resilience, since the 1970s. Second, we looked at the spatial variation of these two indices in 2015, according to local topography. FRe and RDiv of 80% of the functional groups examined declined since 1970, endangering the persistence of the studied functions. Local topography strongly influenced current FRe and RDiv, with depressions presenting higher values. Finally, by examining species’ abundances, their regeneration, and the functional group to which they belong, we determined some key species that could benefit from protection to ensure the persistence of the ecosystem functions supported by the woody vegetation. This study has expanded knowledge about the savanna’s response to pressures and has shown how a functional traits-based approach could be an effective tool to guide the management of tropical savannas.

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    Forests
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      Forests
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rolland H. Yemadje; Hermione Koussihouèdé; Sylvain Rafflegeau;

    On Adja plateau, Benin, landowners evict tenants in order to replenish soil fertility through oil-palm fallowing. As a reaction, tenants use farmyard manure and mineral fertiliser, arguing that these practices restore soil fertility, allowing them to pursue land cropping. There is little information available on the impacts of these management practices on soil fertility and on land productivity, although this information is essential input for making recommendations about how to lessen land conflicts and improve the sustainability of land-management systems. This study used a synchronic approach, selecting 12 farmers' fields in villages typical of the region, eight and four of which, respectively, represent tenants' (cropping fields) and landowners' (fallows) soil fertility management strategies. An experimental plan was designed, combining different doses of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilisation to assess maize yields and soil fertility in cropped fields compared with fallows. The results showed no significant differences between treatments on cropped fields and fallows regarding N, C, and C:N. However, soil P and K were higher in the treated plots than in the fallows. Maize grain yields under farmyard manure application were better than grain yields under mineral fertiliser alone. In addition, a double dose of farmyard manure was revealed to exceed the mineral fertiliser effect alone. Fertiliser recommendations are provided for tenants' maize production, and trade-offs between sustainability and intensification are discussed. Finally, We suggest that farmyard manure application is a practice that can create a win-win situation for both sides provided that the two actors involved formalise the agreement so that drifts are controlled and plead for governments involvement in land conflict resolution by providing institutional flexibility regarding accounting for local practices such as farmyard manure application to enable the land leasing system to facilitate adaptive governance based on ecological intensification.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Research@WUR; Agroforestry Systems
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
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      Research@WUR; Agroforestry Systems
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Annaêl Barnes; Alexandre Ickowicz; Jean-Daniel Cesaro; Paulo Salgado; +3 Authors

    International audience; Biodiversity offsets aim to compensate the negative residual impacts of development projects on biodiversity, including ecosystem functions, uses by people and cultural values. Conceptually, ecosystem services (ES) should be considered, but in practice this integration rarely occurs. Their consideration would improve the societal impact of biodiversity offsets. However, the prioritisation of ES in a given area is still limited. We developed a framework for this purpose, applied in rangelands landscapes in Kazakhstan, in the context of uranium mining. We assumed that different landscapes provide different ES, and that stakeholders perceive ES according to their category (e.g., elders and herders) and gender. We performed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. Using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, we identified 300 ES in 31 classes across 8 landscape units. We produced a systemic representation of the provision of ES across the landscapes. We showed a significant link between ES and landscape units, but not between ES and stakeholder categories or gender. Stakeholders mostly identified ES according to the location of their villages. Therefore, we suggest that the biodiversity offsets should target ES provided by the landscape unit where mining activities occur and would be most interesting in the landscapes common to all villages. By performing a systemic representation, potential impacts of some offset strategies can be predicted. The framework was therefore effective in determining a bundle of ES at a landscape scale, and in prioritising them for future biodiversity offset plans.

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    Land
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Land
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    Authors: Laurent Parrot; Yannick Biard; Dieuwke Klaver; Edit Kabré; +1 Authors

    L’évaluation intégrée des filières agricoles par des analyses économiques, sociales et environnementales a pour finalité de fournir les informations nécessaires et suffisantes pour orienter ou appuyer les décisions d’investissement dans le cadre d’un développement durable. Ces évaluations s’appuient d’une part sur des collectes de données et des analyses sur l’organisation de ces filières et, d’autre part, sur la stratégie de leurs acteurs. L’accès aux informations, leur fiabilité, ainsi que le contexte général dans lequel ces filières évoluent sont des dimensions essentielles. Le contexte peut rendre difficiles les décisions d’investir et la mise en œuvre de politiques sectorielles agricoles. En effet, investir nécessite une confiance en l’avenir car cela implique un endettement, donc une prise de risque et une responsabilité. Afin d’atténuer ce risque, l’investisseur a besoin d’informations et doit pouvoir y accéder. Dans les pays à faible revenu, les difficultés à appliquer des textes réglementaires et l’absence d’informations fiables compliquent le développement de chaînes de valeur agricoles durables, ainsi que les démarches pour les évaluer. Nous montrons comment les chaînes de valeur de la mangue au Burkina Faso sont concernées. The integrated assessment of agricultural value chains through economic, social and environmental analyses is aimed at providing the necessary and sufficient information to guide or support investment decisions in the context of sustainable development. These assessments are based on data collection and analyses of the organisation of these value chains, as well as on their stakeholders’ strategies. Access to information, the reliability of this information, and the general context in which these value chains evolve are key dimensions. The context can be an obstacle to investment decisions and the implementation of sectoral agricultural policies. Indeed, investing requires confidence in the future, since it implies debt, and therefore risk-taking and accountability. In order to mitigate this risk, investors require information and must be able to access it. In low-income countries, difficulties in applying regulatory texts and the lack of reliable information hamper the development of sustainable agricultural value chains, as well as the processes to assess them. We show how mango value chains in Burkina Faso are concerned.

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    Research@WUR; Perspective
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Research@WUR; Perspective
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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