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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1515/978276...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • Authors: Arben Hajdari; Christophe J. Goddard;

    Les hommages à l'énigmatique dea Dard(…) manifestent une volonté typiquementromaine de signaler son respect d’une divinité locale, dans le cadre du contrôle dezones isolées mais stratégiques au cœur de la région illyrienne et de la province deMésie supérieure. Ces actes de piété traduisent une volonté des autorités romaines deconduire une action diplomatique auprès des populations locales, particulièrement auxabords des stationes parfois fort éloignées des légions et des officia dont ellesconstituaient un détachement. Ces dédicaces ne sauraient en tous les cas êtreconsidérées comme les preuves irréfutables de la résistance d’une identitédardanienne face à l’ordre romain. Elles laissent entendre bien-entendu que le culte deces divinités locales dont le nom nous échappe, avait survécu au cœur de la provincede Mésie supérieure. Le paradoxe tient au fait que nous connaissons mieux l’existencede ces divinités locales grâce aux hommages de militaires romains The tributes to the enigmatic dea Dard(...) show a typically Roman desire to signal one's respectfor a local deity, within the framework of the control of isolated but strategic areas in the heartof the Illyrian region and the province of Moesia superioris. These acts of piety reflect the desireon the part of the Roman authorities to carry out diplomatic action with the local population,particularly in the vicinity of the stationes, often away from the legions and officia of whichthey were a detachment. In any case, these dedications cannot be considered as irrefutable proofof the resistance of a Dardanian identity to the Roman order. They do, of course, suggest thatthe cult of these local and enigmatic deities had survived in the heart of the province of Moesiasuperioris. The paradox lies in the fact that we know more about the existence of these localdeities thanks to the tributes of Roman soldiers, even if their names remain unknown.

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    Authors: Alexandra A. de Sousa; Amélie Beaudet; Tanya Calvey; Ameline Bardo; +17 Authors

    AbstractFossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental and comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, and developmental plasticity. Through the application of interdisciplinary techniques to the fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on fossil brain organization and behaviors. Inferences about the development and physiology of the brains of extinct species can be experimentally investigated through brain organoids and transgenic models based on ancient DNA. Phylogenetic comparative methods integrate data across species and associate genotypes to phenotypes, and brains to behaviors. Meanwhile, fossil and archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. Through cooperation, the scientific community can accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves the availability of rare fossils and artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical data are available through online databases, along with tools for their measurement and analysis. In the context of these advances, the paleoneurological record provides ample opportunity for future research. Biomedical and ecological sciences can benefit from paleoneurology’s approach to understanding the mind as well as its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes and behavior.

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    Communications Biology
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Amsterdam UMC (VU Am...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Saadany, Hadeel; Mohamed, Emad; Sarwar, Raheem;

    Biographical writing is one of the earliest and most extensive forms of Arabic literature. Some scholars tend to assume that classical Arabic biographies, widely known as Tarāǧim, arose in conjunction with the study of the reliability of the Hadith transmitters (the reciters of the Prophet Mohammad's sayings) which lead to a proliferation of biographical material collected and used to assess the transmitter's trustworthiness . However, a scrutiny of the well-known classical Arabic biographical dictionaries such as Siyaru 'A`lāmi an-Nubalā' `The Lives of the Noble Figures' for Adh-Dhahabī shows that they extend their entries to other classes of persons important to the development of particular fields such as Islamic jurisprudents, rulers, poets, philosophers or physicians. The main contribution of Arabic biographical dictionaries is the cumulative value of the thousands of life histories which construct a picture of the Islamic society in different eras. An Arabic biographical dictionary, therefore, is predominantly used by scholars to look up an eminent person's achievements and historical background. In this project, however, we explore Arabic biographies as a prosopography, rather than a biography in the strict sense. We introduce a novel method for a better understanding of Arabic biographical dictionaries by creating a network of relations among different persons. We utilise Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to create a topological network from the unstructured data of 45,500 biographical entries collected from different dictionaries. We aim to illustrate how network analysis leveraged by NLP tools can provide scholars with innovative methods for discovering complex constellation of relations between prominent and non-prominent figures spanning over several eras and from different fields of knowledge. We also use graph visualisation as a means to effectively communicate and explore such complex constellations. Each network visualisation is purposefully designed to be as simple and robust as possible to offer scholars a way to move relatively fluidly between the large scale of biographical entries and to easily interpret the minute ties between persons of different walks of life. We make both our data and code publicly available for researchers to replicate the experiment. It can be found at:https://github.com/sadanyh/Relational-Network-for-Arabic-Tarajem

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    Episciences; Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Lozić, Edisa; Eichert, Stefan;

    prospection, et la nécessité d'un flux de travail de traitement des données spécifique à l'archéologie est bien établie. Cependant, l'interpolation, une étape importante dans laquelle une surface rastérisée est dérivée du nuage de points classifié, a reçu peu d'attention de la part des archéologues. Cette étape de traitement, également appelée rastérisation ou quadrillage, a un impact direct sur la précision et la qualité visuelle du modèle numérique d'élévation, mais reste un défi malgré de nombreuses études. De nombreuses études ont comparé la précision de différents interpolateurs avec des résultats contradictoires, mais très peu comparent la précision visuelle. De plus, il n'y a pas d'études spécifiques à l'archéologie. Cet article aborde ce problème en fournissant une évaluation visuelle de la précision spécifique à l'archéologie. Six des interpolateurs les plus couramment utilisés ont été testés sur quatre sites de test avec une utilisation innovante de la méthode d'évaluation triangulaire. Le krigeage était le meilleur interpolateur dans les zones sous-échantillonnées et la pondération de la distance inverse était loin derrière. Dans d'autres domaines, la triangulation avec interpolation linéaire était légèrement meilleure que le krigeage. Cependant, lorsque la disponibilité et les coûts de calcul sont également pris en compte, la pondération de distance inverse est l'interpolateur spécifique à l'archéologie le plus approprié. De plus, nous proposons un interpolateur hybride qui combine les atouts de la triangulation avec l'interpolation linéaire et la pondération de distance inverse (plug-in QGIS). The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well established. However, interpolation, an important step in which a rasterized surface is derived from the classified point cloud, has received little attention from archaeologists. This processing step, also known as rasterization or gridding, has a direct impact on the accuracy and visual quality of the digital elevation model, but remains a challenge despite numerous studies. Numerous studies have compared the accuracy of different interpolators with conflicting results, but very few compare the visual precision. Also, there are no archaeology-specific studies. This paper addresses this problem by providing an archaeology-specific visual assessment of precision. Six of the most commonly used interpolators were tested at four test sites with an innovative use of triangular assessment method. Kriging was the best interpolator in undersampled areas and inverse distance weighting was a distant second. In other areas, triangulation with linear interpolation was marginally better than Kriging. However, when availability and computational costs are also taken into account, inverse distance weighting is the most suitable archaeology-specific interpolator. In addition, we propose a hybrid interpolator that combines the strengths of triangulation with linear interpolation and inverse distance weighting (QGIS plug-in).

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    Journal of Archaeological Science Reports
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Bajrić, Samir;

    Défini comme l’une des parties du discours traditionnelles, l’article, « l’un des instruments odieux de notre grammaire » (Alexis François, La grammaire du purisme et l’académie française au 18ème siècle, Paris, Société Nouvelle de Librairie et d’Édition, p. 70) crée une véritable ligne de démarcation pour le phénomène langagier en tant qu’il divise les langues en deux catégories distinctes : langues avec article et langues sans article. Au-delà de la technicité grammaticale que créent le système d’article et l’absence d’article au sein du groupe nominal, cette étude permet de repenser la nécessité noologique et phénoménologique de cette classe de mot bien particulière. Il convient donc de s’interroger sur l’absence d’article dans des langues avec article (français, allemand, anglais, italien, macédonien, etc.) et sur l’« absence de tout » dans des langues sans article (croate, serbe, russe, turc, etc.). Au sein des langues dépourvues de tout système d’articles, un déterminant d'origine numérale s'apparente à l'article et, ce faisant, s'approprie une valeur d'adjectif indéfini : « (un) certain ». Les deux cas de figure ou, mieux encore, les deux voies qu'empruntent les langues concernées permettent d'enrichir le tenseur binaire en psychomécanique du langage, notamment en y ajoutant des extensités médianes, non réductibles à la traditionnelle échelle « article défini » - « article indéfini » – « article zéro ». This paper deals with all types of articles, their use and their “no-use“, as one of the traditional parts of speech, as “one of the odious instruments of our grammar" (Alexis François, La grammaire du purisme et l'Académie française au 18ème siècle, Paris, Société Nouvelle de Librairie et d’Édition, p. 70). It creates a real dividing line for the language phenomenon, because it divides languages into two distinct categories: languages with article and languages without article. Beyond the grammatical technicality created by the article system and the absence of article within the nominal group, this presentation allows us to rethink the noological and phenomenological necessity of this grammatical category. It is therefore necessary to wonder about the absence of articles in languages ​​with articles (French, German, English, Italian, Macedonian, etc.) and on the absence of articles in languages ​​without articles (Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Turkish, etc.). In languages ​​devoid of any article system, a determinant of numeral origin is related to the article. It appropriates an indefinite adjective value: “(a) certain”. Both possibilities or both ways to express articles in those languages ​make it possible to enrich the binary tensor in psychomechanics of language. It happens as soon as we add the median extensities, not reducible to the traditional scale known as “definite article” – “indefinite article” – “zero article”.

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    Corela
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Corela
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    Authors: Stéphane Ancel;

    International audience; This article connects two events that occurred in 1881: the arrival of four Coptic bishops in Ethiopia and the attempt by the Copts to remodel the Dayr al-Sultan monastery in Jerusalem. First, connecting these two events contradicts the idea that the Copts agreed to appoint four bishops without any compensation – on the contrary they sought a compensation in Jerusalem. Second, it sheds light on Yohannes' diplomatic policy, which enabled him to thwart the Coptic ambitions in Jerusalem and to kill two birds with one stone: he obtained four Coptic bishops, while preserving the rights of the Ethiopians in Jerusalem, and this without any compensation to be given in exchange to the Copts or anyone else. This article shows that behind a friendship demonstrated at the time by Ethiopians and Copts were hidden elements of deep discord. It therefore suggests the need, in the future, to rethink the place to be given to the 1881 agreement in the history of relations between Copts and Ethiopians and its influence on subsequent events.

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    Aethiopica
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fischer, Svante; Hannes Graf, Martin; Fossurier, Carole; Châtelet, Madeleine; +1 Authors

    International audience; This article presents a Merovingian Period silver spoon that was recently discovered in an opulent female chamber grave in the “Niederfeld” row grave cemetery of Ichtratzheim (Bas-Rhin). The spoon has no less than three different inscriptions, one in seriffed Latin capitals and two in runes. The first contains a Latin male personal name, Matteus, the second a previously unattested runic lapela ‘spoon’, and the third a sequence abuda, presumably a female personal name. This makes it the second known example of an inscribed object with both runes and Latin from Merovingian Period Gaul. From a runological perspective, this is one of the most important discoveries in recent times because it contains the oldest known case of a linguistically meaningful runic inscription using the rare p-rune and some very archaic linguistic forms. From an archaeological perspective, this is one of the richest known Merovingian Period female burials in Alsace, and it is very likely that the buried woman may have been a leading member of the local elite.

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    The Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Giavarini, Laurence;

    International audience; This contribution examines how Scarron’s Le Roman comique (1651) comes under the Fronde as an “event of writings”. By examining how the name of “Scarron” appeared in the mazarinades, by showing the processes of “littérarisation” and the critical discourses at work in texts that have been assigned to the exclusive genre of lampoons, it shows how Scarron controlled the complex field in which the burlesque uses of writing were displayed and how Scarron politically invested in this field. From there on, the publication of the Roman comique is reconstruded within the framework of clientele networks highly activated by certain political actors of the Fronde. The article thus considers how the novel took part in the social energy of the literary at the heart of the disorder of the time.; Cet article interroge la façon dont Le Roman comique (1651) de Scarron appartient à la Fronde comme événement d’écritures. En revenant sur la place du nom de « Scarron » dans les mazarinades, en montrant les processus de littérarisation et les discours critiques à l’œuvre dans des textes qui sont assignés au seul genre d’écrire des libelles, il montre la maîtrise que Scarron a du champ complexe où se déploient les usages burlesques de l’écriture et son investissement politique dans ce champ. À partir de là, la publication du Roman comique est ressaisie dans la question des réseaux clientélaires qui ont été fortement activés par certains acteurs politiques de la Fronde. L’article réfléchit ainsi à la participation du roman à l’énergie sociale du littéraire au cœur du désordre du temps.

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    Pratiques & Formes Littéraires 16-18
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

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    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1515/978276...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Arben Hajdari; Christophe J. Goddard;

    Les hommages à l'énigmatique dea Dard(…) manifestent une volonté typiquementromaine de signaler son respect d’une divinité locale, dans le cadre du contrôle dezones isolées mais stratégiques au cœur de la région illyrienne et de la province deMésie supérieure. Ces actes de piété traduisent une volonté des autorités romaines deconduire une action diplomatique auprès des populations locales, particulièrement auxabords des stationes parfois fort éloignées des légions et des officia dont ellesconstituaient un détachement. Ces dédicaces ne sauraient en tous les cas êtreconsidérées comme les preuves irréfutables de la résistance d’une identitédardanienne face à l’ordre romain. Elles laissent entendre bien-entendu que le culte deces divinités locales dont le nom nous échappe, avait survécu au cœur de la provincede Mésie supérieure. Le paradoxe tient au fait que nous connaissons mieux l’existencede ces divinités locales grâce aux hommages de militaires romains The tributes to the enigmatic dea Dard(...) show a typically Roman desire to signal one's respectfor a local deity, within the framework of the control of isolated but strategic areas in the heartof the Illyrian region and the province of Moesia superioris. These acts of piety reflect the desireon the part of the Roman authorities to carry out diplomatic action with the local population,particularly in the vicinity of the stationes, often away from the legions and officia of whichthey were a detachment. In any case, these dedications cannot be considered as irrefutable proofof the resistance of a Dardanian identity to the Roman order. They do, of course, suggest thatthe cult of these local and enigmatic deities had survived in the heart of the province of Moesiasuperioris. The paradox lies in the fact that we know more about the existence of these localdeities thanks to the tributes of Roman soldiers, even if their names remain unknown.

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    Authors: Alexandra A. de Sousa; Amélie Beaudet; Tanya Calvey; Ameline Bardo; +17 Authors

    AbstractFossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental and comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, and developmental plasticity. Through the application of interdisciplinary techniques to the fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on fossil brain organization and behaviors. Inferences about the development and physiology of the brains of extinct species can be experimentally investigated through brain organoids and transgenic models based on ancient DNA. Phylogenetic comparative methods integrate data across species and associate genotypes to phenotypes, and brains to behaviors. Meanwhile, fossil and archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. Through cooperation, the scientific community can accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves the availability of rare fossils and artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical data are available through online databases, along with tools for their measurement and analysis. In the context of these advances, the paleoneurological record provides ample opportunity for future research. Biomedical and ecological sciences can benefit from paleoneurology’s approach to understanding the mind as well as its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes and behavior.

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    Communications Biology
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      Communications Biology
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    Authors: Saadany, Hadeel; Mohamed, Emad; Sarwar, Raheem;

    Biographical writing is one of the earliest and most extensive forms of Arabic literature. Some scholars tend to assume that classical Arabic biographies, widely known as Tarāǧim, arose in conjunction with the study of the reliability of the Hadith transmitters (the reciters of the Prophet Mohammad's sayings) which lead to a proliferation of biographical material collected and used to assess the transmitter's trustworthiness . However, a scrutiny of the well-known classical Arabic biographical dictionaries such as Siyaru 'A`lāmi an-Nubalā' `The Lives of the Noble Figures' for Adh-Dhahabī shows that they extend their entries to other classes of persons important to the development of particular fields such as Islamic jurisprudents, rulers, poets, philosophers or physicians. The main contribution of Arabic biographical dictionaries is the cumulative value of the thousands of life histories which construct a picture of the Islamic society in different eras. An Arabic biographical dictionary, therefore, is predominantly used by scholars to look up an eminent person's achievements and historical background. In this project, however, we explore Arabic biographies as a prosopography, rather than a biography in the strict sense. We introduce a novel method for a better understanding of Arabic biographical dictionaries by creating a network of relations among different persons. We utilise Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to create a topological network from the unstructured data of 45,500 biographical entries collected from different dictionaries. We aim to illustrate how network analysis leveraged by NLP tools can provide scholars with innovative methods for discovering complex constellation of relations between prominent and non-prominent figures spanning over several eras and from different fields of knowledge. We also use graph visualisation as a means to effectively communicate and explore such complex constellations. Each network visualisation is purposefully designed to be as simple and robust as possible to offer scholars a way to move relatively fluidly between the large scale of biographical entries and to easily interpret the minute ties between persons of different walks of life. We make both our data and code publicly available for researchers to replicate the experiment. It can be found at:https://github.com/sadanyh/Relational-Network-for-Arabic-Tarajem

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    Episciences; Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Lozić, Edisa; Eichert, Stefan;

    prospection, et la nécessité d'un flux de travail de traitement des données spécifique à l'archéologie est bien établie. Cependant, l'interpolation, une étape importante dans laquelle une surface rastérisée est dérivée du nuage de points classifié, a reçu peu d'attention de la part des archéologues. Cette étape de traitement, également appelée rastérisation ou quadrillage, a un impact direct sur la précision et la qualité visuelle du modèle numérique d'élévation, mais reste un défi malgré de nombreuses études. De nombreuses études ont comparé la précision de différents interpolateurs avec des résultats contradictoires, mais très peu comparent la précision visuelle. De plus, il n'y a pas d'études spécifiques à l'archéologie. Cet article aborde ce problème en fournissant une évaluation visuelle de la précision spécifique à l'archéologie. Six des interpolateurs les plus couramment utilisés ont été testés sur quatre sites de test avec une utilisation innovante de la méthode d'évaluation triangulaire. Le krigeage était le meilleur interpolateur dans les zones sous-échantillonnées et la pondération de la distance inverse était loin derrière. Dans d'autres domaines, la triangulation avec interpolation linéaire était légèrement meilleure que le krigeage. Cependant, lorsque la disponibilité et les coûts de calcul sont également pris en compte, la pondération de distance inverse est l'interpolateur spécifique à l'archéologie le plus approprié. De plus, nous proposons un interpolateur hybride qui combine les atouts de la triangulation avec l'interpolation linéaire et la pondération de distance inverse (plug-in QGIS). The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well established. However, interpolation, an important step in which a rasterized surface is derived from the classified point cloud, has received little attention from archaeologists. This processing step, also known as rasterization or gridding, has a direct impact on the accuracy and visual quality of the digital elevation model, but remains a challenge despite numerous studies. Numerous studies have compared the accuracy of different interpolators with conflicting results, but very few compare the visual precision. Also, there are no archaeology-specific studies. This paper addresses this problem by providing an archaeology-specific visual assessment of precision. Six of the most commonly used interpolators were tested at four test sites with an innovative use of triangular assessment method. Kriging was the best interpolator in undersampled areas and inverse distance weighting was a distant second. In other areas, triangulation with linear interpolation was marginally better than Kriging. However, when availability and computational costs are also taken into account, inverse distance weighting is the most suitable archaeology-specific interpolator. In addition, we propose a hybrid interpolator that combines the strengths of triangulation with linear interpolation and inverse distance weighting (QGIS plug-in).

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    Journal of Archaeological Science Reports
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Bajrić, Samir;

    Défini comme l’une des parties du discours traditionnelles, l’article, « l’un des instruments odieux de notre grammaire » (Alexis François, La grammaire du purisme et l’académie française au 18ème siècle, Paris, Société Nouvelle de Librairie et d’Édition, p. 70) crée une véritable ligne de démarcation pour le phénomène langagier en tant qu’il divise les langues en deux catégories distinctes : langues avec article et langues sans article. Au-delà de la technicité grammaticale que créent le système d’article et l’absence d’article au sein du groupe nominal, cette étude permet de repenser la nécessité noologique et phénoménologique de cette classe de mot bien particulière. Il convient donc de s’interroger sur l’absence d’article dans des langues avec article (français, allemand, anglais, italien, macédonien, etc.) et sur l’« absence de tout » dans des langues sans article (croate, serbe, russe, turc, etc.). Au sein des langues dépourvues de tout système d’articles, un déterminant d'origine numérale s'apparente à l'article et, ce faisant, s'approprie une valeur d'adjectif indéfini : « (un) certain ». Les deux cas de figure ou, mieux encore, les deux voies qu'empruntent les langues concernées permettent d'enrichir le tenseur binaire en psychomécanique du langage, notamment en y ajoutant des extensités médianes, non réductibles à la traditionnelle échelle « article défini » - « article indéfini » – « article zéro ». This paper deals with all types of articles, their use and their “no-use“, as one of the traditional parts of speech, as “one of the odious instruments of our grammar" (Alexis François, La grammaire du purisme et l'Académie française au 18ème siècle, Paris, Société Nouvelle de Librairie et d’Édition, p. 70). It creates a real dividing line for the language phenomenon, because it divides languages into two distinct categories: languages with article and languages without article. Beyond the grammatical technicality created by the article system and the absence of article within the nominal group, this presentation allows us to rethink the noological and phenomenological necessity of this grammatical category. It is therefore necessary to wonder about the absence of articles in languages ​​with articles (French, German, English, Italian, Macedonian, etc.) and on the absence of articles in languages ​​without articles (Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Turkish, etc.). In languages ​​devoid of any article system, a determinant of numeral origin is related to the article. It appropriates an indefinite adjective value: “(a) certain”. Both possibilities or both ways to express articles in those languages ​make it possible to enrich the binary tensor in psychomechanics of language. It happens as soon as we add the median extensities, not reducible to the traditional scale known as “definite article” – “indefinite article” – “zero article”.

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    Corela
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      Corela
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    Authors: Stéphane Ancel;

    International audience; This article connects two events that occurred in 1881: the arrival of four Coptic bishops in Ethiopia and the attempt by the Copts to remodel the Dayr al-Sultan monastery in Jerusalem. First, connecting these two events contradicts the idea that the Copts agreed to appoint four bishops without any compensation – on the contrary they sought a compensation in Jerusalem. Second, it sheds light on Yohannes' diplomatic policy, which enabled him to thwart the Coptic ambitions in Jerusalem and to kill two birds with one stone: he obtained four Coptic bishops, while preserving the rights of the Ethiopians in Jerusalem, and this without any compensation to be given in exchange to the Copts or anyone else. This article shows that behind a friendship demonstrated at the time by Ethiopians and Copts were hidden elements of deep discord. It therefore suggests the need, in the future, to rethink the place to be given to the 1881 agreement in the history of relations between Copts and Ethiopians and its influence on subsequent events.

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    Aethiopica
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    Authors: Fischer, Svante; Hannes Graf, Martin; Fossurier, Carole; Châtelet, Madeleine; +1 Authors

    International audience; This article presents a Merovingian Period silver spoon that was recently discovered in an opulent female chamber grave in the “Niederfeld” row grave cemetery of Ichtratzheim (Bas-Rhin). The spoon has no less than three different inscriptions, one in seriffed Latin capitals and two in runes. The first contains a Latin male personal name, Matteus, the second a previously unattested runic lapela ‘spoon’, and the third a sequence abuda, presumably a female personal name. This makes it the second known example of an inscribed object with both runes and Latin from Merovingian Period Gaul. From a runological perspective, this is one of the most important discoveries in recent times because it contains the oldest known case of a linguistically meaningful runic inscription using the rare p-rune and some very archaic linguistic forms. From an archaeological perspective, this is one of the richest known Merovingian Period female burials in Alsace, and it is very likely that the buried woman may have been a leading member of the local elite.

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    The Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Giavarini, Laurence;

    International audience; This contribution examines how Scarron’s Le Roman comique (1651) comes under the Fronde as an “event of writings”. By examining how the name of “Scarron” appeared in the mazarinades, by showing the processes of “littérarisation” and the critical discourses at work in texts that have been assigned to the exclusive genre of lampoons, it shows how Scarron controlled the complex field in which the burlesque uses of writing were displayed and how Scarron politically invested in this field. From there on, the publication of the Roman comique is reconstruded within the framework of clientele networks highly activated by certain political actors of the Fronde. The article thus considers how the novel took part in the social energy of the literary at the heart of the disorder of the time.; Cet article interroge la façon dont Le Roman comique (1651) de Scarron appartient à la Fronde comme événement d’écritures. En revenant sur la place du nom de « Scarron » dans les mazarinades, en montrant les processus de littérarisation et les discours critiques à l’œuvre dans des textes qui sont assignés au seul genre d’écrire des libelles, il montre la maîtrise que Scarron a du champ complexe où se déploient les usages burlesques de l’écriture et son investissement politique dans ce champ. À partir de là, la publication du Roman comique est ressaisie dans la question des réseaux clientélaires qui ont été fortement activés par certains acteurs politiques de la Fronde. L’article réfléchit ainsi à la participation du roman à l’énergie sociale du littéraire au cœur du désordre du temps.

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    Pratiques & Formes Littéraires 16-18
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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