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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Beck, P.; Meslin, P.Y.; Fau, A.; Forni, O.; +14 Authors

    International audience; Onboard NASA's Curiosity rover, the ChemCam LIBS instrument has provided a wealth of information on the chemistry of rocks within Gale crater. Here, we use ChemCam in order to search for carbonates among the >3500 individual targets analyzed by this instrument. Because the carbon-lines are a combination of signal from the CO2-rich atmosphere and possible carbon from the targets, we developed a laboratory-based univariate calibration obtained under Mars-like atmosphere. We measured different type of carbon-bearing samples (sediments, coals, carbonates) and their mixture with a basaltic powder. Based on this work, the preferred approach to qualitatively assess carbon under a CO2-rich atmosphere is to use a ratio to an oxygen line (777 nm) and the estimated limit of detection for carbon in a single LIBS point are found to be of 4.5 wt% and 6.9 wt% for reduced and organic carbon, respectively. Considering carbonate, this LOD correspond to about 50 wt% carbonate in the analyzed volume.Analysis of data obtained on Mars by ChemCam up to sol 3350 reveals the presence of a correlation between the intensity of carbon and oxygen lines, as observed in the laboratory, confirming that most carbon signal is related to ionization of the atmosphere. Some variability in the carbon signal appears related to the physical state of the atmosphere (density, temperature).Based on a combined analysis of carbon lines and major element compositions (Ca, Fe, Mg), there was no detection of carbonate in the ChemCam dataset up to sol 3355. Therefore, we conclude that carbonate was not present as a major constituent (>50%) in the ChemCam LIBS targets, and that soils are not enriched in carbon beyond the limit of detection. The dominant salts present are sulfate, chlorides, and the lack of carbonates in Gale, while observed in Jezero, may at least partly be related to a difference in protolith.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Icarus; DLR publicat...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Icarus; DLR publicat...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Icarus; DLR publication server
      Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: S. P. Hesselbo; A. Al-Suwaidi; S. J. Baker; G. Ballabio; +71 Authors

    Abstract. Drilling for the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Early Jurassic Earth System and Timescale project (JET) was undertaken between October 2020 and January 2021. The drill site is situated in a small-scale synformal basin of the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic age that formed above the major Permian–Triassic half-graben system of the Cheshire Basin. The borehole is located to recover an expanded and complete succession to complement the legacy core from the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole drilled through 1967–1969 on the edge of the Cardigan Bay Basin, North Wales. The overall aim of the project is to construct an astronomically calibrated integrated timescale for the Early Jurassic and to provide insights into the operation of the Early Jurassic Earth system. Core of Quaternary age cover and Early Jurassic mudstone was obtained from two shallow partially cored geotechnical holes (Prees 2A to 32.2 m below surface (m b.s.) and Prees 2B to 37.0 m b.s.) together with Early Jurassic and Late Triassic mudstone from the principal hole, Prees 2C, which was cored from 32.92 to 651.32 m (corrected core depth scale). Core recovery was 99.7 % for Prees 2C. The ages of the recovered stratigraphy range from the Late Triassic (probably Rhaetian) to the Early Jurassic, Early Pliensbachian (Ibex Ammonoid Chronozone). All ammonoid chronozones have been identified for the drilled Early Jurassic strata. The full lithological succession comprises the Branscombe Mudstone and Blue Anchor formations of the Mercia Mudstone Group, the Westbury and Lilstock formations of the Penarth Group, and the Redcar Mudstone Formation of the Lias Group. A distinct interval of siltstone is recognized within the Late Sinemurian of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, and the name “Prees Siltstone Member” is proposed. Depositional environments range from playa lake in the Late Triassic to distal offshore marine in the Early Jurassic. Initial datasets compiled from the core include radiography, natural gamma ray, density, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). A full suite of downhole logs was also run. Intervals of organic carbon enrichment occur in the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) Westbury Formation and in the earliest Hettangian and earliest Pliensbachian strata of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, where up to 4 % total organic carbon (TOC) is recorded. Other parts of the succession are generally organic-lean, containing less than 1 % TOC. Carbon-isotope values from bulk organic matter have also been determined, initially at a resolution of ∼ 1 m, and these provide the basis for detailed correlation between the Prees 2 succession and adjacent boreholes and Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) outcrops. Multiple complementary studies are currently underway and preliminary results promise an astronomically calibrated biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy for the combined Prees and Mochras successions as well as insights into the dynamics of background processes and major palaeo-environmental changes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jagiellonian Univers...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Scientific Drilling (SD)
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Scientific Drilling (SD)
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jagiellonian Univers...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Scientific Drilling (SD)
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Scientific Drilling (SD)
      Other literature type . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Luyt, Julie; +2 Authors

    International audience; The Beaufort Group of the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa provides an uninterrupted record of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from the Middle Permian to the Middle Triassic and covers an area of approximately 200,000 km2, about 20% of the country's surface area. A diverse range of vertebrate taxa including fish, therapsids, amphibians, archosauromorphs and parareptiles, has been recovered from this rock succession and provides an ideal sampleset to investigate temporal and geographical variations of local hydrology using stable isotopes. Questions relating to temporal and biological variations in oxygen stable isotope ratios of apatite phosphate (δ18Op) in Beaufort tetrapod taxa have previously been addressed, but geographic variation of bioapatite-recorded δ18Op across the Permo-Triassic of South Africa has not yet been studied. Here we highlight variations in δ18Op recorded over a large geographic spread in the Karoo basin for four Permo-Triassic vertebrate assemblage zones (AZ). Tetrapods, mainly therapsids, were sampled from two Permian (Cistecephalus AZ and Daptocephalus AZ) and two Triassic biozones (Lystrosaurus declivis AZ and Cynognathus AZ). For each of these biozones, fossils were sampled from several localities and their δ18Op values compared. Results from the Permian data showed no isotopic difference in apatite from localities divided by longitude 24°. Isotopic differences seem to appear further east in the Basin. Most of the Permian localities (restricted to the south-western part of the Basin) were under the influence of a water system originating from the southern mountainous source terrain. Oxygen isotope compositions of vertebrates from the Lystrosaurus declivis AZ show a significant latitudinal gradient interpreted as an evaporation effect from a southern source in the mountains running toward the north. The Basin during the Cynognathus AZ was under a similar pattern with an evaporation effect highlighted with lower δ18O values in the south and higher in the north.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Treiman, Allan H.; Lanza, Nina L.; VanBommel, Scott; Berger, Jeff; +47 Authors

    The MSL Curiosity rover investigated dark, Mn-P-enriched nodules in shallow lacustrine/fluvial sediments at the Groken site in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars. Applying all relevant information from the rover, the nodules are interpreted as pseudomorphs after original crystals of vivianite, (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O, that cemented the sediment soon after deposition. The nodules appear to have flat faces and linear boundaries and stand above the surrounding siltstone. ChemCam LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectrometry) shows that the nodules have MnO abundances approximately twenty times those of the surrounding siltstone matrix, contain little CaO, and have SiO2 and Al2O3 abundances similar to those of the siltstone. A deconvolution of APXS analyses of nodule-bearing targets, interpreted here as representing the nodules’ non-silicate components, shows high concentrations of MnO, P2O5, and FeO and a molar ratio P/Mn = 2. Visible to near-infrared reflectance of the nodules (by ChemCam passive and Mastcam multispectral) is dark and relatively flat, consistent with a mixture of host siltstone, hematite, and a dark spectrally bland material (like pyrolusite, MnO2). A drill sample at the site is shown to contain minimal nodule material, implying that analyses by the CheMin and SAM instruments do not constrain the nodules’ mineralogy or composition. The fact that the nodules contain P and Mn in a small molar integer ratio, P/Mn = 2, suggests that the nodules contained a stoichiometric Mn-phosphate mineral, in which Fe did (i.e., could) not substitute for Mn. The most likely such minerals are laueite and strunzite, Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O and –6H2O, respectively, which occur on Earth as alteration products of other Mn-bearing phosphates including vivianite. Vivianite is a common primary and diagenetic precipitate from low-oxygen, P-enriched waters. Calculated phase equilibria show Mn-bearing vivianite could be replaced by laueite or strunzite and then by hematite plus pyrolusite as the system became more oxidizing and acidic. These data suggest that the nodules originated as vivianite, forming as euhedral crystals in the sediment, enclosing sediment grains as they grew. After formation, the nodules were oxidized—first to laueite/strunzite yielding the diagnostic P/Mn ratio, and then to hematite plus an undefined Mn oxy-hydroxide (like pyrolusite). The limited occurrence of these Mn-Fe-P nodules, both in space and time (i.e., stratigraphic position), suggests a local control on their origin. By terrestrial analogies, it is possible that the nodules precipitated near a spring or seep of Mn-rich water, generated during alteration of olivine in the underlying sediments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mineralsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Minerals
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DLR publication server
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mineralsarrow_drop_down
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      Minerals
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Alex Hughes; Javier Escartín; Jeremy Billant; Frédérique Leclerc; +17 Authors

    AbstractThe seismic hazard posed by submarine faults and the capacity of submarine earthquakes to trigger mass wasting are poorly understood because we lack detailed characterizations of coseismic ruptures at the seafloor. Here, we present comprehensive mapping of a seafloor rupture caused by the 2004Mw6.3 Les Saintes earthquake on the Roseau normal fault in the Lesser Antilles. We report the visual characteristics, displacement profile, and note pronounced asymmetry of the rupture that bears similarities with well-studied subaerial normal fault ruptures. We also identify footwall-derived mass wasted debris that locally cover the coseismic rupture, and show that ground accelerations of 0.1–0.2 g can trigger submarine mass wasting events in well consolidated bedrock along unstable, over-steepened, scarps. Our study demonstrates the potential of underwater vehicles for detailed mapping of seafloor ruptures and hints at a key role for earthquakes in shaping submarine bedrock landscapes by triggering mass wasting events.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Communications Earth...arrow_drop_down
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    Communications Earth & Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bruno Reynard; Xin Zhong;

    An experimental calibration of the shifts of three major Raman peaks of quartz with hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial differential stress is presented, and implications for their use in geobarometry based on Raman spectroscopy of quartz inclusions are discussed. The position of the 206 cm−1 peak depends only on hydrostatic pressure P, and its pressure dependence is recalibrated with a peak-fitting procedure that is more adequate for Raman barometry than previous calibrations. The position of the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks depends on P and also on differential stress σ, which can be determined from the position of these two peaks knowing hydrostatic pressure from the position of the 206 cm−1 peak. The results obtained here are different from those inferred previously from first-principles calculations. The present calibration provides direct relationships between Raman shifts and stress, with a simple formulation of residual pressure and differential stress assuming uniaxial stress along the c axis of quartz inclusions. It is tested on data from experimental and natural inclusions. Residual pressures from the present calibration are similar within uncertainties to those obtained with previous experimental calibrations. Residual differential stresses obtained from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are very sensitive to the precision of Raman measurements. Experimental inclusions yield residual pressures consistent with synthesis pressure. Differential stresses obtained on some experimental inclusions are sometimes incompatible, providing a criterion for identifying inclusions under complex stress conditions that are not appropriate for geobarometry. Recent data on natural inclusions show self-consistent differential stress, consistent with the assumption of major stress along the symmetry axis of the inclusion crystals. The average pressure values from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are similar to the residual pressure from the 206 cm−1 peak that depends only on hydrostatic pressure. It can be used to obtain pressure when the 206 cm−1 peak position cannot be used due to interference with host mineral peaks. Using the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks alone, or averaging either 128 and 206 or 206 and 464 cm−1 peaks, can induce systematic bias in the residual pressure determination. Applications of the present results to natural inclusions suggest that combined determination of residual pressure and differential stress may be used for both barometry and thermometry pending further calibration.

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    Solid Earth (SE)
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    https://doi.org/10.17169/refub...
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    License: CC BY
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    The Cretaceous marine sedimentary record is characterized by time intervals rich in organic matter correlating with positive carbon isotope excursions, often called oceanic anoxic events. The Weissert Event corresponds to the first such event in the Cretaceous during the Valanginian stage. The associated palaeoenvironmental perturbations, which include increasing marine surface water primary productivity, are hypothesized to have been triggered by volcanic activity from large igneous provinces, and the source of nutrients is not well constrained (continental runoff v. oceanic upwelling). We present isotope ratios of Pb, Sr and Nd, together with concentrations of major and trace elements, for sediments from the central Moroccan margin to test these hypotheses. We demonstrate that the nutrient input was dominated by continental weathering. The source of sedimentary material remained stable during the Valanginian interval and originated from an old source, probably the African Sahara region. The radiogenic isotope signatures do not show a significant contribution of volcanic products from any known Valanginian large igneous province to the geochemical budget of sediments deposited on the central Moroccan margin. Although this does not preclude an impact of volcanic activity on the composition of seawater, it demonstrates that the erupted volumes were not sufficient to affect the deposited sediments. Supplementary material: The Supplementary Table contains three sheets: (1) Central Moroccan Margin, the analytical data generated and analysed during this study; (2) Fig. 8 data, large igneous provinces, the data of known Valanginian large igneous provinces used for comparison; and (3) Fig. 9 and S5 data, source areas, the data of potential surrounding source areas used for comparison, available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6333040 .

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    Journal of the Geological Society
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    Authors: Bertrand Lefebvre; J. Javier Álvaro; Josep Maria Casas; Jean-François Ghienne; +7 Authors

    The Ordovician successions of France and neighbouring areas of Belgium and Germany are reviewed and correlated based on international chronostratigraphic and regional biostratigraphic charts. The same three megasequences related to the rift, drift and docking of Avalonia with Baltica can be tracked in Belgium and neighbouring areas (Brabant Massif and Ardenne inliers), western (Rhenish Massif) and northeastern Germany (Rügen). The remaining investigated areas were part of Gondwana in the Ordovician. The Armorican Massif shares with the Iberian Peninsula a Furongian–Early Ordovician gap (Toledanian or Norman gap), and a continuous Mid–Late Ordovician shelf sedimentation. The Occitan Domain (Montagne Noire and Mouthoumet massifs), eastern Pyrenees and northwestern Corsica share with southwestern Sardinia continuous shelf sedimentation in the Early Ordovician, and a Mid Ordovician ‘Sardic gap’. In the Ordovician, the Maures Massif probably belonged to the same Sardo-Occitan domain. The Vosges and Schwarzwald massifs display compa-rable, poorly preserved Ordovician successions, suggesting affinities with the Teplá-Barrandian and/or Molda-nubian zones of Central Europe. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) projects 653 "The onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event" and 735 “Rocks and the Rise of Ordovician Life: Filling knowledge gaps in the Early Palaeozoic Biodiversification". The authors are particularly grateful to Annalisa Ferretti, David A.T. Harper and Petr Kraft for their careful and constructive reviews, comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality and relevance of the paper.

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    Authors: Maxime Renaud; Bertrand Lefebvre; Denis Bailliot; Marie-Noëlle Bailliot; +3 Authors

    The mid-Ordovician mitrocystitid mitrate Mitrocystella incipiens was one of the most widespread stylophorans in the high latitude Mediterranean Province, with occurrences in the Armorican Massif (France), the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and the Prague Basin (Czech Republic), all restricted so far to the late Darriwilian (Hustedograptus teretiusculus Zone). The description of this taxon in the Corréjou Member (Postolonnec Formation) of the Crozon Peninsula (western Brittany, France) not only extends its spatial distribution within the Armorican Massif, but also its stratigraphic range into the mid-Darriwilian (Didymograptus artusZone). The remarkable preser­vation of the new material and associated sedimentological evidence both suggest rapid burial by storm deposits.

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    DOAJ; Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
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    Authors: Herrmann, Lou; Aschan-Leygonie, Christina;

    Les controverses citoyennes autour des mesures de la qualité de l’air sont fréquentes dans certains lieux et l’une des explications se trouve être les importants écarts entre ressentis et mesures de la qualité de l’air. Ces controverses témoignent de l’enjeu social et sanitaire lié à cette question et le fait que la pollution de l’air place les populations dans une « ambiguïté perceptive ». L’article interroge la place de la connaissance dans les mécanismes de perception de la qualité de l’air. Dans cette perspective, les Associations agréées de surveillance de la qualité de l'air (AASQA), doivent relever un défi de taille : traduire des connaissances scientifiques complexes en une information lisible et appropriable entrant parfois en contradiction avec les perceptions sensorielles. Suite à la création par Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes d’une application mobile, Air To Go, diffusant un indice quotidien de qualité de l’air géolocalisé à une échelle d’une précision de 10 mètres, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont l’accès à des informations à une échelle très précise modifie les représentations de la pollution en atténuant le filtre perceptif. Les résultats montrent la nécessité de nuancer l’influence du filtre perceptif sur les représentations de la pollution atmosphérique, à la fois pour améliorer la perception des risques, mais aussi pour changer in fine les comportements en termes d’exposition et d’émission de polluants. Locally, controversies concerning air quality measurements are frequent and a major explanation is the large discrepancies between perceptions and quantitative measurements. These controversies show the importance of social and health issues linked to this question and the fact that air pollution often implies a "perceptual ambiguity". In this paper, we discuss the place of knowledge in the mechanisms of perception of air quality. In this perspective, the French Approved Air Quality Surveillance Associations (AASQA), face a major challenge: translating complex scientific knowledge into comprehensive and appropriable information that sometimes contradicts sensory perceptions. Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AASQA) has developed a mobile application, Air To Go, that provides data describing air quality with high geographical accuracy (10 meters) and we are investigating in how access to very precise information might modify the individual perception of air pollution. The results show that there is a need to characterise the influence of the perceptual filter on the in the way individuals view air quality, both to improve the perception of risks and to change individual behavior in terms of exposure and emission of pollutants. International audience

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      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Beck, P.; Meslin, P.Y.; Fau, A.; Forni, O.; +14 Authors

    International audience; Onboard NASA's Curiosity rover, the ChemCam LIBS instrument has provided a wealth of information on the chemistry of rocks within Gale crater. Here, we use ChemCam in order to search for carbonates among the >3500 individual targets analyzed by this instrument. Because the carbon-lines are a combination of signal from the CO2-rich atmosphere and possible carbon from the targets, we developed a laboratory-based univariate calibration obtained under Mars-like atmosphere. We measured different type of carbon-bearing samples (sediments, coals, carbonates) and their mixture with a basaltic powder. Based on this work, the preferred approach to qualitatively assess carbon under a CO2-rich atmosphere is to use a ratio to an oxygen line (777 nm) and the estimated limit of detection for carbon in a single LIBS point are found to be of 4.5 wt% and 6.9 wt% for reduced and organic carbon, respectively. Considering carbonate, this LOD correspond to about 50 wt% carbonate in the analyzed volume.Analysis of data obtained on Mars by ChemCam up to sol 3350 reveals the presence of a correlation between the intensity of carbon and oxygen lines, as observed in the laboratory, confirming that most carbon signal is related to ionization of the atmosphere. Some variability in the carbon signal appears related to the physical state of the atmosphere (density, temperature).Based on a combined analysis of carbon lines and major element compositions (Ca, Fe, Mg), there was no detection of carbonate in the ChemCam dataset up to sol 3355. Therefore, we conclude that carbonate was not present as a major constituent (>50%) in the ChemCam LIBS targets, and that soils are not enriched in carbon beyond the limit of detection. The dominant salts present are sulfate, chlorides, and the lack of carbonates in Gale, while observed in Jezero, may at least partly be related to a difference in protolith.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Icarus; DLR publicat...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Icarus; DLR publicat...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Icarus; DLR publication server
      Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: S. P. Hesselbo; A. Al-Suwaidi; S. J. Baker; G. Ballabio; +71 Authors

    Abstract. Drilling for the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Early Jurassic Earth System and Timescale project (JET) was undertaken between October 2020 and January 2021. The drill site is situated in a small-scale synformal basin of the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic age that formed above the major Permian–Triassic half-graben system of the Cheshire Basin. The borehole is located to recover an expanded and complete succession to complement the legacy core from the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole drilled through 1967–1969 on the edge of the Cardigan Bay Basin, North Wales. The overall aim of the project is to construct an astronomically calibrated integrated timescale for the Early Jurassic and to provide insights into the operation of the Early Jurassic Earth system. Core of Quaternary age cover and Early Jurassic mudstone was obtained from two shallow partially cored geotechnical holes (Prees 2A to 32.2 m below surface (m b.s.) and Prees 2B to 37.0 m b.s.) together with Early Jurassic and Late Triassic mudstone from the principal hole, Prees 2C, which was cored from 32.92 to 651.32 m (corrected core depth scale). Core recovery was 99.7 % for Prees 2C. The ages of the recovered stratigraphy range from the Late Triassic (probably Rhaetian) to the Early Jurassic, Early Pliensbachian (Ibex Ammonoid Chronozone). All ammonoid chronozones have been identified for the drilled Early Jurassic strata. The full lithological succession comprises the Branscombe Mudstone and Blue Anchor formations of the Mercia Mudstone Group, the Westbury and Lilstock formations of the Penarth Group, and the Redcar Mudstone Formation of the Lias Group. A distinct interval of siltstone is recognized within the Late Sinemurian of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, and the name “Prees Siltstone Member” is proposed. Depositional environments range from playa lake in the Late Triassic to distal offshore marine in the Early Jurassic. Initial datasets compiled from the core include radiography, natural gamma ray, density, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). A full suite of downhole logs was also run. Intervals of organic carbon enrichment occur in the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) Westbury Formation and in the earliest Hettangian and earliest Pliensbachian strata of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, where up to 4 % total organic carbon (TOC) is recorded. Other parts of the succession are generally organic-lean, containing less than 1 % TOC. Carbon-isotope values from bulk organic matter have also been determined, initially at a resolution of ∼ 1 m, and these provide the basis for detailed correlation between the Prees 2 succession and adjacent boreholes and Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) outcrops. Multiple complementary studies are currently underway and preliminary results promise an astronomically calibrated biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy for the combined Prees and Mochras successions as well as insights into the dynamics of background processes and major palaeo-environmental changes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jagiellonian Univers...arrow_drop_down
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    Scientific Drilling (SD)
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Scientific Drilling (SD)
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jagiellonian Univers...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Scientific Drilling (SD)
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Scientific Drilling (SD)
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Luyt, Julie; +2 Authors

    International audience; The Beaufort Group of the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa provides an uninterrupted record of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from the Middle Permian to the Middle Triassic and covers an area of approximately 200,000 km2, about 20% of the country's surface area. A diverse range of vertebrate taxa including fish, therapsids, amphibians, archosauromorphs and parareptiles, has been recovered from this rock succession and provides an ideal sampleset to investigate temporal and geographical variations of local hydrology using stable isotopes. Questions relating to temporal and biological variations in oxygen stable isotope ratios of apatite phosphate (δ18Op) in Beaufort tetrapod taxa have previously been addressed, but geographic variation of bioapatite-recorded δ18Op across the Permo-Triassic of South Africa has not yet been studied. Here we highlight variations in δ18Op recorded over a large geographic spread in the Karoo basin for four Permo-Triassic vertebrate assemblage zones (AZ). Tetrapods, mainly therapsids, were sampled from two Permian (Cistecephalus AZ and Daptocephalus AZ) and two Triassic biozones (Lystrosaurus declivis AZ and Cynognathus AZ). For each of these biozones, fossils were sampled from several localities and their δ18Op values compared. Results from the Permian data showed no isotopic difference in apatite from localities divided by longitude 24°. Isotopic differences seem to appear further east in the Basin. Most of the Permian localities (restricted to the south-western part of the Basin) were under the influence of a water system originating from the southern mountainous source terrain. Oxygen isotope compositions of vertebrates from the Lystrosaurus declivis AZ show a significant latitudinal gradient interpreted as an evaporation effect from a southern source in the mountains running toward the north. The Basin during the Cynognathus AZ was under a similar pattern with an evaporation effect highlighted with lower δ18O values in the south and higher in the north.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Treiman, Allan H.; Lanza, Nina L.; VanBommel, Scott; Berger, Jeff; +47 Authors

    The MSL Curiosity rover investigated dark, Mn-P-enriched nodules in shallow lacustrine/fluvial sediments at the Groken site in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars. Applying all relevant information from the rover, the nodules are interpreted as pseudomorphs after original crystals of vivianite, (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O, that cemented the sediment soon after deposition. The nodules appear to have flat faces and linear boundaries and stand above the surrounding siltstone. ChemCam LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectrometry) shows that the nodules have MnO abundances approximately twenty times those of the surrounding siltstone matrix, contain little CaO, and have SiO2 and Al2O3 abundances similar to those of the siltstone. A deconvolution of APXS analyses of nodule-bearing targets, interpreted here as representing the nodules’ non-silicate components, shows high concentrations of MnO, P2O5, and FeO and a molar ratio P/Mn = 2. Visible to near-infrared reflectance of the nodules (by ChemCam passive and Mastcam multispectral) is dark and relatively flat, consistent with a mixture of host siltstone, hematite, and a dark spectrally bland material (like pyrolusite, MnO2). A drill sample at the site is shown to contain minimal nodule material, implying that analyses by the CheMin and SAM instruments do not constrain the nodules’ mineralogy or composition. The fact that the nodules contain P and Mn in a small molar integer ratio, P/Mn = 2, suggests that the nodules contained a stoichiometric Mn-phosphate mineral, in which Fe did (i.e., could) not substitute for Mn. The most likely such minerals are laueite and strunzite, Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O and –6H2O, respectively, which occur on Earth as alteration products of other Mn-bearing phosphates including vivianite. Vivianite is a common primary and diagenetic precipitate from low-oxygen, P-enriched waters. Calculated phase equilibria show Mn-bearing vivianite could be replaced by laueite or strunzite and then by hematite plus pyrolusite as the system became more oxidizing and acidic. These data suggest that the nodules originated as vivianite, forming as euhedral crystals in the sediment, enclosing sediment grains as they grew. After formation, the nodules were oxidized—first to laueite/strunzite yielding the diagnostic P/Mn ratio, and then to hematite plus an undefined Mn oxy-hydroxide (like pyrolusite). The limited occurrence of these Mn-Fe-P nodules, both in space and time (i.e., stratigraphic position), suggests a local control on their origin. By terrestrial analogies, it is possible that the nodules precipitated near a spring or seep of Mn-rich water, generated during alteration of olivine in the underlying sediments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mineralsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Minerals
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Minerals
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alex Hughes; Javier Escartín; Jeremy Billant; Frédérique Leclerc; +17 Authors

    AbstractThe seismic hazard posed by submarine faults and the capacity of submarine earthquakes to trigger mass wasting are poorly understood because we lack detailed characterizations of coseismic ruptures at the seafloor. Here, we present comprehensive mapping of a seafloor rupture caused by the 2004Mw6.3 Les Saintes earthquake on the Roseau normal fault in the Lesser Antilles. We report the visual characteristics, displacement profile, and note pronounced asymmetry of the rupture that bears similarities with well-studied subaerial normal fault ruptures. We also identify footwall-derived mass wasted debris that locally cover the coseismic rupture, and show that ground accelerations of 0.1–0.2 g can trigger submarine mass wasting events in well consolidated bedrock along unstable, over-steepened, scarps. Our study demonstrates the potential of underwater vehicles for detailed mapping of seafloor ruptures and hints at a key role for earthquakes in shaping submarine bedrock landscapes by triggering mass wasting events.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Communications Earth...arrow_drop_down
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    Communications Earth & Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Authors: Bruno Reynard; Xin Zhong;

    An experimental calibration of the shifts of three major Raman peaks of quartz with hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial differential stress is presented, and implications for their use in geobarometry based on Raman spectroscopy of quartz inclusions are discussed. The position of the 206 cm−1 peak depends only on hydrostatic pressure P, and its pressure dependence is recalibrated with a peak-fitting procedure that is more adequate for Raman barometry than previous calibrations. The position of the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks depends on P and also on differential stress σ, which can be determined from the position of these two peaks knowing hydrostatic pressure from the position of the 206 cm−1 peak. The results obtained here are different from those inferred previously from first-principles calculations. The present calibration provides direct relationships between Raman shifts and stress, with a simple formulation of residual pressure and differential stress assuming uniaxial stress along the c axis of quartz inclusions. It is tested on data from experimental and natural inclusions. Residual pressures from the present calibration are similar within uncertainties to those obtained with previous experimental calibrations. Residual differential stresses obtained from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are very sensitive to the precision of Raman measurements. Experimental inclusions yield residual pressures consistent with synthesis pressure. Differential stresses obtained on some experimental inclusions are sometimes incompatible, providing a criterion for identifying inclusions under complex stress conditions that are not appropriate for geobarometry. Recent data on natural inclusions show self-consistent differential stress, consistent with the assumption of major stress along the symmetry axis of the inclusion crystals. The average pressure values from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are similar to the residual pressure from the 206 cm−1 peak that depends only on hydrostatic pressure. It can be used to obtain pressure when the 206 cm−1 peak position cannot be used due to interference with host mineral peaks. Using the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks alone, or averaging either 128 and 206 or 206 and 464 cm−1 peaks, can induce systematic bias in the residual pressure determination. Applications of the present results to natural inclusions suggest that combined determination of residual pressure and differential stress may be used for both barometry and thermometry pending further calibration.

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    The Cretaceous marine sedimentary record is characterized by time intervals rich in organic matter correlating with positive carbon isotope excursions, often called oceanic anoxic events. The Weissert Event corresponds to the first such event in the Cretaceous during the Valanginian stage. The associated palaeoenvironmental perturbations, which include increasing marine surface water primary productivity, are hypothesized to have been triggered by volcanic activity from large igneous provinces, and the source of nutrients is not well constrained (continental runoff v. oceanic upwelling). We present isotope ratios of Pb, Sr and Nd, together with concentrations of major and trace elements, for sediments from the central Moroccan margin to test these hypotheses. We demonstrate that the nutrient input was dominated by continental weathering. The source of sedimentary material remained stable during the Valanginian interval and originated from an old source, probably the African Sahara region. The radiogenic isotope signatures do not show a significant contribution of volcanic products from any known Valanginian large igneous province to the geochemical budget of sediments deposited on the central Moroccan margin. Although this does not preclude an impact of volcanic activity on the composition of seawater, it demonstrates that the erupted volumes were not sufficient to affect the deposited sediments. Supplementary material: The Supplementary Table contains three sheets: (1) Central Moroccan Margin, the analytical data generated and analysed during this study; (2) Fig. 8 data, large igneous provinces, the data of known Valanginian large igneous provinces used for comparison; and (3) Fig. 9 and S5 data, source areas, the data of potential surrounding source areas used for comparison, available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6333040 .

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    Authors: Bertrand Lefebvre; J. Javier Álvaro; Josep Maria Casas; Jean-François Ghienne; +7 Authors

    The Ordovician successions of France and neighbouring areas of Belgium and Germany are reviewed and correlated based on international chronostratigraphic and regional biostratigraphic charts. The same three megasequences related to the rift, drift and docking of Avalonia with Baltica can be tracked in Belgium and neighbouring areas (Brabant Massif and Ardenne inliers), western (Rhenish Massif) and northeastern Germany (Rügen). The remaining investigated areas were part of Gondwana in the Ordovician. The Armorican Massif shares with the Iberian Peninsula a Furongian–Early Ordovician gap (Toledanian or Norman gap), and a continuous Mid–Late Ordovician shelf sedimentation. The Occitan Domain (Montagne Noire and Mouthoumet massifs), eastern Pyrenees and northwestern Corsica share with southwestern Sardinia continuous shelf sedimentation in the Early Ordovician, and a Mid Ordovician ‘Sardic gap’. In the Ordovician, the Maures Massif probably belonged to the same Sardo-Occitan domain. The Vosges and Schwarzwald massifs display compa-rable, poorly preserved Ordovician successions, suggesting affinities with the Teplá-Barrandian and/or Molda-nubian zones of Central Europe. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) projects 653 "The onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event" and 735 “Rocks and the Rise of Ordovician Life: Filling knowledge gaps in the Early Palaeozoic Biodiversification". The authors are particularly grateful to Annalisa Ferretti, David A.T. Harper and Petr Kraft for their careful and constructive reviews, comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality and relevance of the paper.

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    Authors: Maxime Renaud; Bertrand Lefebvre; Denis Bailliot; Marie-Noëlle Bailliot; +3 Authors

    The mid-Ordovician mitrocystitid mitrate Mitrocystella incipiens was one of the most widespread stylophorans in the high latitude Mediterranean Province, with occurrences in the Armorican Massif (France), the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and the Prague Basin (Czech Republic), all restricted so far to the late Darriwilian (Hustedograptus teretiusculus Zone). The description of this taxon in the Corréjou Member (Postolonnec Formation) of the Crozon Peninsula (western Brittany, France) not only extends its spatial distribution within the Armorican Massif, but also its stratigraphic range into the mid-Darriwilian (Didymograptus artusZone). The remarkable preser­vation of the new material and associated sedimentological evidence both suggest rapid burial by storm deposits.

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    Authors: Herrmann, Lou; Aschan-Leygonie, Christina;

    Les controverses citoyennes autour des mesures de la qualité de l’air sont fréquentes dans certains lieux et l’une des explications se trouve être les importants écarts entre ressentis et mesures de la qualité de l’air. Ces controverses témoignent de l’enjeu social et sanitaire lié à cette question et le fait que la pollution de l’air place les populations dans une « ambiguïté perceptive ». L’article interroge la place de la connaissance dans les mécanismes de perception de la qualité de l’air. Dans cette perspective, les Associations agréées de surveillance de la qualité de l'air (AASQA), doivent relever un défi de taille : traduire des connaissances scientifiques complexes en une information lisible et appropriable entrant parfois en contradiction avec les perceptions sensorielles. Suite à la création par Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes d’une application mobile, Air To Go, diffusant un indice quotidien de qualité de l’air géolocalisé à une échelle d’une précision de 10 mètres, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont l’accès à des informations à une échelle très précise modifie les représentations de la pollution en atténuant le filtre perceptif. Les résultats montrent la nécessité de nuancer l’influence du filtre perceptif sur les représentations de la pollution atmosphérique, à la fois pour améliorer la perception des risques, mais aussi pour changer in fine les comportements en termes d’exposition et d’émission de polluants. Locally, controversies concerning air quality measurements are frequent and a major explanation is the large discrepancies between perceptions and quantitative measurements. These controversies show the importance of social and health issues linked to this question and the fact that air pollution often implies a "perceptual ambiguity". In this paper, we discuss the place of knowledge in the mechanisms of perception of air quality. In this perspective, the French Approved Air Quality Surveillance Associations (AASQA), face a major challenge: translating complex scientific knowledge into comprehensive and appropriable information that sometimes contradicts sensory perceptions. Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AASQA) has developed a mobile application, Air To Go, that provides data describing air quality with high geographical accuracy (10 meters) and we are investigating in how access to very precise information might modify the individual perception of air pollution. The results show that there is a need to characterise the influence of the perceptual filter on the in the way individuals view air quality, both to improve the perception of risks and to change individual behavior in terms of exposure and emission of pollutants. International audience

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    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ VertigO; Éruditarrow_drop_down
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      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      OpenEdition
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: OpenEdition
      DOAJ
      Article
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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