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ABSTRACT Custodial death is the most ominous indicator in our country's capture, detention, and remand. It has now become all the rage across the country. Deaths in police custody usually generate a great deal of public attention and are frequently coupled with causality disputes. Accused individuals frequently come into encounter with the criminal justice system, with those suffering from mental illnesses over-represented in police custody. As a result, identifying vulnerability is critical in order to guarantee that proper precautions may be put in place. This research is helping to show that to prevent such a curse from afflicting society, the country has some existing legislation, directions, guidelines, and precedents that are constantly derived from court decisions of other nations. The judicial system in Bangladesh is no exception. In context of this, the research examined, with the goal of emphasizing on judicial reforms, applicable legislation and their implementation, national legislative framework, and court precedents on the banning of inhumane custodial torture, including arrest, custody, and remand by police. Finding of the research particularly concentrate upon irregularities of provision to safeguarding accused right in the jail. The lack of sanitation, healthcare, standard food quality also found as errors of concern authorities. Beside these normal and natural death also counted as death in custody but not due to torture by police. The political believes and support nurture by police is also one of the key reasons to increasing torture and deaths. To solve these problems state should amend existing provision which is contradictory related to custodial torture, Increase the circumference of Human Rights Commission and give them power to investigate these properly and follow the guidelines given by courts. This research demonstrated a real-life scenario of custodial torture and critically analyzed national mechanisms that directly contradict custodial deaths and brutal punishment. {"references": ["'Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability' (2022) IV Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research", "Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability. (2022), IV(III), 1266-1287", "Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, 2022. Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability. IV(III), pp.1266-1287", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability.\". IV, no. III, 2022, pp. 1266-1287", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\" (2022) IV(III)", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\". Indian Journal Of Law And Legal Research no. (2022): 1266-1287. doi:https://doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-37714716/IJLLR/V4/I3/A90.", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\", (2022) IV Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research 1266-1287."]}

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is considered vital to the success of the United Nations¿ sustainable development goals. Systems thinking has been identified as a core competency that must be included in ESD. However, systems thinking-orientated ESD learning tools, established methods of the assessment of sustainability skills, and formal trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of such learning tools are all lacking. This research presents a randomised controlled trial (n = 106) to investigate whether an innovative online sustainability learning tool that incorporates two factors, systems thinking and system dynamics simulation, increases the understanding of a specific sustainability problem. A further aim was to investigate whether these factors also support the transfer of knowledge to a second problem with a similar systemic structure. The effects of the two factors were tested separately and in combination using a two-by-two factorial study design. ANOVA and related inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the effect of the factors on sustainability understanding. Cohen¿s d effect sizes were also calculated. Simulation alone was found to increase ESD learning outcomes significantly, and also to support the transfer of skills, although less significantly. Qualitative feedback was also gathered from participants, most of whom reported finding systems thinking and simulation very helpful. This research was undertaken for the PhD studies of the corresponding author at the National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) and was supported by funding from ResponSEAble (EU Horizon 2020 project number 652643), Ireland’s Higher Education Authority and Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (through the IT Investment Fund and ComputerDISC, and the COVID-19 Costed Extension), and the NUIG PhD Write-Up Bursary. peer-reviewed

Abstract The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent spread of the disease COVID-19 became classified as a pandemic in March of 2020, leading to global safety measures introduced to limit the impact of the virus. This combination of safety measures has become commonly referred to as “lockdown”. The associated industry and lifestyle changes led to reductions in the anthropogenic emission of atmospheric pollutants such as black carbon (BC), which is transported from the mid-latitudes into the Arctic during the winter and spring. Measurements of BC and other anthropogenic pollutants are of increasing importance in the Arctic due to the rapid warming observed there in the past few decades. It is believed that BC has a significant role in this warming, and so understanding the Arctic's response to reduced BC emissions at lower latitudes will provide insight into how future changes might mitigate further warming. Reductions in BC have been reported worldwide, and so in this study, the impact of these reductions on BC concentrations at the High Arctic site Villum Research Station was investigated. The effect was examined from March 2020, around when global lockdowns began, to June 2020, when the Arctic haze period ended and BC levels were once again low. Firstly, the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) was used to assess this impact on BC concentrations by adjusting global anthropogenic pollution emission inventories to simulate those observed during the lockdown period and comparing the results to a similar model run with standard emission inventories. Secondly, equivalent BC data from an aethalometer at Villum Research Station were analysed, comparing the concentrations during the lockdown period to both aethalometer data from previous years and DEHM results from the lockdown period. It was found that when adjusted DEHM emission inventories were introduced from the 1st of March, the model predicted a reduction in BC concentrations beginning on the 10th of March and reached a 10% reduction by the 1st of April. This reduction fluctuated around 10% until the end of the Arctic haze period. Aethalometer data did not show any significant change from previous years, and no concentration reduction could be concluded from its comparison with DEHM results. This is likely because the predicted reduction of 10% is smaller than both the inter-annual and intra-annual variability of measured BC concentrations at Villum.

This report should be assimilated in parallel with the ‘Activity Plan – Year IV’ for the final year of the TRUE project, and it should also be noted that this report supersedes some of the information given in Deliverable 9.9 (Project Review, Impact and Legacy Plan – Report I) due to changes in the delivery plan, and delays associated with the impacts of COVID-19. Also, as the TRUE project draws to completion on Sept. 30th 2021, and effort progresses into a phase which is not specifically funded, it is important that effort is focused upon those key activities which has the potential to establish improved legume-based futures for all those who will become involved.

This report should be assimilated in parallel with the ‘Activity Plan – Year IV’ for the final year of the TRUE project, and it should also be noted that this report supersedes some of the information given in Deliverable 9.9 (Project Review, Impact and Legacy Plan – Report I) due to changes in the delivery plan, and delays associated with the impacts of COVID-19. Also, as the TRUE project draws to completion on Sept. 30th 2021, and effort progresses into a phase which is not specifically funded, it is important that effort is focused upon those key activities which has the potential to establish improved legume-based futures for all those who will become involved.

### Summary box With the global increase in population density, urbanisation, and global travel and trade, the threat of widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases has increased relentlessly,1 as evidenced by recent examples of COVID-19 and Ebola. Further, although the most important causes of death shifted to non-communicable diseases, in some poorer parts of the world, communicable diseases remain the most important cause of death.2 Crucial in the prevention of and reaction to these threats is early detection, which demands an infectious disease surveillance system that can signal unusual events. How to set up and improve surveillance and how to prioritise investments are questions that need input from different scientific disciplines. Here, we focus on some economic considerations. The best recognised purpose of disease surveillance is the (early) detection of epidemics and other health threats. New diagnostic tools such as unbiased and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) are being explored as options to improve surveillance as these allow to determine causes of unexplained disease outbreaks, trace and link sources of disease transmission, and facilitate a better understanding of how viruses and bacteria pass from animal to humans. With NGS, the same platforms and sometimes even the same protocols can be …

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dirt removal (bacteria and organic matter) of several hand-cleaning procedures. The results from the hand hygiene experiment indicated that washing hands with warm water and soap for 20 s is the most effective method investigated when hands are either dirty or greasy. Even if not proper washing, rinsing under running water for 5 s is a cleaning procedure that may significantly reduce the probability of cross-contamination, as it removes 90% of the hands’ dirt. Although less effective than water and soap, the usage of antibacterial wipes was significantly more effective than wet wipes, indicating that they are a better choice when water and soap are not available. The results of this study enable us to inform consumers about the effectiveness of hand-cleaning procedures applied in their homes when cooking. Moreover, it can make consumers understand why, during the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities recommended washing hands as a preventive measure of infection and using an anti-bacterial hand gel or wiping hands with an antimicrobial wipe if water and soap are not available.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for effective infectious disease outbreak prevention. This could entail installing an integrated, international early warning system, aiming to contain and mitigate infectious diseases outbreaks. The amount of resources governments should spend on such preventive measures can be informed by the value citizens attach to such a system. This was already recognized in 2018, when a contingent valuation willingness to pay (WTP) experiment was fielded, eliciting the WTP for such a system in six European countries. We replicated that experiment in the spring of 2020 to test whether and how WTP had changed during an actual pandemic (COVID-19), taking into account differences in infection rates and stringency of measures by government between countries. Overall, we found significant increases in WTP between the two time points, with mean WTP for an early warning system increasing by about 50% (median 30%), from around €20 to €30 per month. However, there were marked differences between countries and subpopulations, and changes were only partially explained by COVID-19 burden. We discuss possible explanations for and implication of our findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10198-021-01353-6.

Horizon EU commit firmly to the practices of "Open Science" and "Responsible Research & Innovation", but the level of awareness among the average grant applicant lags significantly behind. Average applicant tends to address these new requirements as a "check list", while making them essential philosophy of the research method design can add a competitive edge at proposal evaluation. The presentation will showcase two parallel experiment at Un. Lille (France) and Technical University Denmark (DTU), targeting different national and EU grant calls, and research cultures. At both sites, the approach was to pro-actively integrate Open Science in national and EU grant proposals, in order to test if going above and beyond funder requirements on Open Science could give applicants a competitive edge. Strategies and advocacy was developed to integrate Open Science in all proposal sections: from adding excellence to a reproducible research methodology, to enhancing impact & exploitation in synergy with intellectual property (IP) practices, and broadening dissemination and communication with Citizen Scientists. Approaches included designing specific Open Science actions and deliverables, as part of the research process, accompanied by appropriate budget that matches ambition, and capitalizes on institutional capacity to implement Open Science. Evidence from multi-annual reiterations clearly demonstrates that Open Science, when credibly coupled to pro-active knowledge transfer strategies and Citizen Science/Science Literacy outreach activities, clearly adds a competitive advantage to research grant proposals. The lessons learned are generic, discipline-agnostic to a large degree and potentially easily transferable to any national funding research grant instrument (or research support team). As European Commission steps up the discourse on societal challenges relevance of access to publicly-funded research (e.g. Manifesto for EU COVID-19 Research https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/research-area/health-research-and-innovation/coronavirus-research-and-innovation/covid-research-manifesto_en), research support staff can be a key multiplier in Open Science uptake across all research disciplines. Learning Outcomes: Attendees will: - appreciate that Open Science is much broader than the prevalent "Open Access to publications" debate; - learn how Open Science provokes positive proposal evaluations in all sections of a proposal; - learn how to support applicants to integrate Open Science in every proposal. The presentation showcased evidence from two universities and several funding instruments, that Open Science can make grant proposals more competitive. The presentation was given to EU Research Managers Association Conference, EARMA 2021.

Report on both online MAGIC value-chain events Two on-line value chain events had been organished in collaboration with MAGIC project. The events had been organished on web due to COVID-19 crisis; the first took place on 17th of December 2020 and the second on 20th of January 2021.