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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Adrian Roth; Mehdi Stiti; David Frantz; Andrew Corber; +1 Authors

    AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 and its ever‐emerging variants are spread from host‐to‐host via expelled respiratory aerosols and saliva droplets. Knowing the number of virions which are exhaled by a person requires precise measurements of the size, count, velocity and trajectory of the virus‐laden particles that are ejected directly from the mouth. These measurements are achieved in 3D, at 15,000 images/s, and are applied when speaking, yelling and coughing. In this study, 33 events have been analysed by post‐processing ∼500,000 images. Using these data, the flow rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 virions have been evaluated. At high concentrations, 107 virions/mL, it is found that 136–231 virions are ejected during a single cough, where the virion flow rate peak is capable of reaching 32 virions within a millisecond. This peak can reach tens of virions/ms when yelling but reduced to only a few virions/ms when speaking. At medium concentrations, ∼105 virions/mL, those results are hundreds of times lower. The total number of virions that are ejected when yelling at 110 dB, instead of speaking at 85 dB, increases by two‐ to threefold. From the measured data analysed in this article, the flow rate of other diseases, such as influenza, tuberculosis or measles, can also be estimated. As these data are openly accessible, they can be used by modellers for the simulation of saliva droplet transport and evaporation, allowing to further advance our understanding of airborne pathogen transmission.Key points Advanced, optimized and combined laser‐based imaging techniques for temporally sizing and tracking respiratory droplets and aerosols. Understanding how pathogens are being ejected from the mouth when speaking, yelling and coughing. Quantifying and analysing the variation of SARS‐CoV‐2 flow rates emission during exhalation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Natural Sciencesarrow_drop_down
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    Natural Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Natural Sciencesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Natural Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Background: There has been an increasing focus on the unique health needs and experiences of people with chronic health problems, given health disparities between these groups and the wider population. The focus of this study is on understanding the psychological and health benefits of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to present findings from interviews on their experiences. All interviewees were subsequently invited for intervention at an Open Distance Learning institution in South Africa. Methods: Data were collected using an online semi-structured questionnaire to gather information influencing the study participant’s decision to use CGM during the context of COVID-19. An invitation was sent via Facebook group ‘Type 1 Diabetics South Africa’ and attracted 30 responses. The final study comprised of 10 respondents whose returned questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and took part in the in-depth interviews for analysis using Atlas.ti9 software.  Results: The results suggest that T1D participants benefited from using CGM in combating chronic medical and psychological (psychosocial) conditions. Many reported improvements in health and psychological factors; in time monitoring of glucose levels, low events of hypoglycaemia, improved self-confidence, improved concentration span, diminished numbers of hospitalization. Some reported improved socialization, relief from finger pricking pains and better control of life. Graphical representations of the different results will be depicted in tables and figures. Conclusions: The 4th industrial revolution is technology-based and continuous glucose monitoring is a form of artificial intelligence enabling people living with T1 diabetes to make smarter choices more often and at a faster pace with more information. If people with diabetes are unable to access this intelligent technology, they will be at increased risk of complications, hypoglycaemia, reducing their quality of life. The use of CGM by T1D, with complementary psychotherapy, indicated improved health related quality of life.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ F1000Researcharrow_drop_down
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    F1000Research
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ F1000Researcharrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      F1000Research
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pyrooz, David; Huff, Jessica; Nix, Justin; Mourtgos, Scott; +1 Authors

    Many U.S. cities witnessed both de-policing and increased crime in 2020, yet it remains unclear whether the former contributed to the latter. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that evaluate highly focused interventions atypical of day-to-day policing, use cities as the unit of analysis, or cannot rule out endogeneity. This study addresses each of these issues, thereby advancing the evidence base concerning the effects of policing on crime. Leveraging two exogenous shocks presented by the onset of COVID-19 and social unrest following the murder of George Floyd, we evaluated the effects of sudden and sustained reductions in high-discretion policing on crime at the neighborhood level in Denver. Multilevel models accounting for trends in prior police activity, neighborhood structure, seasonality, and population mobility revealed mixed results. On one hand, large-scale reductions in stops and drug-related arrests were associated with significant increases in violent and property crimes, respectively. On the other hand, fewer disorder arrests did not affect crime. These results were not universal across neighborhoods. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of debates concerning the appropriate role of policing in the 21st century.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
    Preprint . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.21428/cb6ab...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
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      https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
      Preprint . 2023
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  • Authors: Acevedo, Amanda; RW, Romy; Ferrer, Rebecca; Bowers, Jennifer; +2 Authors

    This study will use data from the Relationships, Risk Perceptions, and Cancer-related Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic (R2C2) project to understand whether individuals’ own perceived stress and/or discrimination is associated with their or their partner’s depressive symptoms among romantic, cohabitating dyads. Additionally, the study will examine whether racial concordance among dyads moderates these associations. Existing literature highlights both perceived stress and experiences of discrimination influence anxiety and depression in interracial and intra-racial relationships, but studies often overlook the influence of partners’ stress and experiences of discrimination. This study uses actor-partner interdependence modeling to examine associations among stress, discrimination, and depressive symptoms in racially concordant and discordant couples. Participants were recruited through Prolific from October 2021-June 2022. Recruitment was stratified to oversample individuals from underrepresented racial/ethnic identities. Participants were eligible if they were in a romantic cohabitating relationship, participated on Prolific with their partner, were fluent in English, and lived in the US or UK. Eligible participants completed two self-reported surveys, with approximately one month between the surveys. Survey items included perceived stress, experiences of discrimination, depressive symptoms, and race/ethnicity. Multilevel modeling will examine depressive symptoms as an outcome and survey completion timing, country, age, gender, and education as covariates. We obtained complete data for 194 dyads. This study will provide insights into how stress and discrimination are associated with depressive symptoms among interracial and intra-racial couples during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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  • Authors: Minu Choi;

    Art as a means of supporting mental wellbeing has seen recent advances in scientific support and improvements in accessibility. This is welcoming news especially with the urgent need for self-help tools brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to test a new eight-week digital art wellness program (created by Mindfull of Art) and its effectiveness as a supporting tool for mental health. Evidence of reduced anxiety levels throughout and after the program will be interpreted as support for the hypothesis that regular digital art creation can benefit mental health. Findings from this study can provide insight into how accessibility for art-based wellness practices can be improved.

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  • Authors: XU, YOU;

    [Objective] To establish a multi-dimensional and standardized lexical database of COVID-19-related terms and words. The database may have facilitated COVID-19-related research in domains such as Psychology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, etc. [Methods] This database referred to the established methods of the emotional lexical database at home and abroad, and used the dot-detection task and words in the database as experimental materials to test the attention bias of the subjects suspected of having COVID-19 phobia, so as to test the validity of the database. [Results] 196 COVID-19-related words and 99 neutral words were included in the word database. Then, we classified and evaluated the words through six dimensions, and established a standardized database of Chinese COVID-19-related terms. The words have good reliability and internal consistency. In addition, the validity was tested through the dot-detection task. Subjects with COVID-19 fear and those without COVID-19 fear showed a significant attentional bias toward COVID-19-related words [Limitations] The initial sample size is small and the database application needs further development. [Conclusions] The database of Chinese COVID-19 terms has good reliability, internal consistency, and reliability, and can be used as materials related to COVID-19-related research in the future.

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  • Authors: Balla, Attila; Simonovits, Gábor;

    This pre-registration summarzes the research design and pre-analysis plan for this media bias study in Hungary. In July 2020, in one of Hungary’s most prominent online news sites (index.hu), the entire editorial staff resigned because of political pressure from the autocratic government. While the site has not started to publish hard propaganda with the new editorial team, strong doubts remained as to whether it remained independent. I hypothesize that after the change they are using sophisticated forms of information manipulation. Reporting less bad news (censorship) and framing the government as a competent actor by attributing positive events to them while blaming external actors for the negative event (selective attribution) are two possible ways to implement less visible news manipulation. With a corpus of COVID-19-related news - a salient topic both before and after the editorial change - from index.hu and from four further news sites I aim to document the shift in the news coverage. News fragments with relevant governmental or external actors are selected and rated with human coders and with a supervised learning algorithm. The direction change will be analyzed with the synthetic difference-in-differences method.

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  • Authors: Lin, Li;

    To explore young patients' cognitive, behavioral, and physiological effects in complex and uncertain triage situations, a randomized controlled trial was used to divide young patients aged 18–40 years according to COVID-19 typical symptoms into four groups, with 30 participants in each group. Guidelines were hung in prominent places and broadcast. Screening symptoms of COVID-19, consultation, vital signs, and hematology tests were conducted. The attention, memory, behavior, emotion, and physiological function were scored and statistically analyzed.

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  • Authors: Handoyo, Restu; Putri, Siska Hamelia;

    Supports for people with intellectual disabilities are essential to promote optimal functioning and participation in their environment. People with intellectual disabilities need direct assistance in carrying out various activities. The availability of supports for people with intellectual disabilities went through changes and had been limited during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, people with intellectual disabilities, as well as their caregivers and service providers, need to make adjustments. The objective of this study is to ascertain information regarding the types of supports accessible to individuals with intellectual disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This includes an examination of their characteristics (e.g., providers, media, resources) as well as an evaluation of the support program.

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  • Authors: Shahin, Hana; ODonnell, Molly; Dellner, Sarah;

    COVID-19 has affected everyone's wellbeing. This study aims to identify the main risk and protective factors in relation to COVID-19 and personal wellbeing. Besides racial and ethnic disparities relating to COVID-19, we are interested to see if different work conditions and professions, family status and relations, experience with COVID-19 among other factors affect people's wellbeing during the last year (09.2021-until data collection) of COVID-19. The chosen time period is since September 2021, especially that since that time, schools were reopened and most workplaces went back to in person. Studies covering the negative effects of COVID-19 have identifying factors that affected people's wellbeing. This study aims to examine if these factors are still persistent, especially that most schools and workplaces are going back to in persons. The implications of this study will guide interventions to facilitate a more positive "new normal" times as COVID-19 still persists.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Adrian Roth; Mehdi Stiti; David Frantz; Andrew Corber; +1 Authors

    AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 and its ever‐emerging variants are spread from host‐to‐host via expelled respiratory aerosols and saliva droplets. Knowing the number of virions which are exhaled by a person requires precise measurements of the size, count, velocity and trajectory of the virus‐laden particles that are ejected directly from the mouth. These measurements are achieved in 3D, at 15,000 images/s, and are applied when speaking, yelling and coughing. In this study, 33 events have been analysed by post‐processing ∼500,000 images. Using these data, the flow rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 virions have been evaluated. At high concentrations, 107 virions/mL, it is found that 136–231 virions are ejected during a single cough, where the virion flow rate peak is capable of reaching 32 virions within a millisecond. This peak can reach tens of virions/ms when yelling but reduced to only a few virions/ms when speaking. At medium concentrations, ∼105 virions/mL, those results are hundreds of times lower. The total number of virions that are ejected when yelling at 110 dB, instead of speaking at 85 dB, increases by two‐ to threefold. From the measured data analysed in this article, the flow rate of other diseases, such as influenza, tuberculosis or measles, can also be estimated. As these data are openly accessible, they can be used by modellers for the simulation of saliva droplet transport and evaporation, allowing to further advance our understanding of airborne pathogen transmission.Key points Advanced, optimized and combined laser‐based imaging techniques for temporally sizing and tracking respiratory droplets and aerosols. Understanding how pathogens are being ejected from the mouth when speaking, yelling and coughing. Quantifying and analysing the variation of SARS‐CoV‐2 flow rates emission during exhalation.

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    Natural Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Background: There has been an increasing focus on the unique health needs and experiences of people with chronic health problems, given health disparities between these groups and the wider population. The focus of this study is on understanding the psychological and health benefits of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to present findings from interviews on their experiences. All interviewees were subsequently invited for intervention at an Open Distance Learning institution in South Africa. Methods: Data were collected using an online semi-structured questionnaire to gather information influencing the study participant’s decision to use CGM during the context of COVID-19. An invitation was sent via Facebook group ‘Type 1 Diabetics South Africa’ and attracted 30 responses. The final study comprised of 10 respondents whose returned questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and took part in the in-depth interviews for analysis using Atlas.ti9 software.  Results: The results suggest that T1D participants benefited from using CGM in combating chronic medical and psychological (psychosocial) conditions. Many reported improvements in health and psychological factors; in time monitoring of glucose levels, low events of hypoglycaemia, improved self-confidence, improved concentration span, diminished numbers of hospitalization. Some reported improved socialization, relief from finger pricking pains and better control of life. Graphical representations of the different results will be depicted in tables and figures. Conclusions: The 4th industrial revolution is technology-based and continuous glucose monitoring is a form of artificial intelligence enabling people living with T1 diabetes to make smarter choices more often and at a faster pace with more information. If people with diabetes are unable to access this intelligent technology, they will be at increased risk of complications, hypoglycaemia, reducing their quality of life. The use of CGM by T1D, with complementary psychotherapy, indicated improved health related quality of life.

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    Authors: Pyrooz, David; Huff, Jessica; Nix, Justin; Mourtgos, Scott; +1 Authors

    Many U.S. cities witnessed both de-policing and increased crime in 2020, yet it remains unclear whether the former contributed to the latter. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that evaluate highly focused interventions atypical of day-to-day policing, use cities as the unit of analysis, or cannot rule out endogeneity. This study addresses each of these issues, thereby advancing the evidence base concerning the effects of policing on crime. Leveraging two exogenous shocks presented by the onset of COVID-19 and social unrest following the murder of George Floyd, we evaluated the effects of sudden and sustained reductions in high-discretion policing on crime at the neighborhood level in Denver. Multilevel models accounting for trends in prior police activity, neighborhood structure, seasonality, and population mobility revealed mixed results. On one hand, large-scale reductions in stops and drug-related arrests were associated with significant increases in violent and property crimes, respectively. On the other hand, fewer disorder arrests did not affect crime. These results were not universal across neighborhoods. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of debates concerning the appropriate role of policing in the 21st century.

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    https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
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      https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
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  • Authors: Acevedo, Amanda; RW, Romy; Ferrer, Rebecca; Bowers, Jennifer; +2 Authors

    This study will use data from the Relationships, Risk Perceptions, and Cancer-related Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic (R2C2) project to understand whether individuals’ own perceived stress and/or discrimination is associated with their or their partner’s depressive symptoms among romantic, cohabitating dyads. Additionally, the study will examine whether racial concordance among dyads moderates these associations. Existing literature highlights both perceived stress and experiences of discrimination influence anxiety and depression in interracial and intra-racial relationships, but studies often overlook the influence of partners’ stress and experiences of discrimination. This study uses actor-partner interdependence modeling to examine associations among stress, discrimination, and depressive symptoms in racially concordant and discordant couples. Participants were recruited through Prolific from October 2021-June 2022. Recruitment was stratified to oversample individuals from underrepresented racial/ethnic identities. Participants were eligible if they were in a romantic cohabitating relationship, participated on Prolific with their partner, were fluent in English, and lived in the US or UK. Eligible participants completed two self-reported surveys, with approximately one month between the surveys. Survey items included perceived stress, experiences of discrimination, depressive symptoms, and race/ethnicity. Multilevel modeling will examine depressive symptoms as an outcome and survey completion timing, country, age, gender, and education as covariates. We obtained complete data for 194 dyads. This study will provide insights into how stress and discrimination are associated with depressive symptoms among interracial and intra-racial couples during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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  • Authors: Minu Choi;

    Art as a means of supporting mental wellbeing has seen recent advances in scientific support and improvements in accessibility. This is welcoming news especially with the urgent need for self-help tools brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to test a new eight-week digital art wellness program (created by Mindfull of Art) and its effectiveness as a supporting tool for mental health. Evidence of reduced anxiety levels throughout and after the program will be interpreted as support for the hypothesis that regular digital art creation can benefit mental health. Findings from this study can provide insight into how accessibility for art-based wellness practices can be improved.

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  • Authors: XU, YOU;

    [Objective] To establish a multi-dimensional and standardized lexical database of COVID-19-related terms and words. The database may have facilitated COVID-19-related research in domains such as Psychology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, etc. [Methods] This database referred to the established methods of the emotional lexical database at home and abroad, and used the dot-detection task and words in the database as experimental materials to test the attention bias of the subjects suspected of having COVID-19 phobia, so as to test the validity of the database. [Results] 196 COVID-19-related words and 99 neutral words were included in the word database. Then, we classified and evaluated the words through six dimensions, and established a standardized database of Chinese COVID-19-related terms. The words have good reliability and internal consistency. In addition, the validity was tested through the dot-detection task. Subjects with COVID-19 fear and those without COVID-19 fear showed a significant attentional bias toward COVID-19-related words [Limitations] The initial sample size is small and the database application needs further development. [Conclusions] The database of Chinese COVID-19 terms has good reliability, internal consistency, and reliability, and can be used as materials related to COVID-19-related research in the future.

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  • Authors: Balla, Attila; Simonovits, Gábor;

    This pre-registration summarzes the research design and pre-analysis plan for this media bias study in Hungary. In July 2020, in one of Hungary’s most prominent online news sites (index.hu), the entire editorial staff resigned because of political pressure from the autocratic government. While the site has not started to publish hard propaganda with the new editorial team, strong doubts remained as to whether it remained independent. I hypothesize that after the change they are using sophisticated forms of information manipulation. Reporting less bad news (censorship) and framing the government as a competent actor by attributing positive events to them while blaming external actors for the negative event (selective attribution) are two possible ways to implement less visible news manipulation. With a corpus of COVID-19-related news - a salient topic both before and after the editorial change - from index.hu and from four further news sites I aim to document the shift in the news coverage. News fragments with relevant governmental or external actors are selected and rated with human coders and with a supervised learning algorithm. The direction change will be analyzed with the synthetic difference-in-differences method.

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  • Authors: Lin, Li;

    To explore young patients' cognitive, behavioral, and physiological effects in complex and uncertain triage situations, a randomized controlled trial was used to divide young patients aged 18–40 years according to COVID-19 typical symptoms into four groups, with 30 participants in each group. Guidelines were hung in prominent places and broadcast. Screening symptoms of COVID-19, consultation, vital signs, and hematology tests were conducted. The attention, memory, behavior, emotion, and physiological function were scored and statistically analyzed.

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  • Authors: Handoyo, Restu; Putri, Siska Hamelia;

    Supports for people with intellectual disabilities are essential to promote optimal functioning and participation in their environment. People with intellectual disabilities need direct assistance in carrying out various activities. The availability of supports for people with intellectual disabilities went through changes and had been limited during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, people with intellectual disabilities, as well as their caregivers and service providers, need to make adjustments. The objective of this study is to ascertain information regarding the types of supports accessible to individuals with intellectual disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This includes an examination of their characteristics (e.g., providers, media, resources) as well as an evaluation of the support program.

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  • Authors: Shahin, Hana; ODonnell, Molly; Dellner, Sarah;

    COVID-19 has affected everyone's wellbeing. This study aims to identify the main risk and protective factors in relation to COVID-19 and personal wellbeing. Besides racial and ethnic disparities relating to COVID-19, we are interested to see if different work conditions and professions, family status and relations, experience with COVID-19 among other factors affect people's wellbeing during the last year (09.2021-until data collection) of COVID-19. The chosen time period is since September 2021, especially that since that time, schools were reopened and most workplaces went back to in person. Studies covering the negative effects of COVID-19 have identifying factors that affected people's wellbeing. This study aims to examine if these factors are still persistent, especially that most schools and workplaces are going back to in persons. The implications of this study will guide interventions to facilitate a more positive "new normal" times as COVID-19 still persists.

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