• COVID-19
• Publicationsclose
• Other research productsclose
• 2019-2023close
• FR close
• Hal-Diderot close
• Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société close
• COVID-19 close

International audience; How do we talk about confinement? What words and phrases do we use? Who do we declare responsible for the decision to call a lockdown that confines us to our homes and severely restricts our movements? What kind of traces will we keep to remember this period by in the future? This article presents the research project and collaborative challenge “Windows on Confinement” is to systematically take photos of the messages that we observe in the public space, in shop-windows, or on public buildings, during the brief outings we are allowed, and then share them on social networks (#WindowsInLockdown) or on a collaborative platform.; Comment parlons-nous du confinement ? Avec quels mots et quelles phrases ? Qui nommons nous comme responsables de la décision de confinement qui nous contraint à rester chez nous et à limiter le plus possible nos déplacements ? Quels documents garderons-nous pour témoigner de cette période dans le futur ? Cet article présente le projet de recherche et défi collaboratif « Nos vitrines parlent à l’heure du confinement » qui constituait lors des brèves sorties autorisées, à prendre de manière la plus systématique possible des photographies en gros plan et en mode paysage des messages apposés par les commerçants dans leurs vitrines, par les responsables de lieux publics non-commerçants sur leurs façades ou par les citoyens sur leurs fenêtres privées et de les partager sur les réseaux sociaux ou sur une plateforme collaborative dédiée.

International audience

International audience; Au Pérou comme en Bolivie, la pandémie de Covid 19 a donné lieu à la mise en place de confinement nationaux. Nous avons choisi d’examiner la manière dont la pandémie a affecté les sociétés des Amériques à travers l’examen des mobilités induites par l’imposition du confinement. Cette recherche sera conduite à partir d’enquêtes ethnographiques et historiques menées auprès de populations et/ou minorités péruviennes et boliviennes. Notre approche sera résolument comparative et à deux échelles : au-delà d’une comparaison entre différentes études de cas, il s’agira de faire dialoguer deux disciplines, l’histoire et l’anthropologie. Cette « conversation » à deux voix se propose aussi d’envisager successivement, sous l’angle de ces deux disciplines, deux modalités consubstantielles à l’expérience humaine et bousculées par la période actuelle, le spatial — les marches incarnant des mobilités paradoxales en temps d’immobilisations nationales — et le temporel — le règne actuel de l’incertitude induisant des rapports divers au futur. Ce texte souhaite ainsi envisager, dans une double perspective spatiale et temporelle, l’appréhension humaine des errances induites par la situation sanitaire et sa gestion: de quelles dynamiques sont-elles porteuses? Qu’interrogent-elles des trajectoires historiques prises par leurs pays respectifs?

International audience; The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the implementation of unprecedented public health intervention measures, not least the lockdown of countries worldwide. In our hyperconnected world exemplified by social media, it is now possible to derive quantitative measures of human mobilities at useful spatial scales. In this chapter we discuss how the use of Facebook data enables us not only to capture the impact of lockdown on human mobility but also to assess how changes in mobility contribute to the spread of the virus. By performing a comparative analysis across four countries of differing levels of lockdown—Sweden, US, France and Colombia—we show that mobility contributes a substantial amount to the spread of the disease. This contribution is strongest when the local number of cases is low, but, importantly, is maintained even when the virus is widespread. Current epidemiological models do not take into account such mobility patterns and yet there exists a developed theoretical framework within which mobility can be included. Inclusion of mobility data would allow public health authorities to focus on highly connected hubs of infection and, because mobility patterns are relatively stable over time, would also enable forecasting of how the spread of this or another novel virus is going to occur. Anticipating epidemics and their spread is key for developing suitable but targeted intervention strategies and avoiding draconian lockdowns that are so harmful to the economy.

Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by circulatory insufficiency caused by an acute dysfunction of the heart pump. The pathophysiological approach to CS has recently been enriched by the tissue consequences of low flow, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The aim of the present trial is to evaluate the impact of early low-dose corticosteroid therapy on shock reversal in adults with CS. Method/design This is a multicentered randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with two parallel arms in adult patients with CS recruited from medical, cardiac, and polyvalent intensive care units (ICU) in France. Patients will be randomly allocated into the treatment or control group (1:1 ratio), and we will recruit 380 patients (190 per group). For the treatment group, hydrocortisone (50 mg intravenous bolus every 6 h) and fludrocortisone (50 μg once a day enterally) will be administered for 7 days or until discharge from the ICU. The primary endpoint is catecholamine-free days at day 7. Secondary endpoints include morbidity and all-cause mortality at 28 and 90 days post-randomization. Pre-defined subgroups analyses are planned, including: postcardiotomy, myocardial infarction, etomidate use, vasopressor use, and adrenal profiles according the short corticotropin stimulation test. Each patient will be followed for 90 days. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Discussion This trial will provide valuable evidence about the effectiveness of low dose of corticosteroid therapy for CS. If effective, this therapy might improve outcome and become a therapeutic adjunct for patients with CS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03773822. Registered on 12 December 2018

Nowadays, supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19 pandemic, demand variation, raw material shortage, etc., made the supply chains unable to deal with emerging market problems. Responding to the new requirements has underscored the need to ensure a reconfigurable supply chain in order to survive in this uncertain economic environment. Indeed, the objective of this study is to identify the quantitative factors of each reconfigurability characteristic representing the reconfigurability assessment indicators (modularity, integrability, convertibility, diagnosability, scalability and customization). Based on the literature review, quantitative factors used to assess the degree of reconfigurability in supply chain are determined. These factors allow classifying reconfigurability characteristics according to the degree of their influence on the supply chain structure or supply chain functions. Through this research work, we try to facilitate the assessment of reconfigurability based on its characteristics in order to determine the ability of the supply chain to cope with new emerging disruptions.

Transmission models for infectious diseases are typically formulated in terms of dynamics between individuals or groups with processes such as disease progression or recovery for each individual captured phenomenologically, without reference to underlying biological processes. Furthermore, the construction of these models is often monolithic: they do not allow one to readily modify the processes involved or include the new ones, or to combine models at different scales. We show how to construct a simple model of immune response to a respiratory virus and a model of transmission using an easily modifiable set of rules allowing further refining and merging the two models together. The immune response model reproduces the expected response curve of PCR testing for COVID-19 and implies a long-tailed distribution of infectiousness reflective of individual heterogeneity. This immune response model, when combined with a transmission model, reproduces the previously reported shift in the population distribution of viral loads along an epidemic trajectory. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.

COVID-19 outbreaks at nursing homes during the recent pandemic, which received ample media coverage, may have lasting negative impacts on individuals’ perceptions regarding ursing homes. We argue that this could have sizable and persistent implications for savings and long-term care policies. We first develop a theoretical model predicting that higher nurs- ing home aversion should induce higher savings and stronger support for policies subsidizing home care. We further document, based on a survey on Canadians in their 50s and 60s, that higher nursing home aversion is widespread: 72% of respondents are less inclined to enter a nursing home because of the pandemic. Consistent with our model, we find that the latter are much more likely to have higher intended savings for older age because of the pandemic. We also find that they are more likely to strongly support home care subsidies.