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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lobinger, Katharina; Lucchesi, Federico; Tarnutzer, Seraina;

    Project: Visualized relationships - functions and problems. A repertoire-oriented investigation of visual and image-related communication among couples and friends in Switzerland. The project has been funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant n°179484 (see below for further information). File content: Participants' overview This file contains an overview of the 60 participants interviewed for the ViRe project, providing details on their age, gender, living situation, as well as the type and duration of their relationships. For more information, refer to the method description below. General project description With technological changes in the field of “networked photography” and the increasing diffusion of photo sharing via mobile and networked devices, current media environments and practices are changing. The public discourse on these changes is dominated by fears of potentially negative implications for close social relationships. Critical scenarios of consequences and effects are often developed without a differentiated view that acknowledges the contexts of use and situational meanings of visual and image-related communication in close social relationships. Moreover, previous visual communication research has focused primarily on analyzing certain individual communication technologies and platforms or certain image motifs and genres but not on the interrelations of said elements. This project focused on close social relationships in the sense of non-media-centered media and communication research. The project proposed a repertoire-oriented study that explicitly examined the interaction of visual communication and visual communication technologies against the background of the highly complex multimodal communication repertoires of close social relationships in Switzerland. The focus was on the role, functions, and meaning of visual communication in couple relationships and close friendships, as well as related problem areas, rules, norms, and negotiation processes. This comprehensive approach allowed a differentiated assessment of the potentials and (assumed) risks of an increasing mediatization and visualization of close social relationships. Precisely, by not focusing exclusively on risks but starting with everyday communication, the project could was able to carve out the problematic aspects, identify negotiated “adequate” visual practices and their important social functions for the maintenance phase of close social relationships, and point out possible solutions. Method description The methodological design of the project combined qualitative pair and individual interviews conducted in different languages (English, French, (Swiss) German, and Italian). The study was based on 21 couples’ and nine friends’ dyads in Switzerland, amounting to 90 problem-oriented, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 60 participants (30 pair interviews and 60 individual interviews). Interviews were combined with creative visual methods such as participatory network drawings and visual elicitation (e.g., participants being encouraged to bring 3-5 meaningful or typical pictures of their relationship at the start of the pair interview, and to show visuals during the interviews). Also, verbal prompts were used in the individual interviews to explore sensitive topics such as norms and rules of visual communication. During the first wave of COVID-19 in Switzerland in Spring 2020, the methodology was extended to quantitative online surveys and follow-up video interviews to assess participants’ well-being and changes in their visual communication practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim in the four languages. Based on ethical considerations, verbal transcripts were carefully anonymized, and any identifiers in the collected visual data material were removed through pixelation. Verbal data was analyzed by conducting thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive categorization using NVivo. Visuals were analyzed through qualitative visual analysis, that is, a) image type analysis, which was developed within the scope of the project, based on a texto-material understanding of visuals, and b) through in-depth visual analysis. In addition, picture overviews and case summaries were created for each dyad to facilitate cross-case comparison. Notably, verbal and visual data were combined in these analytical steps, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of each unit of analysis.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lobinger, Katharina; Lucchesi, Federico; Tarnutzer, Seraina;

    Project: Visualized relationships - functions and problems. A repertoire-oriented investigation of visual and image-related communication among couples and friends in Switzerland. The project has been funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant n°179484 (see below for further information). File content: Image Type Overview and Short Descriptions The document provides a summary of image types generated through a text-material approach. Using this analytical method, images obtained from participants were categorized. The file also includes brief descriptions of each image type. General project description With technological changes in the field of “networked photography” and the increasing diffusion of photo sharing via mobile and networked devices, current media environments and practices are changing. The public discourse on these changes is dominated by fears of potentially negative implications for close social relationships. Critical scenarios of consequences and effects are often developed without a differentiated view that acknowledges the contexts of use and situational meanings of visual and image-related communication in close social relationships. Moreover, previous visual communication research has focused primarily on analyzing certain individual communication technologies and platforms or certain image motifs and genres but not on the interrelations of said elements. This project focused on close social relationships in the sense of non-media-centered media and communication research. The project proposed a repertoire-oriented study that explicitly examined the interaction of visual communication and visual communication technologies against the background of the highly complex multimodal communication repertoires of close social relationships in Switzerland. The focus was on the role, functions, and meaning of visual communication in couple relationships and close friendships, as well as related problem areas, rules, norms, and negotiation processes. This comprehensive approach allowed a differentiated assessment of the potentials and (assumed) risks of an increasing mediatization and visualization of close social relationships. Precisely, by not focusing exclusively on risks but starting with everyday communication, the project could was able to carve out the problematic aspects, identify negotiated “adequate” visual practices and their important social functions for the maintenance phase of close social relationships, and point out possible solutions. Method description The methodological design of the project combined qualitative pair and individual interviews conducted in different languages (English, French, (Swiss) German, and Italian). The study was based on 21 couples’ and nine friends’ dyads in Switzerland, amounting to 90 problem-oriented, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 60 participants (30 pair interviews and 60 individual interviews). Interviews were combined with creative visual methods such as participatory network drawings and visual elicitation (e.g., participants being encouraged to bring 3-5 meaningful or typical pictures of their relationship at the start of the pair interview, and to show visuals during the interviews). Also, verbal prompts were used in the individual interviews to explore sensitive topics such as norms and rules of visual communication. During the first wave of COVID-19 in Switzerland in Spring 2020, the methodology was extended to quantitative online surveys and follow-up video interviews to assess participants’ well-being and changes in their visual communication practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim in the four languages. Based on ethical considerations, verbal transcripts were carefully anonymized, and any identifiers in the collected visual data material were removed through pixelation. Verbal data was analyzed by conducting thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive categorization using NVivo. Visuals were analyzed through qualitative visual analysis, that is, a) image type analysis, which was developed within the scope of the project, based on a texto-material understanding of visuals, and b) through in-depth visual analysis. In addition, picture overviews and case summaries were created for each dyad to facilitate cross-case comparison. Notably, verbal and visual data were combined in these analytical steps, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of each unit of analysis.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kempf, Michael;

    Overview This dataset is the repository for the following paper submitted to Data in Brief: Kempf, M. A dataset to model Levantine landcover and land-use change connected to climate change, the Arab Spring and COVID-19. Data in Brief (submitted: December 2023). The Data in Brief article contains the supplement information and is the related data paper to: Kempf, M. Climate change, the Arab Spring, and COVID-19 - Impacts on landcover transformations in the Levant. Journal of Arid Environments (revision submitted: December 2023). Description/abstract The Levant region is highly vulnerable to climate change, experiencing prolonged heat waves that have led to societal crises and population displacement. Since 2010, the area has been marked by socio-political turmoil, including the Syrian civil war and currently the escalation of the so-called Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, which strained neighbouring countries like Jordan due to the influx of Syrian refugees and increases population vulnerability to governmental decision-making. Jordan, in particular, has seen rapid population growth and significant changes in land-use and infrastructure, leading to over-exploitation of the landscape through irrigation and construction. This dataset uses climate data, satellite imagery, and land cover information to illustrate the substantial increase in construction activity and highlights the intricate relationship between climate change predictions and current socio-political developments in the Levant. Folder structure The main folder after download contains all data, in which the following subfolders are stored are stored as zipped files: “code” stores the above described 9 code chunks to read, extract, process, analyse, and visualize the data. “MODIS_merged” contains the 16-days, 250 m resolution NDVI imagery merged from three tiles (h20v05, h21v05, h21v06) and cropped to the study area, n=510, covering January 2001 to December 2022 and including January and February 2023. “mask” contains a single shapefile, which is the merged product of administrative boundaries, including Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, and Palestine (“MERGED_LEVANT.shp”). “yield_productivity” contains .csv files of yield information for all countries listed above. “population” contains two files with the same name but different format. The .csv file is for processing and plotting in R. The .ods file is for enhanced visualization of population dynamics in the Levant (Socio_cultural_political_development_database_FAO2023.ods). “GLDAS” stores the raw data of the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System datasets that can be read, extracted (variable name), and processed using code “8_GLDAS_read_extract_trend” from the respective folder. One folder contains data from 1975-2022 and a second the additional January and February 2023 data. “built_up” contains the landcover and built-up change data from 1975 to 2022. This folder is subdivided into two subfolder which contain the raw data and the already processed data. “raw_data” contains the unprocessed datasets and “derived_data” stores the cropped built_up datasets at 5 year intervals, e.g., “Levant_built_up_1975.tif”. Code structure 1_MODIS_NDVI_hdf_file_extraction.R This is the first code chunk that refers to the extraction of MODIS data from .hdf file format. The following packages must be installed and the raw data must be downloaded using a simple mass downloader, e.g., from google chrome. Packages: terra. Download MODIS data from after registration from: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13q1v061/ or https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search (MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061, last accessed, 09th of October 2023). The code reads a list of files, extracts the NDVI, and saves each file to a single .tif-file with the indication “NDVI”. Because the study area is quite large, we have to load three different (spatially) time series and merge them later. Note that the time series are temporally consistent. 2_MERGE_MODIS_tiles.R In this code, we load and merge the three different stacks to produce large and consistent time series of NDVI imagery across the study area. We further use the package gtools to load the files in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.). Here, we have three stacks from which we merge the first two (stack 1, stack 2) and store them. We then merge this stack with stack 3. We produce single files named NDVI_final_*consecutivenumber*.tif. Before saving the final output of single merged files, create a folder called “merged” and set the working directory to this folder, e.g., setwd("your directory__MODIS/merged"). 3_CROP_MODIS_merged_tiles.R Now we want to crop the derived MODIS tiles to our study area. We are using a mask, which is provided as .shp file in the repository, named "MERGED_LEVANT.shp". We load the merged .tif files and crop the stack with the vector. Saving to individual files, we name them “NDVI_merged_clip_*consecutivenumber*.tif. We now produced single cropped NDVI time series data from MODIS. The repository provides the already clipped and merged NDVI datasets. 4_TREND_analysis_NDVI.R Now, we want to perform trend analysis from the derived data. The data we load is tricky as it contains 16-days return period across a year for the period of 22 years. Growing season sums contain MAM (March-May), JJA (June-August), and SON (September-November). December is represented as a single file, which means that the period DJF (December-February) is represented by 5 images instead of 6. For the last DJF period (December 2022), the data from January and February 2023 can be added. The code selects the respective images from the stack, depending on which period is under consideration. From these stacks, individual annually resolved growing season sums are generated and the slope is calculated. We can then extract the p-values of the trend and characterize all values with high confidence level (0.05). Using the ggplot2 package and the melt function from reshape2 package, we can create a plot of the reclassified NDVI trends together with a local smoother (LOESS) of value 0.3.To increase comparability and understand the amplitude of the trends, z-scores were calculated and plotted, which show the deviation of the values from the mean. This has been done for the NDVI values as well as the GLDAS climate variables as a normalization technique. 5_BUILT_UP_change_raster.R Let us look at the landcover changes now. We are working with the terra package and get raster data from here: https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download.php?ds=bu (last accessed 03. March 2023, 100 m resolution, global coverage). Here, one can download the temporal coverage that is aimed for and reclassify it using the code after cropping to the individual study area. Here, I summed up different raster to characterize the built-up change in continuous values between 1975 and 2022. 6_POPULATION_numbers_plot.R For this plot, one needs to load the .csv-file “Socio_cultural_political_development_database_FAO2023.csv” from the repository. The ggplot script provided produces the desired plot with all countries under consideration. 7_YIELD_plot.R In this section, we are using the country productivity from the supplement in the repository “yield_productivity” (e.g., "Jordan_yield.csv". Each of the single country yield datasets is plotted in a ggplot and combined using the patchwork package in R. 8_GLDAS_read_extract_trend The last code provides the basis for the trend analysis of the climate variables used in the paper. The raw data can be accessed https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=GLDAS%20Noah%20Land%20Surface%20Model%20L4%20monthly&page=1 (last accessed 9th of October 2023). The raw data comes in .nc file format and various variables can be extracted using the [“^a variable name”] command from the spatraster collection. Each time you run the code, this variable name must be adjusted to meet the requirements for the variables (see this link for abbreviations: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GLDAS_CLSM025_D_2.0/summary, last accessed 09th of October 2023; or the respective code chunk when reading a .nc file with the ncdf4 package in R) or run print(nc) from the code or use names(the spatraster collection). Choosing one variable, the code uses the MERGED_LEVANT.shp mask from the repository to crop and mask the data to the outline of the study area.From the processed data, trend analysis are conducted and z-scores were calculated following the code described above. However, annual trends require the frequency of the time series analysis to be set to value = 12. Regarding, e.g., rainfall, which is measured as annual sums and not means, the chunk r.sum=r.sum/12 has to be removed or set to r.sum=r.sum/1 to avoid calculating annual mean values (see other variables). Seasonal subset can be calculated as described in the code. Here, 3-month subsets were chosen for growing seasons, e.g. March-May (MAM), June-July (JJA), September-November (SON), and DJF (December-February, including Jan/Feb of the consecutive year).From the data, mean values of 48 consecutive years are calculated and trend analysis are performed as describe above. In the same way, p-values are extracted and 95 % confidence level values are marked with dots on the raster plot. This analysis can be performed with a much longer time series, other variables, ad different spatial extent across the globe due to the availability of the GLDAS variables. (9_workflow_diagramme) this simple code can be used to plot a workflow diagram and is detached from the actual analysis. ___ Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, and Funding acquisition: Michael Kempf ___ Acknowledgements I would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that sharpened the paper in the Journal of Arid Environments. I am particularly grateful to the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF/SNF) to fund my research project EXOCHAINS - Exploring Holocene Climate Change and Human Innovations across Eurasia at the University of Basel under grant number TMPFP2_217358. __ All data underlying the results of this article are publicly available on the internet: GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 data: NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) Program, https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=GLDAS%20Noah%20Land%20Surface%20Model%20L4%20monthly&page=1 (last accessed 09th December 2023); Country borders: https://www.geoboundaries.org (last accessed 7th of March 2023) and Natural Earth https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (last accessed 5th of December 2023); FAOstats (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (last accessed 7th of March 2023); Global Human Settlement Layer datasets (GHSL): https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download.php?ds=bu (last accessed 7th of March 2023); Population development: FAO, https://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=JOR (last accessed 4th of March 2023); the Worldbank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/home (last accessed: 04th of March 2023); Worlddata.info, https://www.worlddata.info/asia/palestine/populationgrowth.php (last accessed 4th of March 2023); Water demand and population numbers (Tab. 1): https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/OA; https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators# (last accessed 13th of December 2023); MODIS: Earthdata server of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006, https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13q1v061/ (last accessed 7th of March 2023). Competing interests statement:The author declares no conflict of interest.The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.Data availability: All data underlying the analyses are freely available on the internet and where applicable, sources are cited in the text.Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.Informed consent: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

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    Authors: Davoine, Eric; Cangià, Flavia; Tawfik, Sabrine; Salamin, Xavier;

    With the shift to knowledge-based economies and the dominance of the service sector in developed economies, there has been a growing need for companies to hire 'knowledge workers' in increasingly complex roles. Particularly, IT professionals might often engage in international mobility for work. At the same time, the digitalization of work now makes employment more location independent, challenging the traditional understanding of labor and migration, and the work-life boundaries. In this project, we examine the paradoxical tensions in the experiences of (im)mobilities and boundaries for IT professionals engaged in transnational work within Swiss companies, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. We ask how these tensions shape their transnational (im)mobile work experiences, and how new corporate practices and policies respond to these tensions. Understanding organizational perspectives and practices in combination with individual experiences of digital work is crucial to exploring the future and the potential decline of highly skilled migration.

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      ZENODO
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    Authors: Cangià, Flavia; Wassmer, Sabrine; Davoine, Eric; Salamin, Xavier;

    Codebook along DDI standard, txt file. This article explores the interplay between digital work and mobility through a look at the career trajectories, remote work practices and im/mobilities of professionals in the information technology (IT) sector. We draw upon a qualitative study conducted with IT professionals who work remotely for Swiss or Swiss-based international companies. IT professionals have been pioneers in practising virtual work long before the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis and have long engaged in various forms of mobility, including tourism and labour migration. A focus on their remote work and im/mobility practices can shed light on the possibilities and challenges of the virtualization of work, especially in the context of the pandemic. We discuss how geographical immobility, combined with digital technology, becomes important in building a career and a personal life, staying 'rooted' and reconstituting the boundaries between work and non-work.

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    ZENODO
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    Authors: Naous, Dana; Stepanovic, Stefan; Mettler, Tobias;

    While governmental tracing apps received special attention by research and the media during the Covid-19 pandemic, the surge in new work surveillance technologies went almost unnoticed. New organizational infrastructures based on Internet-of-things (IoT) technology have emerged at both, public and private sector organizations, promising a safe return to the workplace but equally threatening the privacy of employees. The goal of this paper is to take a closer look at a technology with ambivalent use by conducting a meta-synthesis of extant IoT studies. We classify the literature into four use cases with their implementation options: physical health monitoring, mental health monitoring, environmental health monitoring, and connected workplace. We also discuss main challenges emerging from privacy concerns along the IoT data lifecycle for occupational health initiatives in the office context. Based on that, we propose normative guidelines to assist employers interested in implementing privacy preserving IoT solu-tions for health and safety at work.

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      Serveur académique lausannois
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    Authors: Roberts, Leah; Deml, Michael J.; Attwell, Katie;

    Adults with comorbidities have faced a high risk from COVID-19 infection. However, Western Australia experienced relatively few infections and deaths from 2020 until early 2022 compared with other OECD countries, as hard border policies allowed for wide-scale vaccination before mass infections began. This research investigated the thoughts, feelings, risk perceptions, and practices of Western Australian adults with comorbidities aged 18–60 years in regard to COVID-19 disease and COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted 14 in-depth qualitative interviews between January and April 2022, just as the disease was starting to circulate. We coded results inductively and deductively, combining the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and vaccine belief models. Non-hesitant participants believed COVID-19 vaccines were safe and effective at mitigating COVID-19′s threat and subsequently got vaccinated. Vaccine hesitant participants were less convinced the disease was severe or that they were susceptible to it; they also did not consider the vaccines to be sufficiently safe. Yet, for some hesitant participants, the exogenous force of mandates prompted vaccination. This work is important to understand how people’s thoughts and feelings about their comorbidities and risks from COVID-19 influence vaccine uptake and how mandatory policies can affect uptake in this cohort.

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    Authors: Nadeau, Sarah Ann; id_orcid0000-0003-1008-8918; Vaughan, Timothy G.; Beckmann, Christiane; Topolsky, Ivan; id_orcid0000-0002-7561-0810; +21 Authors

    Genome sequences from evolving infectious pathogens allow quantification of case introductions and local transmission dynamics. We sequenced 11,357 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from Switzerland in 2020 - the sixth largest effort globally. Using a representative subset of these data, we estimated viral introductions to Switzerland and their persistence over the course of 2020. We contrasted these estimates with simple null models representing the absence of certain public health measures. We show that Switzerland’s border closures de-coupled case introductions from incidence in neighboring countries. Under a simple model, we estimate an 86–98% reduction in introductions during Switzerland’s strictest border closures. Furthermore, the Swiss 2020 partial lockdown roughly halved the time for sampled introductions to die out. Last, we quantified local transmission dynamics once introductions into Switzerland occurred, using a phylodynamic model. We found that transmission slowed 35–63% upon outbreak detection in summer 2020, but not in fall. This finding may indicate successful contact tracing over summer before overburdening in fall. The study highlights the added value of genome sequencing data for understanding transmission dynamics. Science Translational Medicine, 15 (680) ISSN:1946-6234 ISSN:1946-6242

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    Authors: Emmenegger, Marc; De Cecco, Elena; Lamparter, David; Jacquat, Raphaël P.B.; +20 Authors

    Effective public health measures against SARS-CoV-2 require granular knowledge of population-level immune responses. We developed a Tripartite Automated Blood Immunoassay (TRABI) to assess the IgG response against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We used TRABI for continuous seromonitoring of hospital patients and blood donors (n = 72′250) in the canton of Zurich from December 2019 to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period). We found that antibodies waned with a half-life of 75 days, whereas the cumulative incidence rose from 2.3% in June 2020 to 12.2% in mid-December 2020. A follow-up health survey indicated that about 10% of patients infected with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 sustained some symptoms at least twelve months post COVID-19. Crucially, we found no evidence of a difference in long-term complications between those whose infection was symptomatic and those with asymptomatic acute infection. The cohort of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects represents a resource for the study of chronic and possibly unexpected sequelae. iScience, 26 (2) ISSN:2589-0042

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    Authors: Chatelan, Angeline; Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman;

    Public health preventive interventions aim to improve population health through two main approaches. Firstly, individual-centered interventions seek to change knowledge and behaviors of individuals identified as at high risk of disease. Secondly, population-centered interventions are delivered across the whole population, without prior detection of individuals at increased risk of disease (1). Population-centered interventions can address three types of health determinants: (i) the personal behaviors (e.g., mass media campaigns to improve diet), (ii) the physical environment (e.g., clean air and water policies), and (iii) the social and economic environment (e.g., safe housing provision). Despite the significant role of both individual- and populationcentered approaches in improving population health during the last decades, health inequities between socially, culturally, or financially disadvantaged groups within populations are increasing, at least for some health outcomes (2). This is partly due to shortcomings of both individual- and population-centered approaches. Learning from modern public health history and given the health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, this commentary argues that 21st-century public health should mainly invest in vulnerable population interventions. This approach aims to decrease health inequities between socially defined groups and is a necessary complement to population-centered interventions.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lobinger, Katharina; Lucchesi, Federico; Tarnutzer, Seraina;

    Project: Visualized relationships - functions and problems. A repertoire-oriented investigation of visual and image-related communication among couples and friends in Switzerland. The project has been funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant n°179484 (see below for further information). File content: Participants' overview This file contains an overview of the 60 participants interviewed for the ViRe project, providing details on their age, gender, living situation, as well as the type and duration of their relationships. For more information, refer to the method description below. General project description With technological changes in the field of “networked photography” and the increasing diffusion of photo sharing via mobile and networked devices, current media environments and practices are changing. The public discourse on these changes is dominated by fears of potentially negative implications for close social relationships. Critical scenarios of consequences and effects are often developed without a differentiated view that acknowledges the contexts of use and situational meanings of visual and image-related communication in close social relationships. Moreover, previous visual communication research has focused primarily on analyzing certain individual communication technologies and platforms or certain image motifs and genres but not on the interrelations of said elements. This project focused on close social relationships in the sense of non-media-centered media and communication research. The project proposed a repertoire-oriented study that explicitly examined the interaction of visual communication and visual communication technologies against the background of the highly complex multimodal communication repertoires of close social relationships in Switzerland. The focus was on the role, functions, and meaning of visual communication in couple relationships and close friendships, as well as related problem areas, rules, norms, and negotiation processes. This comprehensive approach allowed a differentiated assessment of the potentials and (assumed) risks of an increasing mediatization and visualization of close social relationships. Precisely, by not focusing exclusively on risks but starting with everyday communication, the project could was able to carve out the problematic aspects, identify negotiated “adequate” visual practices and their important social functions for the maintenance phase of close social relationships, and point out possible solutions. Method description The methodological design of the project combined qualitative pair and individual interviews conducted in different languages (English, French, (Swiss) German, and Italian). The study was based on 21 couples’ and nine friends’ dyads in Switzerland, amounting to 90 problem-oriented, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 60 participants (30 pair interviews and 60 individual interviews). Interviews were combined with creative visual methods such as participatory network drawings and visual elicitation (e.g., participants being encouraged to bring 3-5 meaningful or typical pictures of their relationship at the start of the pair interview, and to show visuals during the interviews). Also, verbal prompts were used in the individual interviews to explore sensitive topics such as norms and rules of visual communication. During the first wave of COVID-19 in Switzerland in Spring 2020, the methodology was extended to quantitative online surveys and follow-up video interviews to assess participants’ well-being and changes in their visual communication practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim in the four languages. Based on ethical considerations, verbal transcripts were carefully anonymized, and any identifiers in the collected visual data material were removed through pixelation. Verbal data was analyzed by conducting thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive categorization using NVivo. Visuals were analyzed through qualitative visual analysis, that is, a) image type analysis, which was developed within the scope of the project, based on a texto-material understanding of visuals, and b) through in-depth visual analysis. In addition, picture overviews and case summaries were created for each dyad to facilitate cross-case comparison. Notably, verbal and visual data were combined in these analytical steps, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of each unit of analysis.

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    Authors: Lobinger, Katharina; Lucchesi, Federico; Tarnutzer, Seraina;

    Project: Visualized relationships - functions and problems. A repertoire-oriented investigation of visual and image-related communication among couples and friends in Switzerland. The project has been funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant n°179484 (see below for further information). File content: Image Type Overview and Short Descriptions The document provides a summary of image types generated through a text-material approach. Using this analytical method, images obtained from participants were categorized. The file also includes brief descriptions of each image type. General project description With technological changes in the field of “networked photography” and the increasing diffusion of photo sharing via mobile and networked devices, current media environments and practices are changing. The public discourse on these changes is dominated by fears of potentially negative implications for close social relationships. Critical scenarios of consequences and effects are often developed without a differentiated view that acknowledges the contexts of use and situational meanings of visual and image-related communication in close social relationships. Moreover, previous visual communication research has focused primarily on analyzing certain individual communication technologies and platforms or certain image motifs and genres but not on the interrelations of said elements. This project focused on close social relationships in the sense of non-media-centered media and communication research. The project proposed a repertoire-oriented study that explicitly examined the interaction of visual communication and visual communication technologies against the background of the highly complex multimodal communication repertoires of close social relationships in Switzerland. The focus was on the role, functions, and meaning of visual communication in couple relationships and close friendships, as well as related problem areas, rules, norms, and negotiation processes. This comprehensive approach allowed a differentiated assessment of the potentials and (assumed) risks of an increasing mediatization and visualization of close social relationships. Precisely, by not focusing exclusively on risks but starting with everyday communication, the project could was able to carve out the problematic aspects, identify negotiated “adequate” visual practices and their important social functions for the maintenance phase of close social relationships, and point out possible solutions. Method description The methodological design of the project combined qualitative pair and individual interviews conducted in different languages (English, French, (Swiss) German, and Italian). The study was based on 21 couples’ and nine friends’ dyads in Switzerland, amounting to 90 problem-oriented, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 60 participants (30 pair interviews and 60 individual interviews). Interviews were combined with creative visual methods such as participatory network drawings and visual elicitation (e.g., participants being encouraged to bring 3-5 meaningful or typical pictures of their relationship at the start of the pair interview, and to show visuals during the interviews). Also, verbal prompts were used in the individual interviews to explore sensitive topics such as norms and rules of visual communication. During the first wave of COVID-19 in Switzerland in Spring 2020, the methodology was extended to quantitative online surveys and follow-up video interviews to assess participants’ well-being and changes in their visual communication practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim in the four languages. Based on ethical considerations, verbal transcripts were carefully anonymized, and any identifiers in the collected visual data material were removed through pixelation. Verbal data was analyzed by conducting thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive categorization using NVivo. Visuals were analyzed through qualitative visual analysis, that is, a) image type analysis, which was developed within the scope of the project, based on a texto-material understanding of visuals, and b) through in-depth visual analysis. In addition, picture overviews and case summaries were created for each dyad to facilitate cross-case comparison. Notably, verbal and visual data were combined in these analytical steps, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of each unit of analysis.

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    Authors: Kempf, Michael;

    Overview This dataset is the repository for the following paper submitted to Data in Brief: Kempf, M. A dataset to model Levantine landcover and land-use change connected to climate change, the Arab Spring and COVID-19. Data in Brief (submitted: December 2023). The Data in Brief article contains the supplement information and is the related data paper to: Kempf, M. Climate change, the Arab Spring, and COVID-19 - Impacts on landcover transformations in the Levant. Journal of Arid Environments (revision submitted: December 2023). Description/abstract The Levant region is highly vulnerable to climate change, experiencing prolonged heat waves that have led to societal crises and population displacement. Since 2010, the area has been marked by socio-political turmoil, including the Syrian civil war and currently the escalation of the so-called Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, which strained neighbouring countries like Jordan due to the influx of Syrian refugees and increases population vulnerability to governmental decision-making. Jordan, in particular, has seen rapid population growth and significant changes in land-use and infrastructure, leading to over-exploitation of the landscape through irrigation and construction. This dataset uses climate data, satellite imagery, and land cover information to illustrate the substantial increase in construction activity and highlights the intricate relationship between climate change predictions and current socio-political developments in the Levant. Folder structure The main folder after download contains all data, in which the following subfolders are stored are stored as zipped files: “code” stores the above described 9 code chunks to read, extract, process, analyse, and visualize the data. “MODIS_merged” contains the 16-days, 250 m resolution NDVI imagery merged from three tiles (h20v05, h21v05, h21v06) and cropped to the study area, n=510, covering January 2001 to December 2022 and including January and February 2023. “mask” contains a single shapefile, which is the merged product of administrative boundaries, including Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, and Palestine (“MERGED_LEVANT.shp”). “yield_productivity” contains .csv files of yield information for all countries listed above. “population” contains two files with the same name but different format. The .csv file is for processing and plotting in R. The .ods file is for enhanced visualization of population dynamics in the Levant (Socio_cultural_political_development_database_FAO2023.ods). “GLDAS” stores the raw data of the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System datasets that can be read, extracted (variable name), and processed using code “8_GLDAS_read_extract_trend” from the respective folder. One folder contains data from 1975-2022 and a second the additional January and February 2023 data. “built_up” contains the landcover and built-up change data from 1975 to 2022. This folder is subdivided into two subfolder which contain the raw data and the already processed data. “raw_data” contains the unprocessed datasets and “derived_data” stores the cropped built_up datasets at 5 year intervals, e.g., “Levant_built_up_1975.tif”. Code structure 1_MODIS_NDVI_hdf_file_extraction.R This is the first code chunk that refers to the extraction of MODIS data from .hdf file format. The following packages must be installed and the raw data must be downloaded using a simple mass downloader, e.g., from google chrome. Packages: terra. Download MODIS data from after registration from: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13q1v061/ or https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search (MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061, last accessed, 09th of October 2023). The code reads a list of files, extracts the NDVI, and saves each file to a single .tif-file with the indication “NDVI”. Because the study area is quite large, we have to load three different (spatially) time series and merge them later. Note that the time series are temporally consistent. 2_MERGE_MODIS_tiles.R In this code, we load and merge the three different stacks to produce large and consistent time series of NDVI imagery across the study area. We further use the package gtools to load the files in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.). Here, we have three stacks from which we merge the first two (stack 1, stack 2) and store them. We then merge this stack with stack 3. We produce single files named NDVI_final_*consecutivenumber*.tif. Before saving the final output of single merged files, create a folder called “merged” and set the working directory to this folder, e.g., setwd("your directory__MODIS/merged"). 3_CROP_MODIS_merged_tiles.R Now we want to crop the derived MODIS tiles to our study area. We are using a mask, which is provided as .shp file in the repository, named "MERGED_LEVANT.shp". We load the merged .tif files and crop the stack with the vector. Saving to individual files, we name them “NDVI_merged_clip_*consecutivenumber*.tif. We now produced single cropped NDVI time series data from MODIS. The repository provides the already clipped and merged NDVI datasets. 4_TREND_analysis_NDVI.R Now, we want to perform trend analysis from the derived data. The data we load is tricky as it contains 16-days return period across a year for the period of 22 years. Growing season sums contain MAM (March-May), JJA (June-August), and SON (September-November). December is represented as a single file, which means that the period DJF (December-February) is represented by 5 images instead of 6. For the last DJF period (December 2022), the data from January and February 2023 can be added. The code selects the respective images from the stack, depending on which period is under consideration. From these stacks, individual annually resolved growing season sums are generated and the slope is calculated. We can then extract the p-values of the trend and characterize all values with high confidence level (0.05). Using the ggplot2 package and the melt function from reshape2 package, we can create a plot of the reclassified NDVI trends together with a local smoother (LOESS) of value 0.3.To increase comparability and understand the amplitude of the trends, z-scores were calculated and plotted, which show the deviation of the values from the mean. This has been done for the NDVI values as well as the GLDAS climate variables as a normalization technique. 5_BUILT_UP_change_raster.R Let us look at the landcover changes now. We are working with the terra package and get raster data from here: https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download.php?ds=bu (last accessed 03. March 2023, 100 m resolution, global coverage). Here, one can download the temporal coverage that is aimed for and reclassify it using the code after cropping to the individual study area. Here, I summed up different raster to characterize the built-up change in continuous values between 1975 and 2022. 6_POPULATION_numbers_plot.R For this plot, one needs to load the .csv-file “Socio_cultural_political_development_database_FAO2023.csv” from the repository. The ggplot script provided produces the desired plot with all countries under consideration. 7_YIELD_plot.R In this section, we are using the country productivity from the supplement in the repository “yield_productivity” (e.g., "Jordan_yield.csv". Each of the single country yield datasets is plotted in a ggplot and combined using the patchwork package in R. 8_GLDAS_read_extract_trend The last code provides the basis for the trend analysis of the climate variables used in the paper. The raw data can be accessed https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=GLDAS%20Noah%20Land%20Surface%20Model%20L4%20monthly&page=1 (last accessed 9th of October 2023). The raw data comes in .nc file format and various variables can be extracted using the [“^a variable name”] command from the spatraster collection. Each time you run the code, this variable name must be adjusted to meet the requirements for the variables (see this link for abbreviations: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GLDAS_CLSM025_D_2.0/summary, last accessed 09th of October 2023; or the respective code chunk when reading a .nc file with the ncdf4 package in R) or run print(nc) from the code or use names(the spatraster collection). Choosing one variable, the code uses the MERGED_LEVANT.shp mask from the repository to crop and mask the data to the outline of the study area.From the processed data, trend analysis are conducted and z-scores were calculated following the code described above. However, annual trends require the frequency of the time series analysis to be set to value = 12. Regarding, e.g., rainfall, which is measured as annual sums and not means, the chunk r.sum=r.sum/12 has to be removed or set to r.sum=r.sum/1 to avoid calculating annual mean values (see other variables). Seasonal subset can be calculated as described in the code. Here, 3-month subsets were chosen for growing seasons, e.g. March-May (MAM), June-July (JJA), September-November (SON), and DJF (December-February, including Jan/Feb of the consecutive year).From the data, mean values of 48 consecutive years are calculated and trend analysis are performed as describe above. In the same way, p-values are extracted and 95 % confidence level values are marked with dots on the raster plot. This analysis can be performed with a much longer time series, other variables, ad different spatial extent across the globe due to the availability of the GLDAS variables. (9_workflow_diagramme) this simple code can be used to plot a workflow diagram and is detached from the actual analysis. ___ Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, and Funding acquisition: Michael Kempf ___ Acknowledgements I would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that sharpened the paper in the Journal of Arid Environments. I am particularly grateful to the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF/SNF) to fund my research project EXOCHAINS - Exploring Holocene Climate Change and Human Innovations across Eurasia at the University of Basel under grant number TMPFP2_217358. __ All data underlying the results of this article are publicly available on the internet: GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 data: NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) Program, https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=GLDAS%20Noah%20Land%20Surface%20Model%20L4%20monthly&page=1 (last accessed 09th December 2023); Country borders: https://www.geoboundaries.org (last accessed 7th of March 2023) and Natural Earth https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (last accessed 5th of December 2023); FAOstats (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (last accessed 7th of March 2023); Global Human Settlement Layer datasets (GHSL): https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download.php?ds=bu (last accessed 7th of March 2023); Population development: FAO, https://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=JOR (last accessed 4th of March 2023); the Worldbank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/home (last accessed: 04th of March 2023); Worlddata.info, https://www.worlddata.info/asia/palestine/populationgrowth.php (last accessed 4th of March 2023); Water demand and population numbers (Tab. 1): https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/OA; https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators# (last accessed 13th of December 2023); MODIS: Earthdata server of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006, https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13q1v061/ (last accessed 7th of March 2023). Competing interests statement:The author declares no conflict of interest.The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.Data availability: All data underlying the analyses are freely available on the internet and where applicable, sources are cited in the text.Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.Informed consent: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

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    Authors: Davoine, Eric; Cangià, Flavia; Tawfik, Sabrine; Salamin, Xavier;

    With the shift to knowledge-based economies and the dominance of the service sector in developed economies, there has been a growing need for companies to hire 'knowledge workers' in increasingly complex roles. Particularly, IT professionals might often engage in international mobility for work. At the same time, the digitalization of work now makes employment more location independent, challenging the traditional understanding of labor and migration, and the work-life boundaries. In this project, we examine the paradoxical tensions in the experiences of (im)mobilities and boundaries for IT professionals engaged in transnational work within Swiss companies, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. We ask how these tensions shape their transnational (im)mobile work experiences, and how new corporate practices and policies respond to these tensions. Understanding organizational perspectives and practices in combination with individual experiences of digital work is crucial to exploring the future and the potential decline of highly skilled migration.

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    Authors: Cangià, Flavia; Wassmer, Sabrine; Davoine, Eric; Salamin, Xavier;

    Codebook along DDI standard, txt file. This article explores the interplay between digital work and mobility through a look at the career trajectories, remote work practices and im/mobilities of professionals in the information technology (IT) sector. We draw upon a qualitative study conducted with IT professionals who work remotely for Swiss or Swiss-based international companies. IT professionals have been pioneers in practising virtual work long before the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis and have long engaged in various forms of mobility, including tourism and labour migration. A focus on their remote work and im/mobility practices can shed light on the possibilities and challenges of the virtualization of work, especially in the context of the pandemic. We discuss how geographical immobility, combined with digital technology, becomes important in building a career and a personal life, staying 'rooted' and reconstituting the boundaries between work and non-work.

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    Authors: Naous, Dana; Stepanovic, Stefan; Mettler, Tobias;

    While governmental tracing apps received special attention by research and the media during the Covid-19 pandemic, the surge in new work surveillance technologies went almost unnoticed. New organizational infrastructures based on Internet-of-things (IoT) technology have emerged at both, public and private sector organizations, promising a safe return to the workplace but equally threatening the privacy of employees. The goal of this paper is to take a closer look at a technology with ambivalent use by conducting a meta-synthesis of extant IoT studies. We classify the literature into four use cases with their implementation options: physical health monitoring, mental health monitoring, environmental health monitoring, and connected workplace. We also discuss main challenges emerging from privacy concerns along the IoT data lifecycle for occupational health initiatives in the office context. Based on that, we propose normative guidelines to assist employers interested in implementing privacy preserving IoT solu-tions for health and safety at work.

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    Authors: Roberts, Leah; Deml, Michael J.; Attwell, Katie;

    Adults with comorbidities have faced a high risk from COVID-19 infection. However, Western Australia experienced relatively few infections and deaths from 2020 until early 2022 compared with other OECD countries, as hard border policies allowed for wide-scale vaccination before mass infections began. This research investigated the thoughts, feelings, risk perceptions, and practices of Western Australian adults with comorbidities aged 18–60 years in regard to COVID-19 disease and COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted 14 in-depth qualitative interviews between January and April 2022, just as the disease was starting to circulate. We coded results inductively and deductively, combining the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and vaccine belief models. Non-hesitant participants believed COVID-19 vaccines were safe and effective at mitigating COVID-19′s threat and subsequently got vaccinated. Vaccine hesitant participants were less convinced the disease was severe or that they were susceptible to it; they also did not consider the vaccines to be sufficiently safe. Yet, for some hesitant participants, the exogenous force of mandates prompted vaccination. This work is important to understand how people’s thoughts and feelings about their comorbidities and risks from COVID-19 influence vaccine uptake and how mandatory policies can affect uptake in this cohort.

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    Authors: Nadeau, Sarah Ann; id_orcid0000-0003-1008-8918; Vaughan, Timothy G.; Beckmann, Christiane; Topolsky, Ivan; id_orcid0000-0002-7561-0810; +21 Authors

    Genome sequences from evolving infectious pathogens allow quantification of case introductions and local transmission dynamics. We sequenced 11,357 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from Switzerland in 2020 - the sixth largest effort globally. Using a representative subset of these data, we estimated viral introductions to Switzerland and their persistence over the course of 2020. We contrasted these estimates with simple null models representing the absence of certain public health measures. We show that Switzerland’s border closures de-coupled case introductions from incidence in neighboring countries. Under a simple model, we estimate an 86–98% reduction in introductions during Switzerland’s strictest border closures. Furthermore, the Swiss 2020 partial lockdown roughly halved the time for sampled introductions to die out. Last, we quantified local transmission dynamics once introductions into Switzerland occurred, using a phylodynamic model. We found that transmission slowed 35–63% upon outbreak detection in summer 2020, but not in fall. This finding may indicate successful contact tracing over summer before overburdening in fall. The study highlights the added value of genome sequencing data for understanding transmission dynamics. Science Translational Medicine, 15 (680) ISSN:1946-6234 ISSN:1946-6242

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    Authors: Emmenegger, Marc; De Cecco, Elena; Lamparter, David; Jacquat, Raphaël P.B.; +20 Authors

    Effective public health measures against SARS-CoV-2 require granular knowledge of population-level immune responses. We developed a Tripartite Automated Blood Immunoassay (TRABI) to assess the IgG response against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We used TRABI for continuous seromonitoring of hospital patients and blood donors (n = 72′250) in the canton of Zurich from December 2019 to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period). We found that antibodies waned with a half-life of 75 days, whereas the cumulative incidence rose from 2.3% in June 2020 to 12.2% in mid-December 2020. A follow-up health survey indicated that about 10% of patients infected with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 sustained some symptoms at least twelve months post COVID-19. Crucially, we found no evidence of a difference in long-term complications between those whose infection was symptomatic and those with asymptomatic acute infection. The cohort of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects represents a resource for the study of chronic and possibly unexpected sequelae. iScience, 26 (2) ISSN:2589-0042

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    Authors: Chatelan, Angeline; Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman;

    Public health preventive interventions aim to improve population health through two main approaches. Firstly, individual-centered interventions seek to change knowledge and behaviors of individuals identified as at high risk of disease. Secondly, population-centered interventions are delivered across the whole population, without prior detection of individuals at increased risk of disease (1). Population-centered interventions can address three types of health determinants: (i) the personal behaviors (e.g., mass media campaigns to improve diet), (ii) the physical environment (e.g., clean air and water policies), and (iii) the social and economic environment (e.g., safe housing provision). Despite the significant role of both individual- and populationcentered approaches in improving population health during the last decades, health inequities between socially, culturally, or financially disadvantaged groups within populations are increasing, at least for some health outcomes (2). This is partly due to shortcomings of both individual- and population-centered approaches. Learning from modern public health history and given the health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, this commentary argues that 21st-century public health should mainly invest in vulnerable population interventions. This approach aims to decrease health inequities between socially defined groups and is a necessary complement to population-centered interventions.

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