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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Despeines, Yadhiera;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mendoza, Paulene;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bellavance, Marie-Andrée; Gallais, Sophie;

    Mental health and wellbeing are the critical basis by which humans can flourish, fulfil their potential, and remain resilient in the face of stress and adversity. However, mental disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In Arctic and Subarctic regions, these challenges are particularly pressing because of the rapid social and cultural changes and their impacts on the wellbeing of Indigenous populations. Improving our capacity for diagnosis and treatment in multiple populations is crucial and involves providing new understanding of biological roots and sex-based differences of mental health problems, new early-detection methods, and new environmental and biological mechanisms that can be targeted for intervention. Moreover, sociocultural and environmental factors influence mental health and need to be considered as determinants of health. Within this holistic understanding of mental wellness, access to housing plays a major role. Indeed, not only do northern communities lack housing stock, but what is available may be of lower quality. This chapter gathers a selection of Sentinel North research results from a broad range of disciplines that contribute to understand the effects of stress on mental health and the mechanisms underlying the resilience to stress, to develop new tools for a better understanding of the brain and an early diagnosis of mental disorders, and to encourage an ecosystem approach for mental health and prevent health issues through culturally adapted actions on determinants of health, like access to sustainable and culturally appropriate housing.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CorpusULarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gao, Zhiyuan;

    Mercury is a contaminant of global concern. It is present widely in global ecosystems and its methylated species is a known developmental neurotoxin to humans. The fate and behaviour of mercury in the environment are largely affected by its speciation, especially among different oxidation states controlled by redox chemistry. Mercury redox chemistry is the key chemical mechanism mediating the transport of the contaminant, yet it has not been well represented in global and regional mercury transport models. Most models rely heavily on computational data to parameterize mercury redox chemistry, and large discrepancies have been reported between the model parameters and experimental results. In this thesis, several critically important mercury redox processes in the atmosphere and marine cryosphere are investigated experimentally in laboratory, mesocosm and field studies. In the atmosphere, in-cloud mercury photoreduction is found to occur at rates that are much slower than those currently used in models, questioning the presumed dominance of the aqueous-phase reduction in the atmosphere. Mercury redox reactions are also studied in an outdoor sea ice mesocosm. At the atmosphere-sea ice interface, saline surfaces of experimental sea ice are shown to support heterogenous photochemical reactions causing the depletion of gaseous elemental mercury in the atmospheric boundary layer; whereas at the sea ice-seawater interface, cryo-photochemical processes could cause the decrease in the concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury during the formation of sea ice. Overall, the results from this thesis research provide new and important concepts and experimental datasets to the mercury redox mechanism during its geochemical cycle. The results will advance model parametrizations on mercury redox chemistry and improve future projections of mercury cycling in the atmosphere and the Arctic marine cryosphere, which are especially important under a rapidly changing environment. Furthermore, the results also validate the mesocosm approach on studying cryo-photochemical processes in the sea ice environment, which opens up a new platform to study the geochemistry of other contaminants in the marine cryosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MSpace at the Univer...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MSpace at the Univer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Iligan, Sandy;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Khoshrou, Ali; Ince, Ayhan;

    Crack-tip stress evaluation requires special treatments in the frame of classical elasticity theory for characterizing fatigue crack growth behavior. In previous studies, modified finite element methods have been used to remedy infinite stresses predicted by the classical elasticity theory at the tip of a crack. Peridynamics, as a recently developed non-local theory, has proved to be a powerful mathematical modeling approach to overcome the limitations of continuum mechanics e.g. analyzing discontinuous problems such as cracks without utilizing special treatments/functions or additional crack behavior criteria. In this study, a state-based peridynamics modeling approach is developed to model and simulate displacement and stress fields around a hole and crack shape geometry in a steel plate structure. The peridynamics model is first used to simulate displacement and stress fields for a central hole in a plate under the uniform tension. Furthermore, it is also shown that the peridynamics approach provides high accuracies in modeling displacement and stress fields for sharp elliptical-shaped crack geometry. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Okosun, Israel O.;

    This project analyses the global consequences to crop yields, production, and risk of hunger of linked socio-economic and climate scenarios. Potential impacts of climate change are estimated for climate change scenarios developed from the HadCM3 and HADCM1global climate model. Projected changes in yield are determined by utilizing CO2 capabilities got from crop model recreations with noticed climate data and projected environmental change scenarios. The Basic Link System (BLS) is utilized to assess ensuing changes in world-wide cereal creation, cereal costs and the quantity of individuals in danger from hunger. When crop yield results are acquainted with the BLS world food trade system model, the joined model and scenarios tests exhibit that the world, generally, seems, by all accounts, to be ready to keep on taking care of itself under the SRES situations during the rest of this century. Nonetheless, this result is accomplished through creation in the developed nations (which generally benefit from climate change) making up for declines anticipated, for the most part, for developing nations. While global production appears stable, regional differences in crop production are likely to grow stronger through time. The two models tested for the selected BLS regions prove to be efficient but not in all scenarios.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-zhj...
    Other ORP type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-zhj...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lu, Chang; Jin, Zhehui; Li, Huazhou; Xu, Lingfei;

    Two-phase and three-phase equilibria are frequently encountered in a variety of industrial processes, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) injection for enhanced oil recovery in oil reservoirs, multiphase separation in surface separators, and multiphase flow in wellbores and pipelines. Simulation and engineering design of these processes using isothermal/isochoric (VT) multiphase equilibrium algorithms are sometimes more convenient than that using the conventional isothermal/isobaric (PT) algorithms. This work develops a robust algorithm for VT multiphase equilibrium calculations using a nested approach. The proposed algorithm is simple because a robust PT multiphase equilibrium algorithm is used in the inner loop without any further modifications, while an effective equation-solving method (i.e., Brent’s method; Brent 1971) is applied in the outer loop to solve the pressure corresponding to a given volume/temperature specification. The robustness of the VT algorithm is safeguarded by using a highly efficient trust-region-method-based PT algorithm. We demonstrate the good performance of the newly developed algorithm by applying it to calculate the isochores of fluid mixtures that exhibit both two-phase and three-phaseequilibria.

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    Authors: John Waldron; Morgan Snyder;

    This manual is about structures that occur within the Earth’s crust. Structures are the features that allow geologists to figure out how parts of the Earth have changed position, orientation, size and shape over time. This work requires careful observation and measurements of features at the surface of the Earth, and deductions about what’s below the surface. The practical skills you will learn in this course form the foundation for much of what is known about the history of the Earth, and are important tools for exploring the subsurface. They are essential for Earth scientists of all kinds. This is a static copy of a dynamic resource hosted on openeducationalberta.ca

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    Education and Research Archive
    Other ORP type . 2020
    License: CC BY NC
    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-x15...
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      License: CC BY NC
      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-x15...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hailey Anderson; Cole D. Gross; Scott X. Chang;
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    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
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      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Despeines, Yadhiera;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mendoza, Paulene;
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bellavance, Marie-Andrée; Gallais, Sophie;

    Mental health and wellbeing are the critical basis by which humans can flourish, fulfil their potential, and remain resilient in the face of stress and adversity. However, mental disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In Arctic and Subarctic regions, these challenges are particularly pressing because of the rapid social and cultural changes and their impacts on the wellbeing of Indigenous populations. Improving our capacity for diagnosis and treatment in multiple populations is crucial and involves providing new understanding of biological roots and sex-based differences of mental health problems, new early-detection methods, and new environmental and biological mechanisms that can be targeted for intervention. Moreover, sociocultural and environmental factors influence mental health and need to be considered as determinants of health. Within this holistic understanding of mental wellness, access to housing plays a major role. Indeed, not only do northern communities lack housing stock, but what is available may be of lower quality. This chapter gathers a selection of Sentinel North research results from a broad range of disciplines that contribute to understand the effects of stress on mental health and the mechanisms underlying the resilience to stress, to develop new tools for a better understanding of the brain and an early diagnosis of mental disorders, and to encourage an ecosystem approach for mental health and prevent health issues through culturally adapted actions on determinants of health, like access to sustainable and culturally appropriate housing.

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    CorpusUL
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gao, Zhiyuan;

    Mercury is a contaminant of global concern. It is present widely in global ecosystems and its methylated species is a known developmental neurotoxin to humans. The fate and behaviour of mercury in the environment are largely affected by its speciation, especially among different oxidation states controlled by redox chemistry. Mercury redox chemistry is the key chemical mechanism mediating the transport of the contaminant, yet it has not been well represented in global and regional mercury transport models. Most models rely heavily on computational data to parameterize mercury redox chemistry, and large discrepancies have been reported between the model parameters and experimental results. In this thesis, several critically important mercury redox processes in the atmosphere and marine cryosphere are investigated experimentally in laboratory, mesocosm and field studies. In the atmosphere, in-cloud mercury photoreduction is found to occur at rates that are much slower than those currently used in models, questioning the presumed dominance of the aqueous-phase reduction in the atmosphere. Mercury redox reactions are also studied in an outdoor sea ice mesocosm. At the atmosphere-sea ice interface, saline surfaces of experimental sea ice are shown to support heterogenous photochemical reactions causing the depletion of gaseous elemental mercury in the atmospheric boundary layer; whereas at the sea ice-seawater interface, cryo-photochemical processes could cause the decrease in the concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury during the formation of sea ice. Overall, the results from this thesis research provide new and important concepts and experimental datasets to the mercury redox mechanism during its geochemical cycle. The results will advance model parametrizations on mercury redox chemistry and improve future projections of mercury cycling in the atmosphere and the Arctic marine cryosphere, which are especially important under a rapidly changing environment. Furthermore, the results also validate the mesocosm approach on studying cryo-photochemical processes in the sea ice environment, which opens up a new platform to study the geochemistry of other contaminants in the marine cryosphere.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Iligan, Sandy;
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    Authors: Khoshrou, Ali; Ince, Ayhan;

    Crack-tip stress evaluation requires special treatments in the frame of classical elasticity theory for characterizing fatigue crack growth behavior. In previous studies, modified finite element methods have been used to remedy infinite stresses predicted by the classical elasticity theory at the tip of a crack. Peridynamics, as a recently developed non-local theory, has proved to be a powerful mathematical modeling approach to overcome the limitations of continuum mechanics e.g. analyzing discontinuous problems such as cracks without utilizing special treatments/functions or additional crack behavior criteria. In this study, a state-based peridynamics modeling approach is developed to model and simulate displacement and stress fields around a hole and crack shape geometry in a steel plate structure. The peridynamics model is first used to simulate displacement and stress fields for a central hole in a plate under the uniform tension. Furthermore, it is also shown that the peridynamics approach provides high accuracies in modeling displacement and stress fields for sharp elliptical-shaped crack geometry. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.

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    Authors: Okosun, Israel O.;

    This project analyses the global consequences to crop yields, production, and risk of hunger of linked socio-economic and climate scenarios. Potential impacts of climate change are estimated for climate change scenarios developed from the HadCM3 and HADCM1global climate model. Projected changes in yield are determined by utilizing CO2 capabilities got from crop model recreations with noticed climate data and projected environmental change scenarios. The Basic Link System (BLS) is utilized to assess ensuing changes in world-wide cereal creation, cereal costs and the quantity of individuals in danger from hunger. When crop yield results are acquainted with the BLS world food trade system model, the joined model and scenarios tests exhibit that the world, generally, seems, by all accounts, to be ready to keep on taking care of itself under the SRES situations during the rest of this century. Nonetheless, this result is accomplished through creation in the developed nations (which generally benefit from climate change) making up for declines anticipated, for the most part, for developing nations. While global production appears stable, regional differences in crop production are likely to grow stronger through time. The two models tested for the selected BLS regions prove to be efficient but not in all scenarios.

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    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-zhj...
    Other ORP type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lu, Chang; Jin, Zhehui; Li, Huazhou; Xu, Lingfei;

    Two-phase and three-phase equilibria are frequently encountered in a variety of industrial processes, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) injection for enhanced oil recovery in oil reservoirs, multiphase separation in surface separators, and multiphase flow in wellbores and pipelines. Simulation and engineering design of these processes using isothermal/isochoric (VT) multiphase equilibrium algorithms are sometimes more convenient than that using the conventional isothermal/isobaric (PT) algorithms. This work develops a robust algorithm for VT multiphase equilibrium calculations using a nested approach. The proposed algorithm is simple because a robust PT multiphase equilibrium algorithm is used in the inner loop without any further modifications, while an effective equation-solving method (i.e., Brent’s method; Brent 1971) is applied in the outer loop to solve the pressure corresponding to a given volume/temperature specification. The robustness of the VT algorithm is safeguarded by using a highly efficient trust-region-method-based PT algorithm. We demonstrate the good performance of the newly developed algorithm by applying it to calculate the isochores of fluid mixtures that exhibit both two-phase and three-phaseequilibria.

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    Authors: John Waldron; Morgan Snyder;

    This manual is about structures that occur within the Earth’s crust. Structures are the features that allow geologists to figure out how parts of the Earth have changed position, orientation, size and shape over time. This work requires careful observation and measurements of features at the surface of the Earth, and deductions about what’s below the surface. The practical skills you will learn in this course form the foundation for much of what is known about the history of the Earth, and are important tools for exploring the subsurface. They are essential for Earth scientists of all kinds. This is a static copy of a dynamic resource hosted on openeducationalberta.ca

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    Authors: Hailey Anderson; Cole D. Gross; Scott X. Chang;
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