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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: McGowan, Ellen;McGowan, Ellen;handle: 1974/28836
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has radically impacted public transport ridership and service provision across the country. Since the outbreak of the virus, transit agencies have had to adapt to new and rapidly evolving conditions. Many agencies modified services to reflect lower ridership levels and to ensure the safety of both riders and operators. These changes in service were guided by public health agencies, as well as major transit associations like the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA) and International Association of Public Transport (UITP). Other agencies implemented precautionary measures like rear door boarding, temporary fare suspension, and reduced capacity limits to enable the safe continuity of operations. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, transit agencies are having to strike a balance between providing enough transportation options for essential travel and reducing service offerings to match the declining overall demand for mobility services. Using a case study of Grand River Transit (GRT) in the Region of Waterloo, this report will document the impacts of COVID-19 on transit agencies and their responses, with a focus on modifications to services. By analyzing the challenges that transit agencies faced in modifying transit services, this report will offer guidance on the protocols and procedures that should be established for an effective pandemic response. Further, the findings of this report will help to inform discussions and guide decisions on the role and operation of public transit in future pandemic events.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Pariyarath, Anand Maniyam;Pariyarath, Anand Maniyam;handle: 1993/35451
Increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems can directly affect the system reliability and impose additional complexities to planning and operation due to their uncertainties. The traditional planning methods based on deterministic analysis fail to accurately capture the impact of the aforementioned uncertainty on the system reliability. In this thesis, a reliability-oriented distribution system analysis methodology that captures the complex interactions between EVs, photovoltaic (PV) power production, and energy storage is proposed. Firstly, a two-layer stochastic EV charging demand estimation model is proposed. The model comprises of a traffic layer representing the spatial-temporal distributions of EVs and an electrical network layer describing the impact of EV charging demand on electrical network. A Dynamic Hidden Markov model is used to capture the EV movements in the traffic layer. The ability of the traffic layer model to faithfully represent the random travel pattern of actual vehicles used by different types of drivers is examined. Secondly, a novel stochastic solar radiation model based on probability distributions of the first-order differences of hourly global solar horizontal radiation is proposed to calculate the stochastic power output of the PV system. Measured solar radiation data from four different locations with varying climate characteristics were used to evaluate the proposed model in comparison to two previously reported models. Additionally, various computational models such as the EV charging station model, reliability evaluation model, and economic evaluation model are developed to support the reliability and economic evaluation with necessary inputs. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to analyze a range of best to worst-case scenarios for more optimal outcomes. A range of sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate the reliability and economic impact due to EV charging, PV power production and various operating strategies. Several new reliability indices are proposed to quantify the impact of EV charging characteristics, RES penetration, and energy storage system (ESS) on the reliability performance of distribution systems. Finally, an optimization algorithm along with developed stochastic models and MCS framework is used for the optimization of the resource sizes considering EV charging stations (EVCSs) life-cycle costs, reliability and emissions.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Grande, Giuseppe;Grande, Giuseppe;handle: 1993/35350
This research presents a series of projects that contribute to the understanding of how traffic variability affects the measurement and application of annual average daily traffic (AADT). AADT is the most fundamental traffic statistic in transportation engineering. It is defined as the number of vehicles expected to use a facility on an average day. However, traffic is known to experience periodical fluctuations over time; these periodicities are location-specific. This underlying variability in time and space can be lost when calculating and reporting AADT. This research comprises four research projects. The first evaluates the effectiveness of multiple AADT formulations using simulated data loss scenarios. It finds that a relatively new methodology, proposed by the Federal Highway Administration in the United States, removes a small, systematic bias (0.1%) from the existing calculation convention and reduces the width of the 95% confidence interval by 0.5%. The second project provides a method for measuring and reducing the error produced during the assignment step of the AADT estimation process. It applies this method to a case study, finding that the novel assignment method reduces errors by 2.5% on average. The third project explores the use of unconventional traffic data sources (passively-collected vehicle probe data) in tandem with conventional sources. The research finds that speed-based probe data are most closely correlated with truck-specific volume data, specifically around urban centres and along major trade routes. In the studied data, the Pearson correlation coefficient reached 0.9 at some sites. The final project tests the sensitivity of grade crossing design and regulation to predicted fluctuations in traffic. The results show that daily variations in traffic can cause sites to be apparently over- or under-designed for a day or group of days, when compared to regulatory standards. Moreover, they show that within-day variations can be used to express more detailed grade crossing exposure estimates than the daily averages that are used in current regulations. On aggregate, the research finds that, while AADT estimates are convenient to calculate and ubiquitously applied, there is a need to better disclose the source data and methodologies used to produce AADT estimates to avoid misuse and false assumptions about comparability. Further, AADT summarizes the traffic at a site into a single average volume, which fails to express the known periodical traffic variability at a site.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Klassen-Townsend, Karalee;Klassen-Townsend, Karalee;handle: 1993/35846
Traffic volume data, commonly summarized as annual average daily traffic (AADT), is a fundamental input for transportation engineering decisions. Current traffic monitoring guidance provides insufficient detail on the development of AADT estimates from short-duration counts conducted within towns. This is due to limited knowledge of the attributes that characterize a town count and uncertainty about the temporal factors required to estimate AADT from short-duration town count data. This research addressed these gaps by using a decision algorithm and GIS analysis to identify which short-duration counts should be considered town counts and by developing and validating a methodology to estimate AADT from short-duration town count data. The analysis demonstrated that temporal factors generated from continuous counts conducted near towns could be reliably applied to short-duration town count data. This finding enables traffic monitoring authorities to leverage existing data and methods to improve the representativeness of traffic volume estimates in towns.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 CanadaPublisher:University of Alberta Libraries Authors: Hussain, Akhtar; Musilek, Petr;Hussain, Akhtar; Musilek, Petr;doi: 10.7939/r3-me8m-j862
Instead of using a dedicated backup power source to fulfill the energy needs of buildings during contingencies, a reward mechanism for providing reliability-as-a-service (RaaS) via electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this study. The proposed positive reward mechanism comprises an upfront reward portion (paid upon registering) and a per-event reward portion (paid based on the amount of energy used). Similarly, a negative reward is applied to the registered EV owners not complying with their contracts. In addition, a score updating mechanism is proposed to incentivize EVs following their contracts and penalize the violating EVs. The score will be decisive during events when more EVs are available than the required energy. The use of EVs for providing RaaS is compared with two commonly used technologies for backup power, i.e., diesel generator and battery storage. Simulations have shown that the proposed scheme can significantly save the cost for building operators/owners while providing revenues for EV owners. The fairness in incentive allocation versus the amount of used energy is also demonstrated.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2020 English Funded by:NSF | Decadal Prediction Follow..., EC | STRATOCLIM, UKRI | Reconciling Volcanic Forc... +2 projectsNSF| Decadal Prediction Following Volcanic Eruptions ,EC| STRATOCLIM ,UKRI| Reconciling Volcanic Forcing and Climate Records throughout the Last Millennium (Vol-Clim) ,UKRI| The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study ,SNSF| SPARC International Project officeClyne, Margot; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Mills, Michael J.; Khodri, Myriam; Ball, William; Bekki, Slimane; Dhomse, Sandip S.; Lebas, Nicolas; Mann, Graham; Marshall, Lauren; Niemeier, Ulrike; Poulain, Virginie; Robock, Alan; Rozanov, Eugene; Schmidt, Anja; Stenke, Andrea; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Timmreck, Claudia; Toohey, Matthew; Tummon, Fiona; Zanchettin, Davide; Zhu, Yunqian; Toon, Owen B.;As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2019 Canada EnglishAuthors: Du, Q.; Kim, A. M.; Zheng, Y.;Du, Q.; Kim, A. M.; Zheng, Y.;In Canada’s Northwest Territories, goods are delivered to remote communities and natural resource extraction sites by inland barge, trucks, and for some goods, air. Combinations of all-weather and winter roads are used in the winter months, while river barge transport and all-weather roads are used in the summer. However, Northern Canada is disproportionately impacted by climate change, which results in greater variability in water level conditions on the Mackenzie River from year to year. This in turn critically affects tug-and-barge operations on the river. This paper investigates Mackenzie River Corridor freight delivery performance – with a focus on the river route – considering how variations in river water conditions can impact network operations and operational costs. We investigate the impacts of water level variation on shippers’ route choice decisions, waterway supply capacity and the resulting overall performance of the freight transport system. Model outcomes provide insights into how the multimodal transportation network may be utilized and perform (quantified by delays and generalized costs) under different water level scenarios. The overarching purpose of the analysis is to provide guidance for infrastructure investment decision-making and business case development, to maintain an effective freight transportation network in the face of on-going climate change impacts.
Education and Resear... arrow_drop_down Education and Research Archive2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Education and Research ArchiveAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1875::2d789e497e13a429a6082739df049fcf&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Education and Resear... arrow_drop_down Education and Research Archive2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Education and Research ArchiveAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1875::2d789e497e13a429a6082739df049fcf&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2018 Canada EnglishAuthors: Hachey, Stephen Quinn;Hachey, Stephen Quinn;handle: 11375/22861
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Canada EnglishAuthors: Hadden, Trevor;Hadden, Trevor;handle: 11375/21230
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Canada EnglishAuthors: Zhao, Nan;Zhao, Nan;handle: 11375/21466
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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: McGowan, Ellen;McGowan, Ellen;handle: 1974/28836
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has radically impacted public transport ridership and service provision across the country. Since the outbreak of the virus, transit agencies have had to adapt to new and rapidly evolving conditions. Many agencies modified services to reflect lower ridership levels and to ensure the safety of both riders and operators. These changes in service were guided by public health agencies, as well as major transit associations like the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA) and International Association of Public Transport (UITP). Other agencies implemented precautionary measures like rear door boarding, temporary fare suspension, and reduced capacity limits to enable the safe continuity of operations. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, transit agencies are having to strike a balance between providing enough transportation options for essential travel and reducing service offerings to match the declining overall demand for mobility services. Using a case study of Grand River Transit (GRT) in the Region of Waterloo, this report will document the impacts of COVID-19 on transit agencies and their responses, with a focus on modifications to services. By analyzing the challenges that transit agencies faced in modifying transit services, this report will offer guidance on the protocols and procedures that should be established for an effective pandemic response. Further, the findings of this report will help to inform discussions and guide decisions on the role and operation of public transit in future pandemic events.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Pariyarath, Anand Maniyam;Pariyarath, Anand Maniyam;handle: 1993/35451
Increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems can directly affect the system reliability and impose additional complexities to planning and operation due to their uncertainties. The traditional planning methods based on deterministic analysis fail to accurately capture the impact of the aforementioned uncertainty on the system reliability. In this thesis, a reliability-oriented distribution system analysis methodology that captures the complex interactions between EVs, photovoltaic (PV) power production, and energy storage is proposed. Firstly, a two-layer stochastic EV charging demand estimation model is proposed. The model comprises of a traffic layer representing the spatial-temporal distributions of EVs and an electrical network layer describing the impact of EV charging demand on electrical network. A Dynamic Hidden Markov model is used to capture the EV movements in the traffic layer. The ability of the traffic layer model to faithfully represent the random travel pattern of actual vehicles used by different types of drivers is examined. Secondly, a novel stochastic solar radiation model based on probability distributions of the first-order differences of hourly global solar horizontal radiation is proposed to calculate the stochastic power output of the PV system. Measured solar radiation data from four different locations with varying climate characteristics were used to evaluate the proposed model in comparison to two previously reported models. Additionally, various computational models such as the EV charging station model, reliability evaluation model, and economic evaluation model are developed to support the reliability and economic evaluation with necessary inputs. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to analyze a range of best to worst-case scenarios for more optimal outcomes. A range of sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate the reliability and economic impact due to EV charging, PV power production and various operating strategies. Several new reliability indices are proposed to quantify the impact of EV charging characteristics, RES penetration, and energy storage system (ESS) on the reliability performance of distribution systems. Finally, an optimization algorithm along with developed stochastic models and MCS framework is used for the optimization of the resource sizes considering EV charging stations (EVCSs) life-cycle costs, reliability and emissions.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Grande, Giuseppe;Grande, Giuseppe;handle: 1993/35350
This research presents a series of projects that contribute to the understanding of how traffic variability affects the measurement and application of annual average daily traffic (AADT). AADT is the most fundamental traffic statistic in transportation engineering. It is defined as the number of vehicles expected to use a facility on an average day. However, traffic is known to experience periodical fluctuations over time; these periodicities are location-specific. This underlying variability in time and space can be lost when calculating and reporting AADT. This research comprises four research projects. The first evaluates the effectiveness of multiple AADT formulations using simulated data loss scenarios. It finds that a relatively new methodology, proposed by the Federal Highway Administration in the United States, removes a small, systematic bias (0.1%) from the existing calculation convention and reduces the width of the 95% confidence interval by 0.5%. The second project provides a method for measuring and reducing the error produced during the assignment step of the AADT estimation process. It applies this method to a case study, finding that the novel assignment method reduces errors by 2.5% on average. The third project explores the use of unconventional traffic data sources (passively-collected vehicle probe data) in tandem with conventional sources. The research finds that speed-based probe data are most closely correlated with truck-specific volume data, specifically around urban centres and along major trade routes. In the studied data, the Pearson correlation coefficient reached 0.9 at some sites. The final project tests the sensitivity of grade crossing design and regulation to predicted fluctuations in traffic. The results show that daily variations in traffic can cause sites to be apparently over- or under-designed for a day or group of days, when compared to regulatory standards. Moreover, they show that within-day variations can be used to express more detailed grade crossing exposure estimates than the daily averages that are used in current regulations. On aggregate, the research finds that, while AADT estimates are convenient to calculate and ubiquitously applied, there is a need to better disclose the source data and methodologies used to produce AADT estimates to avoid misuse and false assumptions about comparability. Further, AADT summarizes the traffic at a site into a single average volume, which fails to express the known periodical traffic variability at a site.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Canada EnglishAuthors: Klassen-Townsend, Karalee;Klassen-Townsend, Karalee;handle: 1993/35846
Traffic volume data, commonly summarized as annual average daily traffic (AADT), is a fundamental input for transportation engineering decisions. Current traffic monitoring guidance provides insufficient detail on the development of AADT estimates from short-duration counts conducted within towns. This is due to limited knowledge of the attributes that characterize a town count and uncertainty about the temporal factors required to estimate AADT from short-duration town count data. This research addressed these gaps by using a decision algorithm and GIS analysis to identify which short-duration counts should be considered town counts and by developing and validating a methodology to estimate AADT from short-duration town count data. The analysis demonstrated that temporal factors generated from continuous counts conducted near towns could be reliably applied to short-duration town count data. This finding enables traffic monitoring authorities to leverage existing data and methods to improve the representativeness of traffic volume estimates in towns.
MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert MSpace at the Univer... arrow_drop_down MSpace at the University of ManitobaOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: MSpace at the University of Manitobaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 CanadaPublisher:University of Alberta Libraries Authors: Hussain, Akhtar; Musilek, Petr;Hussain, Akhtar; Musilek, Petr;doi: 10.7939/r3-me8m-j862
Instead of using a dedicated backup power source to fulfill the energy needs of buildings during contingencies, a reward mechanism for providing reliability-as-a-service (RaaS) via electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this study. The proposed positive reward mechanism comprises an upfront reward portion (paid upon registering) and a per-event reward portion (paid based on the amount of energy used). Similarly, a negative reward is applied to the registered EV owners not complying with their contracts. In addition, a score updating mechanism is proposed to incentivize EVs following their contracts and penalize the violating EVs. The score will be decisive during events when more EVs are available than the required energy. The use of EVs for providing RaaS is compared with two commonly used technologies for backup power, i.e., diesel generator and battery storage. Simulations have shown that the proposed scheme can significantly save the cost for building operators/owners while providing revenues for EV owners. The fairness in incentive allocation versus the amount of used energy is also demonstrated.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2020 English Funded by:NSF | Decadal Prediction Follow..., EC | STRATOCLIM, UKRI | Reconciling Volcanic Forc... +2 projectsNSF| Decadal Prediction Following Volcanic Eruptions ,EC| STRATOCLIM ,UKRI| Reconciling Volcanic Forcing and Climate Records throughout the Last Millennium (Vol-Clim) ,UKRI| The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study ,SNSF| SPARC International Project officeClyne, Margot; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Mills, Michael J.; Khodri, Myriam; Ball, William; Bekki, Slimane; Dhomse, Sandip S.; Lebas, Nicolas; Mann, Graham; Marshall, Lauren; Niemeier, Ulrike; Poulain, Virginie; Robock, Alan; Rozanov, Eugene; Schmidt, Anja; Stenke, Andrea; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Timmreck, Claudia; Toohey, Matthew; Tummon, Fiona; Zanchettin, Davide; Zhu, Yunqian; Toon, Owen B.;As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2019 Canada EnglishAuthors: Du, Q.; Kim, A. M.; Zheng, Y.;Du, Q.; Kim, A. M.; Zheng, Y.;In Canada’s Northwest Territories, goods are delivered to remote communities and natural resource extraction sites by inland barge, trucks, and for some goods, air. Combinations of all-weather and winter roads are used in the winter months, while river barge transport and all-weather roads are used in the summer. However, Northern Canada is disproportionately impacted by climate change, which results in greater variability in water level conditions on the Mackenzie River from year to year. This in turn critically affects tug-and-barge operations on the river. This paper investigates Mackenzie River Corridor freight delivery performance – with a focus on the river route – considering how variations in river water conditions can impact network operations and operational costs. We investigate the impacts of water level variation on shippers’ route choice decisions, waterway supply capacity and the resulting overall performance of the freight transport system. Model outcomes provide insights into how the multimodal transportation network may be utilized and perform (quantified by delays and generalized costs) under different water level scenarios. The overarching purpose of the analysis is to provide guidance for infrastructure investment decision-making and business case development, to maintain an effective freight transportation network in the face of on-going climate change impacts.
Education and Resear... arrow_drop_down Education and Research Archive2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Education and Research ArchiveAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1875::2d789e497e13a429a6082739df049fcf&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Education and Resear... arrow_drop_down Education and Research Archive2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Education and Research ArchiveAll Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1875::2d789e497e13a429a6082739df049fcf&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2018 Canada EnglishAuthors: Hachey, Stephen Quinn;Hachey, Stephen Quinn;handle: 11375/22861
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Canada EnglishAuthors: Hadden, Trevor;Hadden, Trevor;handle: 11375/21230
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=11375/21230&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Canada EnglishAuthors: Zhao, Nan;Zhao, Nan;handle: 11375/21466
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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