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The importance of antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, has been known for decades. When examining the immune responses against a pathogen after a vaccination or infection it is easier to measure the levels of antigen-specific antibodies than the T-cell response, but it does not give the whole picture. The levels of neutralizing antibodies are harder to determine but give a better indication of the quality of the antibody response. The induction of long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells is crucial for a persistent humoral immune response, which has been shown for example after vaccination with the vaccinia vaccine, where antibody levels have been shown to persist for decades. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ravaging the world for the past years and the monumental effort in designing and releasing novel vaccines against the virus, much effort has been put into analysing the quantity, quality, and persistence of antibody responses. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Peer reviewed

The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the war on Ukraine, and their effects on global output and supply chain have led to inflationary pressures globally. The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to disrupt the global supply chain, especially in China, while the war between Russia and Ukraine has affected commodity and food prices, leading to inflation rising to levels not seen globally since the global financial crisis in 2008. Inflation has been a pressing issue for policymakers globally. In November 2022, US inflation climbed down to 7.1% from a peak of 9.1% in June, the highest ever in many decades. Even though this figure represents a drop of 8.5% from its October inflation report of 7.7%, we would need to stretch back to 1981 for us to get a period when inflation was that high in the US, averaging 10% that year. As a result of this, how has Nigeria been able to address the issues of global inflation fuelled by the ongoing war in Ukraine? What are some policy considerations that are germane to tackle the current rising prices? These and other questions would be addressed in the article.

The COVID-19 pandemic, an unexpected event with strong and long-lasting consequences, led to increased uncertainty among investors and collapses in commodities and financial markets. However, while some investors pulled their capital out and sold assets, others bought them back at low prices. Although less volatile, the foreign direct investment (FDI) market was also hit hard. Against this background, this paper explores the effect of the pandemic on Chinese FDI in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that are strategically important to China. The paper uses the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Statistical Bulletins of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment, the OECD.Stat FDI data, and the China Global Investment Tracker. The paper finds that the pandemic did not have a negative impact on Chinese outward FDI to the CEE countries. The structure of Chinese outward FDI to the CEE countries changed in favor of more indirect FDI. Moreover, the paper shows that there are still huge discrepancies between the IMF data and the Chinese national statistics, which suggests that further work in the direction of statistical harmonization is necessary. As for the future of Chinese investment in the region, the paper anticipates China’s continued strategic interest in the region with increasing competition from other geopolitical centers.

Selective list of conferences and trainings in the field of information and book science, as well as social communication and media, which were held online in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2022 to October 2022.

Selective bibliography of monographies and articles from representative scientific and professional journals in the field of information science and book science as well as social communication and media, which were published in Poland between April 2022 and August 2022.

In the context of SARS-CoV-2 crises, the phenomenological studies analyze the market phenomenon of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in public health. With PRC’s diplomatic behaviors around the national, international, and global public health crises, the phenomenological occurrence was further questioned into on accounts of genetic engineering, PRC’s top-down behaviors, and financial and non-financial incentives in public health inequality with its declared universal healthcare coverage. The phenomenological studies further the evidence chains on the PRC governmental bodies’ purposeful and intentional crimes against humanity, with the public health system they designed to hide criminal evidences in the clinical evidence chains. Albeit it is paramount for the medical professionals to prepare for a certain but unforeseeable surge of biomedical intrusion, the phenomenological studies call for military interventions on the humanitarian catastrophe that have twice in three years caused unnecessary sufferings regionally and globally. Without it, the world can only wait to detect Chinese passengers’ carriers instead of obtaining firsthand data, potentially leading to more deaths and mutation risks. Only peace-building and government reformation on democratic basis in the region can solve the humanitarian crisis once and for all. No scientific evidence establishes the virological homogeneity between SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the politicization of the HIV-1 homogeneous virus underlies the 2002 - 2003 outbreak that caught international attention. The long-term PRC derogation on the global institutional determinants of health has led to the global mandates of poisoning by “vaccination”. The viral RNA origin is inferred to mutational result of PRC’s nuclear weapon tests.

Three files: tales (mostly in English), images and writing exercises. The stories compiled in the attachment are called stories of nothing, as they are built from coincidences and are based on real events: as they happened, they were slippery and difficult to remember. With the work of time—and practice—they became stories: picked up, linked to events and occasionally come with some advice. Like in Walter Benjamin’s essay on Nikolai Leskov—the Storyteller—the stories eschew the premises of journalism and of authoring. In his words, the crafts constitute the home of a higher level of storytelling. Since they deal with coincidence the stories of Nothing are connected to Surrealism, as explained by André Breton and Paul Eluard (Minotaure). In some sense they oppose the Hidden Hand of Liberalism, with the Hidden Hand of History: as necessity finds its way through desire and dream to display in coincidence. A number of the attached stories the events utfolder as though there was a hidden film director at work, and the story teller became unwittingly involved and tangled in a movie take. Of course, there was no such thing, which is why they are called stories of nothing. At the bottom of the coloumn of files to the left, the reader will also find some writing exercises, that will help to prepare her for stories like these. It takes som effort and toil to get there, but in the end they will yield to writing. The stories were compiled in the early days of the Covid 19 pandemic, on a FB group support page called Mora til Herman. It closed, as the pandemic progressed, the 23rd april 2020. The definition of DESIGN used here, determines a two-tiered process of 1) pathfinding and 2) goalseeking, through sustain trail and search of mark-making (writing or drawing) that hatches when the two tiers start to converge/coincide. As a roundup of the stories a TRIPTYCH of 3 different arrangements of the essay (nothing & Spinoza) is proposed. It proposed as a score for a dancer to read as a choreographic performance. The elements of the TRIPTYCH are (see left column): 1) nothing & Spinoza—EDITION 2) nothing & Spinoza—PRINT 3) nothing & Spinoza—SITE

Did the Covid-19 pandemic have an impact on innovation? Past economic disruptions, anecdotal evidence, and the previous literature suggest a decline with substantial differences between industries. We leverage USPTO patent application data to investigate and quantify the disturbance. We assess differences by field of technology (at the CPC subclass level) as well as the impact of direct and indirect relevance for the management of the pandemic. Direct Covid-19 relevance is identified from a keyword search of the patent application fulltexts; indirect Covid-19 relevance is derived from past CPC subclass to subclass citation patterns. We find that direct Covid-19 relevance is associated with a strong boost to the growth of the number of patent applications in the first year of the pandemic at the same order of magnitude (in percentage points) as the percentage of patents referencing Covid-19. We find no effect for indirect Covid-19 relevance, indicating a focus on applied research at the expense of more basic research. Fields of technology (CPC mainsections) have an additional significant impact, with, e.g., mainsections A (human necessities) and C (chemistry, metallurgy) having a strong performance.

Buku ini merupakan kumpulan puisi yang di dalamnnya mengandung nilai-nilai karakter. yang penuh dengan inspirasi dan motivasi yang diramu dalam bahasa puisi yang sangat menyentuh jiwa dan sukma, jika dibaca dan dinikmati sehingga nantinya siapapun yang membaca kumpulan puisi ini akan tersentuh makna yang dalam akan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang dibutuhkan, terutama oleh generasi muda dalam menyongsong masa depan yang penuh tantangan. Dalam buku ini menggambarkan bagaimana nilai-nilai karakter dimasukan dalam ungkapan bahasa puisi yang lugas dan konotatif. Makna yang dalam sangatlah menyentuh untuk dirasakan. Betapa pentingnya pendidikan karakter yang harus masuk dalam jiwa-jiwa manusia, terutama anak-anak kita sebagai kader penerus bangsa Buku ini patut dibaca karena akan membawa angin segar sebagai motivasi dan inspirasi untuk bisa menikmati bahasa puisi, terutama generasi muda yang bisa menikmati puisi dan mengambil makna nilai-nilai karakter yang ada di dalamnya, sehingga bisa menjadi modal dasar dalam hidup bernegara dan bermasyarakat. Buku ini sebagai karya perdana saya yang akan diluncurkan pada Bulan Desember 2022 sebagai ajang mengembangkan tugas keprofesionalannya.

Material suplementario del artículo "Análisis de susceptibilidad a mutaciones que confieren resistencia a inhibidores de las enzimas proteasa principal (Mpro) y ARN polimerasa ARN-dependiente (RdRp) del SARS-CoV-2"