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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gurudeeban Selvaraj; Satyavani Kaliamurthi; Gilles H. Peslherbe; Dong-Qing Wei;

    Background: Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) around the world. Earlier identification of biomarkers for SARS can facilitate detection and reduce the mortality rate of the disease. Thus, by integrated network analysis and structural modeling approach, we aimed to explore the potential drug targets and the candidate drugs for coronavirus medicated SARS. Methods: Differentially expression (DE) analysis of CoV infected host genes (HGs) expression profiles was conducted by using the Limma. Highly integrated DE-CoV-HGs were selected to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Results: Using the Walktrap algorithm highly interconnected modules include module 1 (202 nodes); module 2 (126 nodes) and module 3 (121 nodes) modules were retrieved from the PPI network. MYC, HDAC9, NCOA3, CEBPB, VEGFA, BCL3, SMAD3, SMURF1, KLHL12, CBL, ERBB4, and CRKL were identified as potential drug targets (PDTs), which are highly expressed in the human respiratory system after CoV infection. Functional terms growth factor receptor binding, c-type lectin receptor signaling, interleukin-1 mediated signaling, TAP dependent antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, stimulatory T cell receptor signaling, and innate immune response signaling pathways, signal transduction and cytokine immune signaling pathways were enriched in the modules. Protein-protein docking results demonstrated the strong binding affinity (-314.57 kcal/mol) of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex which was selected as a drug target. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations indicated the structural stability and flexibility of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex. Further, Wortmannin was proposed as a candidate drug to ERBB4 to control SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent macropinocytosis, MAPK signaling, and NF-kb singling pathways that regulate host cell entry, replication, and modulation of the host immune system. Conclusion: We conclude that CoV drug target “ERBB4” and candidate drug “Wortmannin” provide insights on the possible personalized therapeutics for emerging COVID-19.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ F1000Researcharrow_drop_down
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    F1000Research
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ F1000Researcharrow_drop_down
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      F1000Research
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Liu, Yifan;

    This study investigated how the visual saliency of hyperlinks as a web page design element impacts people’s perceived information overload (IO) and subjective states in the case of COVID-19 vaccination information. An experimental study was conducted, in which a total of 82 participants were randomly assigned to three conditions that differed with respect to the visual salience of hyperlinks leading to additional information sources. After completing an information-seeking task, participant’s IO level and subjective state were measured using adapted scales. Statistical analysis of scale data and thematic analysis of open-ended responses were used to analyze the data. Findings indicate an impact of visual saliency of hyperlinks on people’s IO reactions. Specifically, using accordion menus distributed throughout the page to dynamically hide many of the hyperlinks, participants’ perceived IO levels were significantly reduced. Participants’ IO reactions were negatively correlated with their subjective states, although no significant differences in subjective states across conditions were observed. Further design manipulation to reduce the visual saliency of hyperlinks by clustering them at the bottom of the page had no effect on IO, indicating that visual salience is not the only factor to consider when designing pages with high numbers of hyperlinks. The study results indicate that people do feel overloaded when looking for online health information, even arising from the experience of using a single web page, and the web page design elements do attract their attention and influence their information-seeking behaviour and experience. In conclusion, this thesis makes a valuable contribution by conducting an experimental study to understand the influence of hyperlinks’ visual saliency on people’s perceived IO and subjective states.

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  • Authors: Procko, Michael;

    The dual-mandate for protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are inconsistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence-based decision making. To narrow this gap, I used camera traps to monitor human activity and terrestrial mammals in an exurban PA and an adjacent research forest, with the objective of discerning impacts of human activity on the habitat use and diel activity patterns of cougars (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). I then used Bayesian models to assess how wildlife and humans share space and time. First, I investigated whether recreationists and motorized vehicles displaced these focal species at the weekly temporal scale. I found that hikers negatively affected bobcat habitat use, whereas vehicles negatively affected black bear habitat use. I then explored how species’ detection rates shifted during an unexpected period of park closure (due to COVID-19). I found increased cougar detection rates when public access was restricted, but subsequent decreases in cougar detection rates and increases in black-tailed deer detection rates upon the park’s reopening. Finally, I investigated how these species’ diel activity patterns were impacted by human pressures. Only black bears shifted to be (moderately) more nocturnal in spaces or times of higher observed human activity, whereas coyotes, snowshoe hares, cougars, and black-tailed deer all altered their diel activities in response to landscape features associated with human activity (e.g., trail or road densities). My results illustrate that wildlife may be displaced by human activity, but this displacement is often species- or activity-dependent and occurs at various spatiotemporal scales. I also provided support for the use of camera traps to simultaneously monitor human and wildlife activities and encourage PA managers to consider whether recreation is negatively impacting conservation goals within their own PAs. I stress that recreation has the potential to offset PA natural resource conservation goals. However, further research is needed to understand the how displacement by recreation might translate to consequences for wildlife populations.

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  • Authors: Tavallaeinejad, Mohammad; Païdoussis, Michael; Flores Salinas, Manuel; Legrand, Mathias; +2 Authors

    Paper accepted in its current form but conference cancelled due to the Covid19 pandemic.; International audience; The experiments described in this paper aim to examine the global dynamics of inverted flags and to explore the impact of periodic vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edges thereon. The effect of vortex shedding from both leading and trailing edges was investigated. It is shown that suppression of the leading and trailing edge vortices, and also inhibition of the interaction between the two counter-rotating vortices (if they exist), resulted in relatively small quantitative changes in the critical flow velocity, amplitude and frequency; but, the overall dynamics of the system remain intact. More importantly, the large-amplitude flapping persisted for all flags tested in the experiments. Force measurements provide some insights into the relationship between vortex shedding and large-amplitude flapping; a difference between the dominant frequency of the lift and that of flapping was observed for some cases. Moreover, for heavier inverted flags, additional peaks appear in the frequency spectrum of the lift signal, with amplitudes comparable to that matching the dominant frequency of flapping. The experimental results suggest that fluidelastic instability is the underlying mechanism for the flapping motion of heavy inverted flags. The near-identical qualitative behaviour of normal inverted flags and serrated ones with a splitter plate at the trailing edge suggests that the global (or qualitative) dynamics of heavy inverted flags is independent of unsteady vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edges; i.e., periodic vortex shedding is not the cause but an effect of large-amplitude flapping.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andrew Fleet;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2017
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    Protein Science
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2017
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      Protein Science
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Gill, Ivan Sohrab;

    Visualization designers sometimes divide subsets of public health data across multiple static diagrams, as more consolidated figures encoding the entire dataset can be limited by space and encoding considerations. However, the division of related items and attributes into discrete diagrams can decrease the efficiency of visual analyses due to inconsistent encodings and navigational concerns. Therefore, in this thesis, I investigated whether utilizing channels of interactivity could facilitate the development of more consolidated diagrams relative to existing public health visualizations. During my investigation, I developed two interactive web visualizations for distinct public health domain problems. The first application is COVID-MVP, which utilizes an interactive heatmap with panning and hover interactions to encode a variety of attributes across SARS-CoV-2 mutations, lineages, and user-uploaded sequences. The second application is AMR-TV, which utilizes an interactive faceted time series with panning and zooming interactions to encode a variety of user-specified attributes across antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Specifically, I tested AMR-TV by visualizing a variety of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria sampled across British Columbia. In both applications, I utilized interactivity to avoid dividing unique items and attributes into discrete diagrams, which then facilitated efficient visual analyses of the aggregated dataset. I thus concluded that interactive applications could be a viable strategy for developing less disjointed representations of public health data.

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  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current global pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Various pharmaceuticals are being developed to counter the spread of the virus. The strategy of repurposing known drugs and bioactive molecules is a rational approach. A previously described molecule, Ile-Arg-Trp (IRW), is a bioactive tripeptide that exhibits an ability to boost angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression in animals and cells. Given the importance of SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 interaction in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, we synthesized various IRW analogs intending to mitigate the RBD-ACE-2 interaction. Herein, we describe two analogs of IRW, A9 (Acetyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) and A14 (Formyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) which lowered the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD-ACE2 (at 50 µM) in vitro. The free energy of binding suggested that A9 and A14 interacted with the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD more favorably than ACE2. The calculated MMGBSA ΔG of spike binding for A9 was −57.22 kcal/mol, while that of A14 was −52.44 kcal/mol. A14 also inhibited furin enzymatic activity at various tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µM). We confirmed the effect of the two potent analogs using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein overexpressing cells. Both peptides lowered the protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at the tested concentration (50 µM). Similarly, both peptides, A9 and A14 (50 µM), also inhibited pseudotyped lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike in ACE2 overexpressing cells. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations showed the interaction of A9 and A14 with multiple residues in spike S1 RBD. In conclusion, novel peptide analogs of ACE2 boosting IRW were prepared and confirmed through in vitro, cellular, and computational evaluations to be potential seed candidates for SARS-CoV-2 host cell binding inhibition.

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    https://doi.org/10.34944/dspac...
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Other literature type . 2022
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  • Authors: Sin, Frances JiHae;

    Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults have been encouraged to stay indoors and isolated, leading to potential disruptions in their social activities and interpersonal relationships. We conducted an interview study (N=24) to examine older adults' technology adoption and communication practices in light of new circumstances related to the pandemic. Our interviews revealed that the pandemic motivated many older adults to learn new technology and become more tech-savvy in an effort to stay connected with others. However, they also reported challenges related to the pandemic that were major impediments to technology adoption. These were: (1) lack of access to in-person technology support under physical distancing mandates, (2) lack of opportunities for online participation due to negative age stereotypes and assumptions, and (3) increased apprehension to seek help from family members and friends who were suffering from pandemic-related stresses. This study extends technology adoption literature and contributes an up-to-date examination of the "grey digital divide" (the gap between older adults who use technology and those who do not). Our findings demonstrate that despite the rapidly increasing number of tech-savvy seniors, a digital divide not only persists, but has been exacerbated by the transition to virtual-only offerings. We reveal the challenges and coping strategies of older adults who remain separated from technology, and propose actionable solutions to increase digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weitz, Joshua S; Park, Sang Woo; Eksin, Ceyhun; Dushoff, Jonathan;

    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 300,000 reported deaths globally, of which more than 83,000 have been reported in the United States as of May 16, 2020. Public health interventions have had significant impacts in reducing transmission and in averting even more deaths. Nonetheless, in many jurisdictions (both at national and local levels) the decline of cases and fatalities after apparent epidemic peaks has not been rapid. Instead, the asymmetric decline in cases appears, in some cases, to be consistent with plateau- or shoulder-like phenomena. Here we explore a model of fatality-driven awareness in which individual protective measures increase with death rates. In this model, epidemic dynamics can be characterized by plateaus, shoulders, and lag-driven oscillations after exponential rises at the outset of disease dynamics. We also show that incorporating long-term awareness can avoid peak resurgence and accelerate epidemic decline. We suggest that awareness of epidemic severity is likely to play a critical role in disease dynamics, beyond that imposed by intervention-driven policies.

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  • Authors: Hao, Xingkai;

    Rapid and high-sensitivity detections of biological analytes are critically important to ensure timely diagnosis of disease and effective monitoring of public health. Although various new biosensing platforms have been established as alternatives to conventional laboratory methods, most of these biosensing platforms suffer from insufficient sensitivities that severely limit their wide applications. To improve the detection sensitivities of these biosensors, surface modifications based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and rolling circle amplification (RCA) have been proven to be effective methods. In this thesis, surface modification strategies based on PAMAM dendrimers and RCA have been applied on three biosensing platforms, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor chip, and affinity membrane, to improve their detection sensitivities. For the ELISA platform, glass-bottom and poly(styrene) 96-well plates are surface modified by dendrimer-aptamer conjugates to improve detection performances of human platelet-derived growth factor-BB using ELISA. The results show that the ELISA performed using the modified 96-well plates presents a much broader linear detection range and a significantly lower limit of detection (LOD) than conventional ELISA plates. For the LSPR platform, the dendrimer and aptamer modification strategy is employed to surface modify LSPR sensor chips for sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and an RCA-AuNPs complex is developed to amplify the detection signals. The results show that the modified chip can sensitively detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a LOD of 148 vp/mL, suggesting that the modified LSPR chip and signal amplification method can be used for early diagnosis of Covid-19. For the affinity membrane platform, nylon membranes with dendrimer and dual-RCA surface modifications are developed to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food samples. The surface-modified membranes significantly reduce the detection time of the target bacteria to two hours instead of several days using traditional bacterial detection methods. In addition, the new membranes achieve higher sample throughputs (around 4-5 mL/s) with a lower LOD (10 cells/ 250 mL) in processing real-world food samples compared to other similar detection platforms. The excellent properties of our surface modification approaches may provide further advantages when employed in other platforms, such as target separation and enrichment, antifouling and antibacterial, and drug delivery applications.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gurudeeban Selvaraj; Satyavani Kaliamurthi; Gilles H. Peslherbe; Dong-Qing Wei;

    Background: Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) around the world. Earlier identification of biomarkers for SARS can facilitate detection and reduce the mortality rate of the disease. Thus, by integrated network analysis and structural modeling approach, we aimed to explore the potential drug targets and the candidate drugs for coronavirus medicated SARS. Methods: Differentially expression (DE) analysis of CoV infected host genes (HGs) expression profiles was conducted by using the Limma. Highly integrated DE-CoV-HGs were selected to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Results: Using the Walktrap algorithm highly interconnected modules include module 1 (202 nodes); module 2 (126 nodes) and module 3 (121 nodes) modules were retrieved from the PPI network. MYC, HDAC9, NCOA3, CEBPB, VEGFA, BCL3, SMAD3, SMURF1, KLHL12, CBL, ERBB4, and CRKL were identified as potential drug targets (PDTs), which are highly expressed in the human respiratory system after CoV infection. Functional terms growth factor receptor binding, c-type lectin receptor signaling, interleukin-1 mediated signaling, TAP dependent antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, stimulatory T cell receptor signaling, and innate immune response signaling pathways, signal transduction and cytokine immune signaling pathways were enriched in the modules. Protein-protein docking results demonstrated the strong binding affinity (-314.57 kcal/mol) of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex which was selected as a drug target. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations indicated the structural stability and flexibility of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex. Further, Wortmannin was proposed as a candidate drug to ERBB4 to control SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent macropinocytosis, MAPK signaling, and NF-kb singling pathways that regulate host cell entry, replication, and modulation of the host immune system. Conclusion: We conclude that CoV drug target “ERBB4” and candidate drug “Wortmannin” provide insights on the possible personalized therapeutics for emerging COVID-19.

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    F1000Research
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      F1000Research
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Liu, Yifan;

    This study investigated how the visual saliency of hyperlinks as a web page design element impacts people’s perceived information overload (IO) and subjective states in the case of COVID-19 vaccination information. An experimental study was conducted, in which a total of 82 participants were randomly assigned to three conditions that differed with respect to the visual salience of hyperlinks leading to additional information sources. After completing an information-seeking task, participant’s IO level and subjective state were measured using adapted scales. Statistical analysis of scale data and thematic analysis of open-ended responses were used to analyze the data. Findings indicate an impact of visual saliency of hyperlinks on people’s IO reactions. Specifically, using accordion menus distributed throughout the page to dynamically hide many of the hyperlinks, participants’ perceived IO levels were significantly reduced. Participants’ IO reactions were negatively correlated with their subjective states, although no significant differences in subjective states across conditions were observed. Further design manipulation to reduce the visual saliency of hyperlinks by clustering them at the bottom of the page had no effect on IO, indicating that visual salience is not the only factor to consider when designing pages with high numbers of hyperlinks. The study results indicate that people do feel overloaded when looking for online health information, even arising from the experience of using a single web page, and the web page design elements do attract their attention and influence their information-seeking behaviour and experience. In conclusion, this thesis makes a valuable contribution by conducting an experimental study to understand the influence of hyperlinks’ visual saliency on people’s perceived IO and subjective states.

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  • Authors: Procko, Michael;

    The dual-mandate for protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are inconsistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence-based decision making. To narrow this gap, I used camera traps to monitor human activity and terrestrial mammals in an exurban PA and an adjacent research forest, with the objective of discerning impacts of human activity on the habitat use and diel activity patterns of cougars (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). I then used Bayesian models to assess how wildlife and humans share space and time. First, I investigated whether recreationists and motorized vehicles displaced these focal species at the weekly temporal scale. I found that hikers negatively affected bobcat habitat use, whereas vehicles negatively affected black bear habitat use. I then explored how species’ detection rates shifted during an unexpected period of park closure (due to COVID-19). I found increased cougar detection rates when public access was restricted, but subsequent decreases in cougar detection rates and increases in black-tailed deer detection rates upon the park’s reopening. Finally, I investigated how these species’ diel activity patterns were impacted by human pressures. Only black bears shifted to be (moderately) more nocturnal in spaces or times of higher observed human activity, whereas coyotes, snowshoe hares, cougars, and black-tailed deer all altered their diel activities in response to landscape features associated with human activity (e.g., trail or road densities). My results illustrate that wildlife may be displaced by human activity, but this displacement is often species- or activity-dependent and occurs at various spatiotemporal scales. I also provided support for the use of camera traps to simultaneously monitor human and wildlife activities and encourage PA managers to consider whether recreation is negatively impacting conservation goals within their own PAs. I stress that recreation has the potential to offset PA natural resource conservation goals. However, further research is needed to understand the how displacement by recreation might translate to consequences for wildlife populations.

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  • Authors: Tavallaeinejad, Mohammad; Païdoussis, Michael; Flores Salinas, Manuel; Legrand, Mathias; +2 Authors

    Paper accepted in its current form but conference cancelled due to the Covid19 pandemic.; International audience; The experiments described in this paper aim to examine the global dynamics of inverted flags and to explore the impact of periodic vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edges thereon. The effect of vortex shedding from both leading and trailing edges was investigated. It is shown that suppression of the leading and trailing edge vortices, and also inhibition of the interaction between the two counter-rotating vortices (if they exist), resulted in relatively small quantitative changes in the critical flow velocity, amplitude and frequency; but, the overall dynamics of the system remain intact. More importantly, the large-amplitude flapping persisted for all flags tested in the experiments. Force measurements provide some insights into the relationship between vortex shedding and large-amplitude flapping; a difference between the dominant frequency of the lift and that of flapping was observed for some cases. Moreover, for heavier inverted flags, additional peaks appear in the frequency spectrum of the lift signal, with amplitudes comparable to that matching the dominant frequency of flapping. The experimental results suggest that fluidelastic instability is the underlying mechanism for the flapping motion of heavy inverted flags. The near-identical qualitative behaviour of normal inverted flags and serrated ones with a splitter plate at the trailing edge suggests that the global (or qualitative) dynamics of heavy inverted flags is independent of unsteady vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edges; i.e., periodic vortex shedding is not the cause but an effect of large-amplitude flapping.

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    Authors: Andrew Fleet;
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2017
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    Protein Science
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2017
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      Protein Science
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Gill, Ivan Sohrab;

    Visualization designers sometimes divide subsets of public health data across multiple static diagrams, as more consolidated figures encoding the entire dataset can be limited by space and encoding considerations. However, the division of related items and attributes into discrete diagrams can decrease the efficiency of visual analyses due to inconsistent encodings and navigational concerns. Therefore, in this thesis, I investigated whether utilizing channels of interactivity could facilitate the development of more consolidated diagrams relative to existing public health visualizations. During my investigation, I developed two interactive web visualizations for distinct public health domain problems. The first application is COVID-MVP, which utilizes an interactive heatmap with panning and hover interactions to encode a variety of attributes across SARS-CoV-2 mutations, lineages, and user-uploaded sequences. The second application is AMR-TV, which utilizes an interactive faceted time series with panning and zooming interactions to encode a variety of user-specified attributes across antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Specifically, I tested AMR-TV by visualizing a variety of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria sampled across British Columbia. In both applications, I utilized interactivity to avoid dividing unique items and attributes into discrete diagrams, which then facilitated efficient visual analyses of the aggregated dataset. I thus concluded that interactive applications could be a viable strategy for developing less disjointed representations of public health data.

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  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current global pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Various pharmaceuticals are being developed to counter the spread of the virus. The strategy of repurposing known drugs and bioactive molecules is a rational approach. A previously described molecule, Ile-Arg-Trp (IRW), is a bioactive tripeptide that exhibits an ability to boost angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression in animals and cells. Given the importance of SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 interaction in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, we synthesized various IRW analogs intending to mitigate the RBD-ACE-2 interaction. Herein, we describe two analogs of IRW, A9 (Acetyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) and A14 (Formyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) which lowered the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD-ACE2 (at 50 µM) in vitro. The free energy of binding suggested that A9 and A14 interacted with the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD more favorably than ACE2. The calculated MMGBSA ΔG of spike binding for A9 was −57.22 kcal/mol, while that of A14 was −52.44 kcal/mol. A14 also inhibited furin enzymatic activity at various tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µM). We confirmed the effect of the two potent analogs using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein overexpressing cells. Both peptides lowered the protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at the tested concentration (50 µM). Similarly, both peptides, A9 and A14 (50 µM), also inhibited pseudotyped lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike in ACE2 overexpressing cells. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations showed the interaction of A9 and A14 with multiple residues in spike S1 RBD. In conclusion, novel peptide analogs of ACE2 boosting IRW were prepared and confirmed through in vitro, cellular, and computational evaluations to be potential seed candidates for SARS-CoV-2 host cell binding inhibition.

    https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.34944/dspac...
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • Authors: Sin, Frances JiHae;

    Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults have been encouraged to stay indoors and isolated, leading to potential disruptions in their social activities and interpersonal relationships. We conducted an interview study (N=24) to examine older adults' technology adoption and communication practices in light of new circumstances related to the pandemic. Our interviews revealed that the pandemic motivated many older adults to learn new technology and become more tech-savvy in an effort to stay connected with others. However, they also reported challenges related to the pandemic that were major impediments to technology adoption. These were: (1) lack of access to in-person technology support under physical distancing mandates, (2) lack of opportunities for online participation due to negative age stereotypes and assumptions, and (3) increased apprehension to seek help from family members and friends who were suffering from pandemic-related stresses. This study extends technology adoption literature and contributes an up-to-date examination of the "grey digital divide" (the gap between older adults who use technology and those who do not). Our findings demonstrate that despite the rapidly increasing number of tech-savvy seniors, a digital divide not only persists, but has been exacerbated by the transition to virtual-only offerings. We reveal the challenges and coping strategies of older adults who remain separated from technology, and propose actionable solutions to increase digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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    Authors: Weitz, Joshua S; Park, Sang Woo; Eksin, Ceyhun; Dushoff, Jonathan;

    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 300,000 reported deaths globally, of which more than 83,000 have been reported in the United States as of May 16, 2020. Public health interventions have had significant impacts in reducing transmission and in averting even more deaths. Nonetheless, in many jurisdictions (both at national and local levels) the decline of cases and fatalities after apparent epidemic peaks has not been rapid. Instead, the asymmetric decline in cases appears, in some cases, to be consistent with plateau- or shoulder-like phenomena. Here we explore a model of fatality-driven awareness in which individual protective measures increase with death rates. In this model, epidemic dynamics can be characterized by plateaus, shoulders, and lag-driven oscillations after exponential rises at the outset of disease dynamics. We also show that incorporating long-term awareness can avoid peak resurgence and accelerate epidemic decline. We suggest that awareness of epidemic severity is likely to play a critical role in disease dynamics, beyond that imposed by intervention-driven policies.

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  • Authors: Hao, Xingkai;

    Rapid and high-sensitivity detections of biological analytes are critically important to ensure timely diagnosis of disease and effective monitoring of public health. Although various new biosensing platforms have been established as alternatives to conventional laboratory methods, most of these biosensing platforms suffer from insufficient sensitivities that severely limit their wide applications. To improve the detection sensitivities of these biosensors, surface modifications based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and rolling circle amplification (RCA) have been proven to be effective methods. In this thesis, surface modification strategies based on PAMAM dendrimers and RCA have been applied on three biosensing platforms, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor chip, and affinity membrane, to improve their detection sensitivities. For the ELISA platform, glass-bottom and poly(styrene) 96-well plates are surface modified by dendrimer-aptamer conjugates to improve detection performances of human platelet-derived growth factor-BB using ELISA. The results show that the ELISA performed using the modified 96-well plates presents a much broader linear detection range and a significantly lower limit of detection (LOD) than conventional ELISA plates. For the LSPR platform, the dendrimer and aptamer modification strategy is employed to surface modify LSPR sensor chips for sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and an RCA-AuNPs complex is developed to amplify the detection signals. The results show that the modified chip can sensitively detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a LOD of 148 vp/mL, suggesting that the modified LSPR chip and signal amplification method can be used for early diagnosis of Covid-19. For the affinity membrane platform, nylon membranes with dendrimer and dual-RCA surface modifications are developed to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food samples. The surface-modified membranes significantly reduce the detection time of the target bacteria to two hours instead of several days using traditional bacterial detection methods. In addition, the new membranes achieve higher sample throughputs (around 4-5 mL/s) with a lower LOD (10 cells/ 250 mL) in processing real-world food samples compared to other similar detection platforms. The excellent properties of our surface modification approaches may provide further advantages when employed in other platforms, such as target separation and enrichment, antifouling and antibacterial, and drug delivery applications.

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