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Depuis la Convention de Chicago en 1944, l'industrie du transport aérien a maintenu une forte dynamique de croissance, malgré les fluctuations du marché à court terme, dont la dernière a été la pandémie de COVID-19. Cette croissance, soutenue par le développement économique et touristique mondial, s’est traduite par des flux d’échange de services sur le marché international. Les compagnies aériennes dont la stratégie de développement touristique reposait auparavant sur l’intégration verticale et horizontale, se sont tournées vers de nouvelles stratégies basées sur la différenciation et les coûts comparatifs. En effet, la déréglementation dans le transport aérien a joué un rôle clé dans la création de nouvelles dessertes et l’augmentation de la concurrence entre les compagnies sur le marché international. Cette concurrence a favorisé l’émergence de nouvelles stratégies touristiques qui ont participé au développement du tourisme mondial. Since the Chicago Convention in 1944, the airline industry has maintained strong growth momentum, despite short-term market fluctuations, the latest of which was the COVID-19 pandemic. This growth, supported by global economic and tourism development, has resulted in the exchange of services on the international market. Air companies, whose tourism development strategy was previously based on vertical and horizontal integration, have turned to new strategies based on differentiation and comparative costs. Indeed, deregulation in air transport has played a crucial role in creating new routes and increasing competition between airlines in the international market. This competition has encouraged the emergence of new tourism strategies that have contributed to world tourism development.

Smart mobility is poised to cause a socio-economic transition of transportation systems in cities (Garau et al., 2016; Lyons, 2018). As part of this transition, Automated Vehicles (AV) integration in public transport requires further investigation regarding the implications on the transport ecosystem (González-González et al., 2020). This has also become a prime concern because of the current Covid-19 situation. Indeed, the guidelines to restrict the pandemic that shrunk the global economy by 4.4% in 2020 have caused acute disruptions in public transport (The world bank 2020). The pandemic crisis also highlighted the vulnerabilities of the public transport ecosystem. It became more crucial to ensure accessible, safe, and reliable services (Liu et al., 2020; Jenelius and Cebecauer 2020). Thus, automated minibuses could provide a solution to the unsustainability of the transport sector and increase public transport competitiveness. Indeed, the introduction of on-demand, door-to-door, shared automated vehicles could reduce car-ownership, impact travel behaviour, enhance public transport services, and eventually lead to smart and livable cities (Nogués et al., 2020). To better ensure that this mode of transport achieves its potential, key stakeholders should be equipped with the tools to guide them in embedding the automated minibus in the future city (Medina-Tapia and Robusté 2019).This paper suggests possible future scenarios future scenarios of automated minibuses deployment and calculates the environmental impact through externalities caused by these modal shifts (from traditional transport to automated minibuses).Thus, the research tries to answer the question: What is the potential impact of the transition from traditional transport to new mobility (automated minibuses) in European cities?