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В статье рассмотрены изменения в работе авиатранспорта в условиях распространения COVID-19. Проведена оценка влияния пандемии на развитие грузовых авиаперевозок. Изучены организации авиаперевозок на основе использования цифровой платформы ONE Source

The paper provides initial evidence that excess mortality rates by locality can be used as a statistically reliable predictor of looming mortality crises. Using recently published daily deaths figures for 7,357 Italian municipalities, we estimate the growth in daily mortality rates between the period 2015-2019 and 2020 by province. All provinces that experienced a major mortality shock in mid-March 2020 had increases in mortality rates of 100% or above already in mid-February 2020. This increase was particularly strong for males and older people, two recognizable features of COVID-19. Using panel data models, we find a strong positive and significant association between overall deaths and COVID-19 related deaths, and between early increases in mortality rates in February 2020 for any cause and the March 2020 outbreak in COVID-19 deaths. We conclude that the growth in mortality rates can potentially be used as a statistically reliable predictor of mortality crises, including COVID- 19 crises.

This paper investigates whether gold and silver can be considered safe havens by examining their long-run linkages with 22 stock price indices. More specifically, the stochastic properties of the differential between gold/silver prices and 22 stock indices are analysed applying fractional integration/cointegration methods to daily data, first for a sample from January 2010 until December 2019, then for one from January 2020 until July 2022 which includes the Covid-19 pandemic. The results can be summarised as follows. In the case of the pre-Covid-19 sample ending in December 2019, mean reversion is found for the gold price differential vis-à-vis BEF, BSE, CAC, DOW, KLS, KS1, MXX, N100, NAS, NYA and SP5 and for both differentials vis-à-vis CAC, KLS and N100, i.e. the evidence is mixed on whether these precious metals can be seen as safe havens, though it appears that this property characterises gold in a slightly higher number of cases. By contrast, when using the sample starting in January 2020, the evidence in favour of gold and silver as possible safe havens is pretty conclusive since mean reversion is only found in a single case, namely that of the gold differential vis-à-vis NZX.

This paper examines the early months of trade in goods between the United Kingdom and European Union in the aftermath of Brexit. Controlling for product-time and partner country effects across all European bilateral trade flows, we isolate the contribution of Brexit on trade in the first half of 2021 from other potential common drivers of trade flows including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show sharp declines in trade from the UK to the EU, the majority of which can be attributed to a Brexit impact. We also document considerable variation across member states and sectors. The effect of Brexit is highly asymmetric, however, with reduction in trade from the EU to the UK approximately half the size of the fall from the UK to EU. This is likely explained by the more gradual implementation of customs checks by the UK. Reductions in trade are identified from the date of the referendum and no evidence of stockpiling in the months prior to Brexit is found on either side.

Diese Notiz beschreibt die Veränderungen des Schweizer Verkehrsverhaltens durch die Einschränkungen zur Eindämmung der Sars-CoV-2 Pandemie. Die Auswertungen der Google oder Intervista Daten haben inhaltliche Grenzen, die wir durch weitere Befragungsinhalte nicht haben. Wir beschreiben unsere GPS tracking Daten in Kürze und konzentrieren uns auf die Darstellung ausgesuchter Veränderungen, insbesondere auf die nach Einkommensgruppen und Lage der Wohnungen. Diese Notiz wird durch die wöchentlichen Berichte auf https://ivtmobis.ethz.ch/mobis/covid19/reports ergänzt. This note describes the changes in travel behaviour due to the restrictions imposed to slow the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 epidemic in Switzerland. The existing analyses of the Google or the national Intervisa data have limits due to missing socio-demographic details about their users. We briefly describe our GPS tracking panel and its sample. The analyses focus on the changes for different income groups and for the differences in accessibility. It will be supplemented by the weekly https://ivtmobis.ethz.ch/mobis/covid19/reports. Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung, 1503

Urban systems, and regions more generally, are the epicenters of many of today's social issues. Yet they are also the global drivers of technological innovation and thus it is critical that we understand their vulnerabilities and what makes them resilient to different types of shocks. We take regions to be systems composed of internal networks of interdependent components. As the connectedness of those networks increases, it allows information and resources to move more rapidly within a region. Yet, it also increases the speed and efficiency at which the effects of shocks cascade through the system. Here we analyze regional networks of interdependent industries and how their structures relate to a region's vulnerability to shocks. Methodologically, we utilize a metric of economic connectedness, known as tightness, which attempts to quantify the ambiguous notion of a region's internal connectedness relative to other regions. Using industry employment, we calculate the economic tightness of German regions during the Great Recession, comparing it to each region's economic performance during the shock (2007-2009) and during recovery (2009-2011). We find that tightness is negatively correlated with changes in economic performance during the shock but positively correlated with performance during recovery. This suggests that regional economic planners face a tradeoff between being more productive or being more vulnerable to the next economic shock. Finally, we speculate on how these findings from the Great Recession may highlight potential implications of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and suggest future research that would compare outcomes of these two global shocks. Urbane Systeme und Regionen im Allgemeinen sind die Epizentren vieler heutiger sozialer Herausforderungen. Sie sind aber auch die globalen Treiber für technologische Innovationen. Daher ist es entscheidend, dass wir ihre Schwachstellen verstehen und wissen, was sie widerstandsfähig gegenüber verschiedenen Arten von Schocks macht. Wir betrachten Regionen als Systeme, die aus internen Netzwerken von voneinander abhängigen Komponenten bestehen. Wenn die Stärke dieser Netzwerke zunimmt, können Informationen und Ressourcen schneller innerhalb einer Region fließen. Dies kann jedoch auch die Geschwindigkeit und Stärke erhöhen, mit der sich die Auswirkungen von Schocks kaskadenartig durch das System ausbreiten können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag analysieren wir regionale Netzwerke von voneinander abhängigen Industrien und wie ihre Strukturen mit der Anfälligkeit einer Region für Schocks zusammenhängen. Methodisch verwenden wir eine Metrik der wirtschaftlichen Verflechtung ('tightness'), welche versucht, den vielschichtigen Begriff der internen Verflechtung einer Region relativ zu anderen Regionen zu quantifizieren. Anhand von Beschäftigungsdaten auf Branchenebene berechnen wir die wirtschaftliche Verflechtung der deutschen Regionen während der globalen Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise und vergleichen sie mit der Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsleistung der einzelnen Regionen während des Schocks (2007-2009) und während der Erholung (2009-2011). Wir stellen fest, dass ein hohes Maß an tightness negativ mit der Wirtschaftsentwicklung während des Schocks, aber positiv mit der während der Erholung korreliert ist. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass im Rahmen der kommunalen und regionalen Wirtschaftspolitik ein ausgewogener Mittelweg zwischen Produktivität und Resilienz gefunden werden sollte. Abschließend stellen wir erste Überlegungen dazu an, ob diese Erkenntnisse aus der Weltwirtschafts- und Finanzkrise auch auf die Implikationen der COVID-19-Pandemie übertragen werden können.