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The Eurozone and the European Union have recently been confronted with a number of existential threats. The sovereign debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have forced European decisionmakers to pass important reforms which have radically transformed the nature and scope of the Union's powers in the field of economic and fiscal policy. As the new economic governance of the Eurozone emerges as the main driver of integration in today's Europe, this book seeks to assess the solidity of the constitutional foundations supporting that system, and its compliance with the Union's core founding value: the rule of law. Using competence allocation, regulatory quality, access to external review and fundamental rights sustainability as analytical benchmarks, this book argues that the recent metamorphosis of Eurozone economic governance has not been accompanied by a parallel strengthening of its constitutional settlement, leading to a problematic misalignment between the Union's action and its governing principles. Introduction -- The new economic governance of the Eurozone : structure and functioning -- Post-crisis economic policy coordination in the Eurozone : a conceptual appraisal through the governance perspective -- The new economic governance of the Eurozone and the competence allocation system -- The internal quality of the new economic governance of the Eurozone : the case of fiscal policy rules -- The new economic governance of the Eurozone and the (im)possibilities of external review -- The new economic governance of the Eurozone and the sustainability of EU fundamental rights -- Conclusion : the rule of law, the role of law and economic governance in the Eurozone.

The COVID-19 pandemic started more than a year ago, but until today, we did not have a definitive cure for this disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus constantly mutated over time, infecting more people and causing tremendous stress on the existing scarcity of healthcare resources all around the world. Here, the experts from ground zero will share their first-hand experience of clinical trials looking for a cure for COVID-19, like the WHO's Solidarity Trial and the role of palliative care in COVID-19 as part of humanitarian crisis management. To download this eBook in other formats, please go to https://books2read.com/u/3ya9rn or https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/1103401

Happenstance ’20s hopes to reflect the times and artefacts of the 2020s, when different chance meetings happened online due to COVID-19, when dialogues between hosts and guests have taken some new directions during lockdowns, cultural attitudes have changed due to Brexit, and media constructs demand new types of literacy regarding a cultural identity deconstruction.In order to emphasize the role of cultural artefacts, such as art, film, language and images, this textbook draws from a rich array of disciplines and theoretical frameworks in the study of the 2020s phenomena in the global contexts. The binary functions of a wide spectrum are grounded in a communicative approach, with a fair share of linguistic education in the language classroom. The authors wish to intrigue, perhaps even beyond their intention, with the attempt to document a moment in time, often pointing towards the detrimental planning of stereotypes. The expertise tries to span the globe and reflect the role of binary opposition in bridging the gaps and reconnecting cultures. In Chapter 1, film narratives and characters bring together the ways of understanding the interrelations between binary oppositions of multiculturalism and American Creed. Chapter 2 analyses synonymous lexical relations of newspaper headlines about COVID-19, which refer to binary oppositions of stereotypes about the superpowers: the USA and Japan. In Chapter 3, the host-guest social encounters are presented according to a binary concept of face-to-face communication vs. the counters we have frequented in Zoom meetings. Chapter 4 depicts globalization in language in Croatian online news and social media, as well as tackles the post-Brexit situation, with special regards to a binary concept of cultural appropriation and appreciation. At the end of each chapterthere are activities and appendixes. The linguistic and multimodal tool of the trade should empower and inspire readers to realise the versatile and diverse nature of possible happenstances as collateral events in the 2020s participatory practice. Happenstance '20s nastoji odraziti vrijeme i artefakte 2020-ih, kada su se različiti slučajni susreti dogodili online zbog COVID-19, dijalozi između domaćina i stranca krenuli nekim novim smjerovima tijekom lockdowna, kulturni su se sustavi promijenili zbog Brexita, a medijski konstrukti iziskuju nove vrste pismenosti u pogledu dekonstrukcije kulturnog identiteta. Koristeći umjetničke artefakte poput filma i svijeta slika te vizualnosti, udžbenik crpi iz bogatog niza disciplina i teorijskih okvira koristeći fenomene našeg vremena u globalnom kontekstu. Binarne funkcije širokog spektra utemeljene su stoga na komunikacijskom pristupu proučavanja medija i kulture dok je značajan udio jezičnog prostora okrenut prema praktičnom nastavnom radu. Autori nastoje zaintrigirati čitatelje te dokumentirati određena zbivanja, pritom često ukazujući na štetno djelovanje stereotipnih obrazaca. Stručni dio udžbenika osvrće se na ulogu binarnih opozicija u premošćivanju jaza i povezivanju kultura. U 1. poglavlju filmske pripovijesti i likovi donose različite načine razumijevanja međuodnosa u sferi multikulturalizma i američkog Creeda. Poglavlje br. 2 analizira sinonimne leksičke odnose povezujući korpus novinskih naslova vezanim uz COVID-19 te uspoređujući odnose medijskih stereotipa o dvjema supersilama: SAD-u i Japanu. U 3. poglavlju prikazani su društveni susreti na relaciji domaćin-gost prema binarnom konceptu izravne komunikacije (licem u lice) nasuprot susretima koji se događaju isključivo online uslijed naše česte posjećenosti Zoom- u tijekom lockdowna. Poglavlje br. 4 opisuje globalizaciju u jeziku na korpusu hrvatskih informativnih emisija na društvenim mrežama nakon Brexita te uz osobit naglasak na binarni koncept kulturološkog prisvajanja i uvažavanja. Na kraju svakog poglavlja nalaze se nastavne aktivnosti i dodaci. Udžbenik pruža jezične i multimodalne alate koji mogu osnažiti i potaknuti čitatelje da spoznaju svestranu i raznoliku prirodu kolateralnih događaja u participativnoj praksi 2020-ih.

No abstract available.

This three volume set (CCIS 1237-1239) constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2020, in June 2020. The conference was scheduled to take place in Lisbon, Portugal, at University of Lisbon, but due to COVID-19 pandemic it was held virtually. The 173 papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 213 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: homage to Enrique Ruspini; invited talks; foundations and mathematics; decision making, preferences and votes; optimization and uncertainty; games; real world applications; knowledge processing and creation; machine learning I; machine learning II; XAI; image processing; temporal data processing; text analysis and processing; fuzzy interval analysis; theoretical and applied aspects of imprecise probabilities; similarities in artificial intelligence; belief function theory and its applications; aggregation: theory and practice; aggregation: pre-aggregation functions and other generalizations of monotonicity; aggregation: aggregation of different data structures; fuzzy methods in data mining and knowledge discovery; computational intelligence for logistics and transportation problems; fuzzy implication functions; soft methods in statistics and data analysis; image understanding and explainable AI; fuzzy and generalized quantifier theory; mathematical methods towards dealing with uncertainty in applied sciences; statistical image processing and analysis, with applications in neuroimaging; interval uncertainty; discrete models and computational intelligence; current techniques to model, process and describe time series; mathematical fuzzy logic and graded reasoning models; formal concept analysis, rough sets, general operators and related topics; computational intelligence methods in information modelling, representation and processing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Workshop on Monte Carlo Search, MCS 2020, organized in conjunction with IJCAI 2020. The event was supposed to take place in Yokohama, Japan, in July 2020, but due to the Covid-19 pandemic was held virtually on January 7, 2021. The 9 full papers of the specialized project were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 submissions. The following topics are covered in the contributions: discrete mathematics in computer science, games, optimization, search algorithms, Monte Carlo methods, neural networks, reinforcement learning, machine learning.

The publication covers scientific research in the field of biophysics, ecology, physiotherapy and the COVID-19 epidemic. Zbornik pokriva znanstveno raziskovanje s področja biofizike, ekologije, fizioterapije in epidemije COVID-19.

This rapid review summarises the economic impacts of the pandemic on ethnic minorities, focusing on the city of Manchester. It utilises multiple reporting sources to explore various dimensions of the economic shock in the UK, linking this to studies of pre-COVID-19 economic and ethnic composition in Manchester and in the combined authority area of Greater Manchester. We then make inferences about the pandemic’s impact specific to the city region. Greater Manchester has seen some of the highest rates of COVID-19 and as a result has faced particularly stringent 'lockdown' regulations.Manchester is the sixth most deprived Local Authority in England (according to 2019 English Indices of Multiple Deprivation). As a consequence, many neighbourhoods in the city were always going to be less resilient to the economic shock caused by the pandemic compared with other, less-deprived, areas. Particular challenges for Manchester include the prevalence of poor health, low-paid work, low qualifications, poor housing conditions and overcrowding. Ethnic minority groups also faced disparities long before the onset of the pandemic. Within the UK, ethnic minorities have been found to be most disadvantaged in terms of employment and housing – particularly in large urban areas containing traditional settlement areas for ethnic minorities. Further, all Black, Asian, and Minority ethnic (BAME) groups in Greater Manchester have been found to be less likely to be employed pre-pandemic compared with White people. For example, people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic backgrounds, especially women, have the lowest levels of employment in Greater Manchester. Finally, unprecedented cuts to public spending as a result of austerity have also disproportionately affected women of an ethnic minority background alongside women, disabled people, the young and those with no or low-level qualifications. This environment has created and sustained a multiplicative disadvantage for Manchester’s ethnic minority residents through the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.