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En 2020 au Québec, la pandémie de la COVID-19 a entrainé l’annulation de nombreux événements musicaux. Outre les concerts, ce sont aussi les soirées de jam qui ont dû s’arrêter. Celles-ci rassemblent habituellement des amateurs de musique pour des séances d’improvisation collective cadrées par des règles (dites et non-dites) qui varient selon les lieux, les participants et les genres de musique. Cet article porte plus spécifiquement sur une communauté de producteurs et d’amateurs de musiques électroniques qui ont choisi de transposer dans l’environnement numérique l’événement de jam qu’ils organisaient dans des lieux physiques auparavant. Notre recherche vise à comprendre ce que la transposition numérique fait à la création collective et par quels dispositifs techniques celle-ci se matérialise. Face aux contraintes et limites tant techniques qu’organisationnelles, la raison d’être du jam évolue, passant de la musique jouée ensemble dans un même moment à la musique produite et composée collectivement. Ainsi, notre recherche montre que la volonté de développer un projet temporaire collectif commun encourage les participants à négocier avec le format de l’événement. In 2020 in Quebec, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the cancellation of many musical events. In addition to the concerts, it was also the jam sessions that had to stop. These events usually bring together music lovers for collective improvisation sessions framed by rules that vary depending on the location, the participants, and the genre of music. This article focuses more specifically on a community of electronic music producers and fans who have chosen to transpose into the digital environment the jam event they used to organize. Our research aims to understand what digital transposition does to collective creation and through which technical devices it materializes. In the face of both technical and organizational constraints and limitations, the meaning of the jam is evolving from music played together to music produced and composed collectively. Thus, our research shows that the will to develop a temporary collective, common project encourages participants to negotiate with the potential format of the event.

In this paper, we test whether arable crop farmers in times of COVID-19 are more inclined to adopt microbial applications after watching a nudging video on the potential positive effects of microbial applications. Extreme exogenous events, like natural disasters, increase the risk aversion of individuals that experienced them (Cameron & Shah, 2015; Cassar et al., 2017). The unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak in Europe in 2020, which at some point put all countries to different degrees on hold, is the most recent example of such an exogeneous drastic event. Further is it well-known that risk attitudes are an important determinant of agricultural production decisions as well as agricultural technology adoption decisions. In general, farmers are seen as utility maximisers, as described by the Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) theory. Yet, a growing body of literature suggests that deviations from the expected utility theory are quite common in agricultural technology adoption and production decisions (Bellemare et al., 2020; Brunette & Tevenart, 2019; Streletskaya et al., 2020). For instance, Bellemare et al. (2020) find that farmers’ behaviour is nonmonotonic when it comes to price risks. Bocquého et al. (2014) find that Tversky and Kahneman’s Prospect Theory (1992) describes farmers’ behaviour better than expected utility theory. Liu (2013) finds in her field experiment on Bt cotton adoption that risk attitude as well as probability weighting determines the timing of adoption: The more risk averse farmers adopt Bt cotton later, while the farmers that overweight small probabilities adopt the new variety earlier. Taken together, the findings on the relationship between extreme events and risk attitude, and risk attitudes and farmers’ behaviour, suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak may lead farmers to become more risk averse, potentially deterring them from making essential investments for future profitability. In this article, we investigate whether a nudge, in form of an informative video, can overcome exogenous risk attitudes and lead to better production decisions. While Liu (2013) investigated ex post how risk attitudes affect technological adoption decisions, we investigate ex ante the adoption of a novel technology. We use the risk preference parameters (utility function curvature) and parameters of the probability weighting function, as well as exposure to COVID-19 to model the uptake of microbial applications in arable farming. We use two lotteries to elicit the two parameters. The Holt and Laury (2002) protocol is used to elicit the parameters of the probability weighting function. We follow the adjustments by Drichoutis and Lusk (2016) to estimate the parameters of the utility function curvature. For parameter estimation, we use maximum likelihood estimation models (Harrison & Rutström, 2008).

En un contexto de digitalización acelerada de la educación, la mayoría de los centros educativos públicos están utilizando plataformas digitales comerciales como Google o Microsoft. Este fenómeno, intensificado durante la pandemia del COVID-19, requiere ser comprendido y analizado por distintas miradas y actores, con el fin de buscar respuestas que permitan un uso más sensato y seguro de estas herramientas en contextos educativos. En este escenario, el presente artículo explora los discursos sobre la protección de la privacidad de los usuarios de las plataformas digitales en las escuelas y el cuidado de los derechos de la infancia por parte de los principales actores del campo educativo. El estudio, de corte cualitativo, se basa en la realización de 14 entrevistas a informantes clave y analiza el discurso de sus posicionamientos y manifestaciones en relación con el uso de plataformas digitales comerciales en la escuela, la gestión de datos masivos, los derechos de la infancia y el derecho a la privacidad. Los resultados de esta investigación arrojan luz sobre las tensiones discursivas existentes entre los distintos actores del campo educativo alrededor de la entrada de plataformas digitales de corporaciones tecnológicas en la escuela pública.

El COVID-19 golpeó las comunidades indígenas amazónicas del Perú durante dos años, fomentando la recuperación de conocimientos, prácticas y estrategias tradicionales para combatir sus síntomas. Presentamos las especies de plantas y animales usadas por dos comunidades ticuna del bajo Amazonas peruano durante la pandemia del COVID-19, describiendo la forma de preparación y administración de los preparados. La información se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a hombres y mujeres de las comunidades durante las dos primeras olas de la pandemia, de mayo del 2020 a junio del 2021. Las entrevistas fueron presenciales, en los trabajos de campo realizados en las comunidades, y virtuales, usando la vía telefónica y aplicaciones de mensajería disponibles en las comunidades o en los centros poblados mayores cercanos. Durante los trabajos de campo en Nueva Galilea se realizaron visitas a los puntos de colecta de las especies vegetales. Se identificaron catorce especies de plantas y tres especies de animales usados en la pandemia. Las partes más usadas de las especies vegetales, en orden de importancia fueron las hojas, las raíces, los bulbos y los frutos, realizándose preparados en forma de infusiones, al fresco, en baños y en inhalaciones de vapor. Se evidencia cómo el conocimiento tradicional en el uso de las plantas y animales que curan, de manera integrada con la apropiación de conocimientos externos, sigue vigente en las comunidades ticuna. El conocimiento sobre las propiedades curativas de catorce especies de plantas y tres especies animales identificadas ha permitido combatir los síntomas de una enfermedad muy agresiva.

Construction, one of the largest global economic sectors, has been severely challenged by the economic uncertainties brought on by COVID-19. Since 2020, pandemic-related disruptions and remedial measures have made its historically low performance even more difficult. As a result, recent research mainly addressed these negative consequences on the construction sector. In contrast, this paper aims to identify mitigation strategies recognised as good practices on construction projects in Serbia, in addition to detecting disruptions and quantifying their effects on cost and time overruns. A particular emphasis is given to how the pandemic hastened digital transition and encouraged the adoption of modern project management practices. The research was carried out through a survey of two rounds, conducted one year apart, to obtain an in-depth overview. The findings indicated that, although it had an impact on construction projects, the pandemic was not particularly harmful, because of widely used remedial measures and modern project management techniques. However, the pandemic did not modernise project implementation substantially nor significantly increase the use of cutting-edge digital technologies. Nevertheless, it encouraged project managers to think about introducing new approaches in project management, where digitisation is the new normal. The research findings may indicate to academia and practitioners what strategies may assure a project’s implementation even in enormously changed conditions, such as during a pandemic.

With the emergence of corona virus disease in 2019, handwashing has gotten more attention (COVID-19). It is the most efficient preventative measure against infectious infections. Especially in primary schools, when youngsters spend time close together and may be less concerned with personal hygiene. Through health education regarding hygiene, teachers play a crucial role in ensuring the students’ health at school. Therefore, the focus of this interventional research is the hand washing practices of elementary school instructors. This study investigated the impact of health education and hands-on demonstrations on the handwashing practices of primary school teachers in Kware town, LGA, Sokoto State. The design of the study was non-randomized and quasi-experimental. Using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire, data were obtained. Fifty-five people were enlisted in the study and participated in the pre-experimental phase, whereas 50 participants participated in the post-experimental phase. The data was analyzed using version 23 of SPSS. Initial instructor expertise was quite limited, particularly at the school entry and during after-school activities. The intervention produced a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from 40.0% to 96.0% and 54.5% to 94.0%, respectively. For other timings, the increase in handwashing habit was minimal. Teachers of elementary schools lacked awareness about handwashing in important areas of daily school life. The health education intervention and practical demonstration resulted in a high level of knowledge and practice. It is essential for the success of infectious disease prevention in schools that teachers participate in training sessions for health education programs.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la pandemia sobre el empleo en España a nivel autonómico y su comparación con el inicio de la crisis financiera de 2008. Por un lado, se analiza la evolución del empleo, desagregando por sexo, tipo de jornada y tipo de sector (público o privado), así como de las tasas de temporalidad y parcialidad. Por otro lado, se relacionan las diferencias observadas en las variaciones porcentuales del empleo con la variación porcentual del PIB. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que la caída del empleo en el 2º trimestre de 2020 es incluso mayor que la registrada al inicio de la crisis de 2008. Sin embargo, a finales de 2020 la pérdida de empleo ya es claramente inferior a la anotada en el primer año de la crisis financiera, mientras que la sensibilidad del empleo al PIB ha sido mucho menor en la crisis derivada de la pandemia, tanto en el empleo temporal como en el empleo a tiempo completo. Las medidas de política laboral adoptadas, centradas sobre todo en reforzar el mecanismo de los ERTE, explicarían en gran medida el dispar comportamiento entre ambas crisis.

Para relacionar la presencia de Cándida Albicans como un factor agravante en pacientes con COVID-19, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Redalyc, Scielo, PubMed, Research gate, Science direct, Google Académico. Los criterios de inclusión utilizados fueron: artículos en inglés y español además de artículos publicados desde al año 2020 hasta la fecha. Se analizaron 65 artículos científicos que cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda y se pudo determinar que la cándidiasis oral afecta de manera negativa a pacientes con infección COVID-19, aumentando el riesgo de ingreso a UCI con uso de ventiladores artificiales.

The COVID19-Pandemic has forced educators to transform their lessons into online versions in a short period of time. This study compares teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding their online teaching and learning practices prior to the obligatory transition to remote mode and their evaluations after experiencing online teaching for a year. With fast changes taking places in recent times and online education taking centerstage, the primary objective of this study is to find out the outcomes of these changes, with respect to effectiveness, teaching style and pedagogy. This study is exploratory in nature. Using a structured questionnaire completed responses were received and analyzed using the available research tools. Two surveys with a three-year gap were completed by 251 Ukrainian teachers and students. Results demonstrated a significant change in the perception regarding resolutions to implement technology in their education in a post-corona era. In this regard, the implementation of the mixed mode seems to be the most popular choice. Findings of this study provide implications for the better interaction possibilities between teachers and students as well as between students themselves, as well as experienced positive and negative aspects of online teaching. Future research should focus on constructing and testing educational design principles for effective adopting online technology in educational practices.

This paper was written within the research project called “Equality in suburban physical activity environments, YLLI” (in Finnish: Yhdenvertainen liikunnallinen lähiö, YLLI) funded by the Suburban Programme 2020–2022 (in Finnish: Lähiöohjelma 2020–2022, decision number VN/10837/2020). Informal sport is central to Finnish children’s leisure and physical activity time. This paper aims to build a better understanding of the travel time-based accessibility to informal sports facilities, specifically to ice skating fields, for children and adolescents (aged 7–19) in the city of Helsinki. We focused on the winter of 2020–2021 because COVID-19 restrictions on indoor activities resulted in ice skating fields being among the few public facilities that could remain open. Additionally, the weather was favourable for maintaining outdoor ice skating fields. We analysed if there would be a difference in children’s independent travel times by public transport or walking to ice skating fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic related recommendations by Helsinki Region Transport to avoid public transport. Children in Finland usually travel to and from school independently. Hence we focused on the transition from public transport to walking and omitted car usage, which would require an adult. We also looked at the potential differences in travel time to ice skating fields by analysing different types of fields separately. This difference would be of significance if climate change resulted in warmer winters in Finland. Helsinki has two types of ice skating fields: naturally frozen and mechanically frozen, of which only the mechanically frozen fields would be used during a warmer winter that is above zero degrees Celsius. We took a geographic information systems (GIS) analysis approach using travel time and population catchments. The study’s main findings show that during a milder winter and by walking, the accessibility for children is greatly reduced to 55.2%; that is, children face an increased travel time when naturally frozen ice skating fields are not in use. However, almost 100% of the child population can access both types of fields within a travel time of 30 minutes by public transport. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed