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Covid-19 has forced countries around the world to make massive adaptations to the normal way of life to reduce the risk of the spread of the virus. This briefing sets out new insights into how people’s travel patterns have adapted over time and why. It draws on national data sources and a major panel survey of over 6000 people conducted in July and December 2020. It calls for a major realignment of investment and policy to ensure that we do not return to the overcrowded, congested, polluting and unhealthy transport system that people had come to accept as inevitable.

The Paris Agreement calls for universal action to tackle climate change. Accordingly, countries have laid out their climate mitigation pledges and strategies on their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Most of the submitted NDCs include climate actions in the energy sector as a part of a national strategies in achieving their Paris climate targets. This paper assesses the alignment of the Indonesian power sector's pathway with its Paris Agreement targets. Furthermore, we analyze the role of climate change mitigation in the power sector to Indonesia's SDGs targets. We also identify how Covid-19 might affect the power sector development and subsequently the sector's contribution to NDC. We review the literature and energy sector's publications and apply the SDG interaction framework developed by Nilsson et.al. (2016) for our analysis. Our results indicate how the power sector's pathway contributes to both NDC and SDGs targets.

Funding Information: Funding/Support: This work was supported by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund (grant A-2021-051). Neither the authors nor their institutions received payment or services from a third party for any aspect of the submitted work. This cohort study estimates the proportion of persons who became reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in Iceland. Peer reviewed

Mast cells are present in mucosal and connective tissues throughout the body. They participate in the innate and adaptive immune process and have an important role in inflammation and allergy. Mast cells located in the submucosa of the respiratory tract are known to be activated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Once activated, degranulation occurs releasing histamine and proteases. Late mast-cell activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. Vitamin D is required to maintain the stability of mast cells, and Vitamin D deficiency results in mast cell activation.

The COVID-19 epidemic started in the Hubei province in China in December 2019 and then spread around the world reaching the pandemic stage at the beginning of March 2020. Since then, several countries went into lockdown. We estimate the effect of the lockdown in France on the contact rate and the effective reproduction number Re of the COVID-19. We obtain a reduction by a factor 7 (Re=0.47, 95%-CI: 0.45-0.50), compared to the estimates carried out in France at the early stage of the epidemic. We also estimate the fraction of the population that would be infected by the beginning of May, at the official date at which the lockdown should be relaxed. We find a fraction of 3.7% (95%-CI: 3.0-4.8%) of the total French population, without taking into account the number of recovered individuals before April 1st, which is not known. This proportion is seemingly too low to reach herd immunity. Thus, even if the lockdown strongly mitigated the first epidemic wave, keeping a low value of Re is crucial to avoid an uncontrolled second wave (initiated with much more infectious cases than the first wave) and to hence avoid the saturation of hospital facilities. Our approach is based on the mechanistic-statistical formalism, which uses a probabilistic model to connect the data collection process and the latent epidemiological process, which is described by a SIR-type differential equation model.

The following thesis, presented in form of a case study, is about the Lufthansa Group, a successful German airline group, and its strategic decisions to face one of the biggest crisis in history, the COVID-19 crisis. This case study is a suitable analysis tool for strategic development on the topics of strategic alignment, competitive advantage and positioning. Following the COVID-19 crisis, the Lufthansa Group had to implement important adjustments and make quick decisions. Rapid changes in the environment, specifically in competition, demand and consumer behavior, led to the need of fast repositioning to sustain competitive. Several influencing factors had to be considered in each business unit. After the case, further theoretical concepts are presented. These concepts allow a better understanding of how to address the case from a pedagogical perspective and illustrate the typology of the analysis that can be performed. The work also contains a chapter reserved for resolution notes, which constitute the author´s analysis, being also an additional support to instructors. The personal opinion and the limits of the case study are given at the end of the paper.

Alcohol is often used for socialization and by some to cope with difficult emotions. As the rates of anxiety, fear, depression, boredom, and uncertainty became more commonly reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol consumption is reported to have increased as well, despite the closure of licensed premises. However, the impact of the pandemic on alcohol consumption and related harms remains unknown.