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During the last 12 months, COVID-19 became a global problem. Universities and drug companies are working together for the development of treatments. Vaccines appear to be one of the most promising treatments, and trials are completed, and others are ongoing. All these studies tend to use a common comparator, the percentage of vaccine efficacy (VE%), calculated using the following formula VE=(1-RR) x100. A recent study published in a renowned medical journal presented large trial results using a different formula VE=(1-OR) x100. We compared the analysis using relative risk (RR) versus an odds ratio (OR), and we did not find any large difference in the results. Nevertheless, we would advise using RR instead of OR in the interests of accuracy, for best practice.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all facets of human relations on a magnitude not witnessed in the post-World War II era. Due to the interdependence of countries in the international system, it is not surprising that the unfolding public health crisis has had significant ramifications for the functioning of the global economy as well. In responding to this global health crisis, and the associated fallouts, the academic community has a crucial role to play in finding solutions to the hydra-headed problems we all face. Driven by this sense of urgency and responsibility, AfronomicsLaw put out a call for contributions in April 2020 for a symposium issue focusing on COVID-19 and International Economic Law in the Global South. This Symposium will last for a full four weeks. This paper provides a broad summary of the 37 insightful essays accepted for the symposium issue. The essays have been grouped into four major themes: (1) International Trade and International Investment Law and Policy, (2) Intellectual Property, Technology and Agriculture, (3) Sovereign Debt, Finance and Competition Law, and (4) Governance, Rights and Institutions.

This event has been organised in collaboration with Prof R Dubakiene from Vilnius University and Prof I Šauliene from Šauliai Academy of Vilnius University DMUGlobal Allergy Friday: Sessions on International Allergy Research for DMU ABMS BIOM5015 Module Students Presentations and Activities Prepared by Dr R Furmonaviciene in Collaboration with Prof R Dubakiene and Prof I Sauliene from Vilnius University as well as with DMUGlobal and DMULocal Teams Session Activities also included Production of Allergy Information Cards for Local Community as part of ‘Sharing knowledge for re-building communities after the COVID-19 pandemic’ project

Multidimensional poverty data and measurement are key allies in confronting the threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Formulating an effective response to this global crisis requires an understanding of the overlapping deprivations faced by people in the developing world, deprivations that can result in increased vulnerability to COVID-19. The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) provides clear, immediate evidence of these interlinked deprivations, making interventions more effective, high impact, and durable. This briefing uses the global MPI database for 2019, which covers 101 countries and 5.7 billion people in the developing world, to show at a glance some surprising but critical facts for the COVID-19 response.

The outbreak of Covid-19 brought back to the forefront the crucial importance of structural change and productive development for economic resilience to economic shocks. Several recent contributions have already stressed the perverse relation that may exist between productive backwardness and the intensity of the Covid-19 socio-economic crisis. In this paper, we analyze the factors that may have hindered productive development for over four decades before the pandemic. We investigate the role of (non-FDI) net capital inflows as a potential source of premature de-industrialization. We consider a sample of 36 developed and developing countries from 1980 to 2017, with major emphasis on the case of emerging and developing (EDE) economies in the context of increasing financial integration. We show that periods of abundant capital inflows may have caused the significant contraction of manufacturing share to employment and GDP, as well as the decrease of the economic complexity index. We also show that phenomena of “perverse” structural change are significantly more relevant in EDE countries than advanced ones. Based on such evidence, we conclude with some policy suggestions highlighting capital controls and external macroprudential measures taming international capital mobility as useful policy tools for promoting long-run productive development on top of strengthening (short-term) financial and macroeconomic stability.