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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hailey Anderson; Cole D. Gross; Scott X. Chang;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
    Other ORP type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
      Other ORP type . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gillard, Laura C.; Hu, Xianmin; Myers, Paul G.; Ribergaard, Mads Hvid; +1 Authors

    The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the geographic location of the trough, the water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes along the pathway to the trough. This study investigates the spatial pattern and quantity of the warm water (with a temperature greater −1.5◦C) brought to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine-terminating glaciers. Several regional ocean model experiments were used to study regional differences in heat transport through troughs. Results showed that warm water extends north into Baffin Bay, reaching as far north as the Melville Bay troughs. Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. From 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae’s floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. The seasonality of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the Irminger Sea. Ocean temperatures near the northwestern coast and southeastern coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high-frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs transported ∼ 20 % more heat towards the coast. Fewer storms resulted in a doubling of onshore heat through Helheim Glacier’s trough. These results demonstrate the regional variability of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Harrap, R.M.; Hutchinson, D.J.; Sala, Z.; Ondercin, M.; +1 Authors

    We employ a game engine – Unity – to create a rockfall simulation that integrates high resolution slope data from LiDAR scanning and photogrammetry, simulates hundreds of rocks moving on a slope, and provides outputs relevant to geological engineering decision support. This approach, in contrast to existing rockfall simulation tools that are specific to limited slope types, is general, extensible, and robust. The use of a game engine as a simulator for surface geological processes represents a novel approach to geocomputation that leverages the physics simulation capability of games and the powerful terrain representation and visualization capabilities of 3D game engines.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-y71...
    Other ORP type . 2019
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-y71...
      Other ORP type . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hayashida, Haskase; Christian, James R.; Holdsworth, Amber M.; Hu, Xianmin; +6 Authors

    Process-based numerical models are a useful tool for studying marine ecosystems and associated biogeochemical processes in ice-covered regions where observations are scarce. To this end, CSIB v1 (Canadian Sea-ice Biogeochemistry version 1), a new sea-ice biogeochemical model, has been developed and embedded into the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) modelling system. This model consists of a three-compartment (ice algae, nitrate, and ammonium) sea-ice ecosystem and a two-compartment (dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide) sea-ice sulfur cycle which are coupled to pelagic ecosystem and sulfur-cycle models at the sea-ice–ocean interface. In addition to biological and chemical sources and sinks, the model simulates the horizontal transport of biogeochemical state variables within sea ice through a one-way coupling to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model (LIM2; the Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model version 2). The model results for 1979 (after a decadal spin-up) are presented and compared to observations and previous model studies for a brief discussion on the model performance. Furthermore, this paper provides discussion on technical aspects of implementing the sea-ice biogeochemistry and assesses the model sensitivity to (1) the temporal resolution of the snowfall forcing data, (2) the representation of light penetration through snow, (3) the horizontal transport of sea-ice biogeochemical state variables, and (4) light attenuation by ice algae. The sea-ice biogeochemical model has been developed within the generic framework of NEMO to facilitate its use within different configurations and domains, and can be adapted for use with other NEMO-based sub-models such as LIM3 (the Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model version 3) and PISCES (Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bamburak, Kimberley;

    This practicum examines the feasibility of cold-climate viticulture in southern Manitoba in light of ongoing climate change and establishes principles for sustainable viticulture appropriate to Manitoba’s geological conditions. As the climate continues to change, drastic changes will begin to occur within the wine industry. Regions that are currently suitable for production are likely to be subject to higher temperatures, more erratic precipitation and harsher weather. An opportunity exists within the Mowbray Plateau located in the Pembina River Valley, to establish a new type of agriculture in the Prairies—one that can grow and adapt as the climate changes. Prairie viticulture is feasible if done appropriately, utilizing sustainable landscape strategies such as planned cover crops, creating smaller microclimates, and planting according to terroir. These strategies can evolve alongside climate and microclimatic-specific research. This practicum demonstrates through case studies of existing cold-climate grape growers, and by research and design, that the Prairies could provide a healthy future for sustainable viticulture.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MSpace at the Univer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hu, Xianmin; Sun, Jingfan; Chan, Ting On; Myers, Paul G.;

    Sea ice thickness evolution within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is of great interest to science, as well as local communities and their economy. In this study, based on the NEMO numerical framework including the LIM2 sea ice module, simulations at both 1/4 and 1/12◦ horizontal resolution were conducted from 2002 to 2016. The model captures well the general spatial distribution of ice thickness in the CAA region, with very thick sea ice (∼ 4 m and thicker) in the northern CAA, thick sea ice (2.5 to 3 m) in the west-central Parry Channel and M’Clintock Channel, and thin (< 2 m) ice (in winter months) on the east side of CAA (e.g., eastern Parry Channel, Baffin Island coast) and in the channels in southern areas. Even though the configurations still have resolution limitations in resolving the exact observation sites, simulated ice thickness compares reasonably (seasonal cycle and amplitudes) with weekly Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) New Ice Thickness Program data at first-year landfast ice sites except at the northern sites with high concentration of old ice. At 1/4 to 1/12◦ scale, model resolution does not play a significant role in the sea ice simulation except to improve local dynamics because of better coastline representation. Sea ice growth is decomposed into thermodynamic and dynamic (including all non-thermodynamic processes in the model) contributions to study the ice thickness evolution. Relatively smaller thermodynamic contribution to ice growth between December and the following April is found in the thick and very thick ice regions, with larger contributions in the thin ice-covered region. No significant trend in winter maximum ice volume is found in the northern CAA and Baffin Bay while a decline (r2 ≈ 0.6, p < 0.01) is simulated in Parry Channel region. The two main contributors (thermodynamic growth and lateral transport) have high interannual variabilities which largely balance each other, so that maximum ice volume can vary interannually by ±12 % in the northern CAA, ±15 % in Parry Channel, and ±9 % in Baffin Bay. Further quantitative evaluation is required.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Education and Resear...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: From, Richard Eric;

    Eastern Hall Peninsula on southeastern Baffin Island, lies at the junction of a complex Paleoproterozoic collision between the Rae craton, Meta Incognita microcontinent and the North Atlantic craton from ca. 1.88 to 1.80 Ga. The original configuration of these cratons is not well understood because eastern Hall Peninsula, which lies at the triple junction between these plates, lacks detailed geoscience mapping and geochemical data. Consequently, detailed mapping was conducted in eastern Hall Peninsula and zircons separated from selected samples were analyzed for U-Pb and Lu- Hf isotopes. Magmatic zircons yielded U-Pb crystallization ages between ca. 2976 to 2720 Ma and metamorphic zircons record tectonothermal disturbances between ca. 2740 to 2700 Ma, a period coinciding with metamorphism documented in adjacent crustal blocks. Magmatic rocks older than ca. 2740 Ma yielded positive εHf(t) and consistent model ages of ca. 3.1 to 3.0 Ga, indicating the time that protolith melt was extracted from the mantle. The oldest, granodioritic crust crystallized at ca. 2976 Ma and was then reworked periodically at ca. 2.93, 2.84-2.81 and 2.77-2.69 Ma, forming other rock units. Two rock units younger than ca. 2740 Ma yielded negative εHf(t) model ages of ca. 3.4 and 3.3 Ga respectively, indicating derivation from an older crustal source yet to be identified in outcrop on Hall Peninsula. Zircons from a suite of relatively undeformed magnetite-bearing granites yielded UPb magmatic ages between ca. 2750 to 2612 Ma. Sm-Nd data from these granites outline a spatial trend across eastern Hall Peninsula with negative εNd(t) in the west becoming more positive εNd(t) to the east. This trend outlines an increase of crustal reworking and recycling in the west compared with more mantle-derived, juvenile crust towards the east, delineating a boundary between Paleoproterozoic rocks of Meta Incognita microcontinent and Archean rocks of eastern Hall Peninsula. Synthesizing all data we propose a new regional correlation model that incorporates previous models and other recent studies. This new model groups eastern Hall Peninsula, southern Cumberland Peninsula and southern Aasiaat domain into a “core zone” that shared a geologic history prior to 1.90 Ga and potentially prior to 2.75 Ga.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Genovese, Cristina;
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Canada Research
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: Canada Research
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Canada Researcharrow_drop_down
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      Canada Research
      Other ORP type . 2017
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    Authors: McKenzie-Picot, Sarah;
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    Canada Research
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: Canada Research
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Canada Researcharrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Canada Research
      Other ORP type . 2017
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    Authors: Pries, Phillip;

    Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. From 2005 to 2010, approximately 7,000 Manitobans aged 14-18 years were diagnosed with a concussion. About half of all pediatric concussions occur during sport and our work shows that hockey is the most common sport resulting in a concussion among youth. OBJECTIVE - The overall objective of this study is to follow longitudinally two Winnipeg youth hockey teams to perform a comprehensive assessment of neurological, physiological, neuro-imaging, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning and measure these parameters before and after one hockey season and follow the two teams for a second season. We will examine these parameters among players who do and not sustain a concussion while playing hockey. INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM - To accomplish our objectives, we will work within our recently established multi-disciplinary team of concussion researchers (CNCN). Our team includes a neurosurgeon who will treat all of the athletes (Dr Michael Ellis), a neuroanesthetist (Dr Alan Mutch) to conduct the MRI CO2 brain stress test, an exercise physiologist (Dean Cordingley) to conduct graded treadmill testing with an athletic therapist (Richard Girardin), a neuropsychologist (Dr Lesley Ritchie) to perform neuropsychological testing, and a sport injury epidemiologist (Dr Kelly Russell) who will provide methodological and statistical expertise. Additionally, we employ two research assistants.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hailey Anderson; Cole D. Gross; Scott X. Chang;
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
    Other ORP type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-xss...
      Other ORP type . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gillard, Laura C.; Hu, Xianmin; Myers, Paul G.; Ribergaard, Mads Hvid; +1 Authors

    The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the geographic location of the trough, the water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes along the pathway to the trough. This study investigates the spatial pattern and quantity of the warm water (with a temperature greater −1.5◦C) brought to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine-terminating glaciers. Several regional ocean model experiments were used to study regional differences in heat transport through troughs. Results showed that warm water extends north into Baffin Bay, reaching as far north as the Melville Bay troughs. Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. From 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae’s floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. The seasonality of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the Irminger Sea. Ocean temperatures near the northwestern coast and southeastern coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high-frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs transported ∼ 20 % more heat towards the coast. Fewer storms resulted in a doubling of onshore heat through Helheim Glacier’s trough. These results demonstrate the regional variability of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS.

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    Authors: Harrap, R.M.; Hutchinson, D.J.; Sala, Z.; Ondercin, M.; +1 Authors

    We employ a game engine – Unity – to create a rockfall simulation that integrates high resolution slope data from LiDAR scanning and photogrammetry, simulates hundreds of rocks moving on a slope, and provides outputs relevant to geological engineering decision support. This approach, in contrast to existing rockfall simulation tools that are specific to limited slope types, is general, extensible, and robust. The use of a game engine as a simulator for surface geological processes represents a novel approach to geocomputation that leverages the physics simulation capability of games and the powerful terrain representation and visualization capabilities of 3D game engines.

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    https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-y71...
    Other ORP type . 2019
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-y71...
      Other ORP type . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hayashida, Haskase; Christian, James R.; Holdsworth, Amber M.; Hu, Xianmin; +6 Authors

    Process-based numerical models are a useful tool for studying marine ecosystems and associated biogeochemical processes in ice-covered regions where observations are scarce. To this end, CSIB v1 (Canadian Sea-ice Biogeochemistry version 1), a new sea-ice biogeochemical model, has been developed and embedded into the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) modelling system. This model consists of a three-compartment (ice algae, nitrate, and ammonium) sea-ice ecosystem and a two-compartment (dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide) sea-ice sulfur cycle which are coupled to pelagic ecosystem and sulfur-cycle models at the sea-ice–ocean interface. In addition to biological and chemical sources and sinks, the model simulates the horizontal transport of biogeochemical state variables within sea ice through a one-way coupling to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model (LIM2; the Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model version 2). The model results for 1979 (after a decadal spin-up) are presented and compared to observations and previous model studies for a brief discussion on the model performance. Furthermore, this paper provides discussion on technical aspects of implementing the sea-ice biogeochemistry and assesses the model sensitivity to (1) the temporal resolution of the snowfall forcing data, (2) the representation of light penetration through snow, (3) the horizontal transport of sea-ice biogeochemical state variables, and (4) light attenuation by ice algae. The sea-ice biogeochemical model has been developed within the generic framework of NEMO to facilitate its use within different configurations and domains, and can be adapted for use with other NEMO-based sub-models such as LIM3 (the Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model version 3) and PISCES (Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies).

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    Authors: Bamburak, Kimberley;

    This practicum examines the feasibility of cold-climate viticulture in southern Manitoba in light of ongoing climate change and establishes principles for sustainable viticulture appropriate to Manitoba’s geological conditions. As the climate continues to change, drastic changes will begin to occur within the wine industry. Regions that are currently suitable for production are likely to be subject to higher temperatures, more erratic precipitation and harsher weather. An opportunity exists within the Mowbray Plateau located in the Pembina River Valley, to establish a new type of agriculture in the Prairies—one that can grow and adapt as the climate changes. Prairie viticulture is feasible if done appropriately, utilizing sustainable landscape strategies such as planned cover crops, creating smaller microclimates, and planting according to terroir. These strategies can evolve alongside climate and microclimatic-specific research. This practicum demonstrates through case studies of existing cold-climate grape growers, and by research and design, that the Prairies could provide a healthy future for sustainable viticulture.

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    Authors: Hu, Xianmin; Sun, Jingfan; Chan, Ting On; Myers, Paul G.;

    Sea ice thickness evolution within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is of great interest to science, as well as local communities and their economy. In this study, based on the NEMO numerical framework including the LIM2 sea ice module, simulations at both 1/4 and 1/12◦ horizontal resolution were conducted from 2002 to 2016. The model captures well the general spatial distribution of ice thickness in the CAA region, with very thick sea ice (∼ 4 m and thicker) in the northern CAA, thick sea ice (2.5 to 3 m) in the west-central Parry Channel and M’Clintock Channel, and thin (< 2 m) ice (in winter months) on the east side of CAA (e.g., eastern Parry Channel, Baffin Island coast) and in the channels in southern areas. Even though the configurations still have resolution limitations in resolving the exact observation sites, simulated ice thickness compares reasonably (seasonal cycle and amplitudes) with weekly Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) New Ice Thickness Program data at first-year landfast ice sites except at the northern sites with high concentration of old ice. At 1/4 to 1/12◦ scale, model resolution does not play a significant role in the sea ice simulation except to improve local dynamics because of better coastline representation. Sea ice growth is decomposed into thermodynamic and dynamic (including all non-thermodynamic processes in the model) contributions to study the ice thickness evolution. Relatively smaller thermodynamic contribution to ice growth between December and the following April is found in the thick and very thick ice regions, with larger contributions in the thin ice-covered region. No significant trend in winter maximum ice volume is found in the northern CAA and Baffin Bay while a decline (r2 ≈ 0.6, p < 0.01) is simulated in Parry Channel region. The two main contributors (thermodynamic growth and lateral transport) have high interannual variabilities which largely balance each other, so that maximum ice volume can vary interannually by ±12 % in the northern CAA, ±15 % in Parry Channel, and ±9 % in Baffin Bay. Further quantitative evaluation is required.

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    Authors: From, Richard Eric;

    Eastern Hall Peninsula on southeastern Baffin Island, lies at the junction of a complex Paleoproterozoic collision between the Rae craton, Meta Incognita microcontinent and the North Atlantic craton from ca. 1.88 to 1.80 Ga. The original configuration of these cratons is not well understood because eastern Hall Peninsula, which lies at the triple junction between these plates, lacks detailed geoscience mapping and geochemical data. Consequently, detailed mapping was conducted in eastern Hall Peninsula and zircons separated from selected samples were analyzed for U-Pb and Lu- Hf isotopes. Magmatic zircons yielded U-Pb crystallization ages between ca. 2976 to 2720 Ma and metamorphic zircons record tectonothermal disturbances between ca. 2740 to 2700 Ma, a period coinciding with metamorphism documented in adjacent crustal blocks. Magmatic rocks older than ca. 2740 Ma yielded positive εHf(t) and consistent model ages of ca. 3.1 to 3.0 Ga, indicating the time that protolith melt was extracted from the mantle. The oldest, granodioritic crust crystallized at ca. 2976 Ma and was then reworked periodically at ca. 2.93, 2.84-2.81 and 2.77-2.69 Ma, forming other rock units. Two rock units younger than ca. 2740 Ma yielded negative εHf(t) model ages of ca. 3.4 and 3.3 Ga respectively, indicating derivation from an older crustal source yet to be identified in outcrop on Hall Peninsula. Zircons from a suite of relatively undeformed magnetite-bearing granites yielded UPb magmatic ages between ca. 2750 to 2612 Ma. Sm-Nd data from these granites outline a spatial trend across eastern Hall Peninsula with negative εNd(t) in the west becoming more positive εNd(t) to the east. This trend outlines an increase of crustal reworking and recycling in the west compared with more mantle-derived, juvenile crust towards the east, delineating a boundary between Paleoproterozoic rocks of Meta Incognita microcontinent and Archean rocks of eastern Hall Peninsula. Synthesizing all data we propose a new regional correlation model that incorporates previous models and other recent studies. This new model groups eastern Hall Peninsula, southern Cumberland Peninsula and southern Aasiaat domain into a “core zone” that shared a geologic history prior to 1.90 Ga and potentially prior to 2.75 Ga.

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    Authors: Genovese, Cristina;
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Canada Researcharrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: McKenzie-Picot, Sarah;
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Canada Researcharrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Pries, Phillip;

    Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. From 2005 to 2010, approximately 7,000 Manitobans aged 14-18 years were diagnosed with a concussion. About half of all pediatric concussions occur during sport and our work shows that hockey is the most common sport resulting in a concussion among youth. OBJECTIVE - The overall objective of this study is to follow longitudinally two Winnipeg youth hockey teams to perform a comprehensive assessment of neurological, physiological, neuro-imaging, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning and measure these parameters before and after one hockey season and follow the two teams for a second season. We will examine these parameters among players who do and not sustain a concussion while playing hockey. INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM - To accomplish our objectives, we will work within our recently established multi-disciplinary team of concussion researchers (CNCN). Our team includes a neurosurgeon who will treat all of the athletes (Dr Michael Ellis), a neuroanesthetist (Dr Alan Mutch) to conduct the MRI CO2 brain stress test, an exercise physiologist (Dean Cordingley) to conduct graded treadmill testing with an athletic therapist (Richard Girardin), a neuropsychologist (Dr Lesley Ritchie) to perform neuropsychological testing, and a sport injury epidemiologist (Dr Kelly Russell) who will provide methodological and statistical expertise. Additionally, we employ two research assistants.

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