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  • COVID-19
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Manavgat, Gökçe; Audibert, Martine;

    The Covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the resilience of health systems. The aim of this study is twofold: i) to measure and compare the resilience of health system efficiency of OECD countries before and during Covid-19 and ii) to determine the healthcare efficiency drivers (e.g., socioeconomic) of health system performance. Using a dataset of 31 OECD countries for 2018 and 2020, we first estimate bias-adjusted efficiency scores, followed by a double bootstrap truncated regression procedure to study the drivers associated with health system efficiency. We find that the health system efficiency overall score decreased among OECD countries during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to before Covid-19. Estonia and Japan retained their full efficiency scoreduring Covid-19. We find a negative association between health system efficiency and unemployment rate, share of health expenditure in GDP, and share of population over 65. Conversely, high vaccination rates contribute positively to health system efficiency during the Covid-19 period. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmh...
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmh...
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Corinne Rochette; Laurent Mériade; François Cassière;

    Background: COVID-19's emergence questions the agility of health policy deployment in a context of urgency. This exceptional pandemic offers a unique Implementation Science study opportunity. It reveals how actors adapt, coordinate, and mitigate an unknown global threat to safeguard populations from an initially mysterious virus. Limited research has explored how involved players act and adapt their practices to fulfil health protection missions during a global health crisis. Bridging the gap between public policy expectations and achievements requires a methodology for stakeholder identification and implementation practice description. Objective: Focusing on COVID-19 management in France's second-largest region, we investigate ministerial recommendation implementation and the emergence of new links, coordination modes, and practices. Methods: Due to the novel subject, we adopted grounded theory. Initial documentary data collection identifies stakeholders for subsequent interviews. Open-ended coding of collected discourse enables content analysis. Results: Findings reveal a crisis-driven re-evaluation of stakeholder relationships. This research identifies three levels of implementation of health policies at the local level (administrative, organizational and operational) and reveals different types of coordination specific to each of these levels. Our results provide insights on how to better coordinate and implement healthcare policies in a period of crisis. Recommendations include real-life simulations of large-scale crises. Conclusion: Our work establishes a methodological foundation for analyzing coordination dynamics. Future research could compare these findings with other unpredictable health emergencies, such as episiotomic veterinary health crises.  The first step of the method is to analyse the guidelines of health policy implementation during the Covid-19 crisis and to identify the main stakeholders in charge of the local health policy implementation.  The second step consists of interviewing these stakeholders using a co-constructed sample and structural coding of their speech to reveal the forms of coordination between stakeholders. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MethodsXarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MethodsX
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MethodsX
    Article . 2023
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MethodsXarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MethodsX
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jessica S M Gable; Romy Sauvayre; Cédric Chauvière;

    Background: To contain and curb the spread of COVID-19, the governments of countries around the world have used different strategies (lockdown, mandatory vaccination, immunity passports, voluntary social distancing, etc).Objective: This study aims to examine the reactions produced by the public announcement of a binding political decision presented by the president of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, on July 12, 2021, which imposed vaccination on caregivers and an immunity passport on all French people to access restaurants, cinemas, bars, and so forth.Methods: To measure these announcement reactions, 901,908 unique tweets posted on Twitter (Twitter Inc) between July 12 and August 11, 2021, were extracted. A neural network was constructed to examine the arguments of the tweets and to identify the types of arguments used by Twitter users.Results: This study shows that in the debate about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports, mostly “con” arguments (399,803/847,725, 47%; χ26=952.8; P<.001) and “scientific” arguments (317,156/803,583, 39%; χ26=5006.8; P<.001) were used.Conclusions:This study shows that during July and August 2021, social events permeating the public sphere and discussions about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports collided on Twitter. Moreover, a political decision based on scientific arguments led citizens to challenge it using pseudoscientific arguments contesting the effectiveness of vaccination and the validity of these political decisions International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Medical Internet Research
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Medical Internet Research
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Metretin, Pauline;

    CONTEXTE : en France lorsque le patient n’est pas en mesure d’exprimer sa volonté la décision de limitation et d’arrêt des thérapeutiques actives (LATA) est prise selon une procédure collégiale décrite par la loi. Notre étude avait pour but d’évaluer l’impact de la pandémie Covid-19 sur le respect des conditions de réalisation de cette procédure décisionnelle LATA.MÉTHODE : cette étude rétrospective observationnelle multicentrique a comparé le taux de non-respect des procédures décisionnelles LATA pendant la période pandémique de mars à juin 2020 avec la période contrôle de mars à juin 2019, dans les Hôpitaux de Clermont-Ferrand et de Lyon. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de déterminer les facteurs associés au non-respect.RÉSULTATS : chez 430 patients décédés inclus (176 en 2019 et 254 en 2020), le taux de non-respect était de 61,4 % en 2019 et de 59,1 % en 2020 (p = 0,63). En analyse multivariée, le non-respect était associé à la comorbidité immunodépression (diminution de l’immunité par un traitement ou une pathologie) (p = 0,01), mais il était plus faible lorsque le patient avait été hospitalisé en réanimation (p = 0,001) ou lorsqu’il avait eu la visite de proches (p = 0,01).CONCLUSION : en France, plus de la moitié des décisions de LATA ne sont pas conformes à la loi. La pandémie COVID-19 n’a pas augmenté ce taux de non-conformité. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents au non-respect de la procédure décisionnelle des LATA.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Julien Guillaumond; Vanessa Boullet;

    Le 11 mars 2020, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé a informé le monde entier que le Covid-19 avait atteint le stade de pandémie et était difficilement contrôlable. A la suite de cette annonce, les pays du monde entier ont décidé de fermer leurs propres frontières et de mettre en œuvre des politiques de confinement afin de prévenir la propagation du coronavirus et de protéger la vie de leurs citoyens au moment où le nombre de décès augmentait. Au niveau européen, une forme tardive de coopération s’est mise en place lorsque les pays de l’UE ont décidé d’adopter une démarche collective en commandant ensemble des vaccins. En mars 2020, la République d’Irlande et l’Irlande du Nord sont entrées à leur tour en confinement. Bien que la frontière soit devenue un sujet controversé depuis le Brexit, elle est restée ouverte pendant les confinements. Après deux décennies et demie de violence, l’accord du Vendredi Saint (GFA) de 1998 avait ouvert une nouvelle ère de paix et placé la coopération au cœur des relations Nord-Sud. Vingt-cinq ans après la signature de cet accord, cet article s’interroge sur l’étendue de la coopération transfrontalière entre les deux parties de l’Irlande dans les domaines de la santé et du travail pendant la pandémie. Même si le GFA a permis une collaboration fructueuse depuis le début des années 2000 (par exemple dans l’accès à des services de radiothérapie et d’urgence transfrontaliers), cet article souligne un manque de coopération pendant la pandémie. Il met également en lumière la situation des travailleurs transfrontaliers et la nécessité de poursuivre les discussions sur leur futur statut dans un marché du travail post-Covid marqué par l'essor du télétravail. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation warned its members and the world that Covid-19 had reached pandemic status and could not be controlled. As a consequence, countries across the world decided to seal off their own borders and implement various lockdown policies to avoid the spread of coronavirus, and protect the lives of their own citizens as death tolls rose. Across Europe, some form of late cooperation came when EU countries decided to play collectively when they bought vaccines together. In March 2020, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland entered lockdowns, mirroring actions in other countries. Though the border had become a contentious issue since Brexit, it remained open during this period. Following two decades of violence, the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) in 1998 had opened a new era of peace, and placed cooperation at the core of North-South relationships. Twenty-five years after the Agreement was signed, this article questions the extent of cross-border cooperation in health and work between both parts of Ireland at the time of COVID. Even though the GFA has led to some fruitful collaboration since the early 2000s (e.g. cross border radiotherapy and emergency services), the findings point to a lack of cooperation in health during the pandemic. It also highlights the situation of cross-border workers and the need for further discussions on their future status in a post-Covid labour market marked by the rise of tele-working practices.Haut de pageENTRÉES D’INDEX https://journals-openedition-org.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/rfcb/11048 International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revue Française de C...arrow_drop_down
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    Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    OpenEdition
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revue Française de C...arrow_drop_down
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      Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      OpenEdition
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Eboué, Chicot; Villieu, Patrick;

    L’introduction générale au numéro spécial de la RFE, revient sur les grands enjeux liés à la soutenabilité de la dette publique d’une part, et à l’identification d’une combinaison optimale entre politique budgétaire et politique monétaire, d’autre part. À cette occasion, les conditions nécessaires à la soutenabilité de la dette publique sont évoquées, aussi bien pour les pays riches que pour les pays pauvres d’Afrique. La « borne inférieure de taux d’intérêt », qui a prévalu de 2009 à 2020, ayant conduit à la dominance budgétaire, est à l’origine de l’assignation de la politique monétaire à l’objectif intermédiaire de l’endettement public. Il en est résulté une tolérance inflationniste plus grande à partir de 2021, suite aux crises imprévisibles de la Covid-19 et la guerre russoukrainienne. Il en découle la nécessité de redéployer les dispositifs des politiques budgétaire et monétaire, afin d’éviter d’étouffer la croissance, tout en combattant l’inflation. Cette introduction examine les différentes options possibles, dont les réformes des règles budgétaires, le verdissement de la politique monétaire et la coordination budgétaire verticale. Successivement, la contribution des auteurs à ce numéro spécial est évaluée. International audience

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    Revue française d économie
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Revue française d économie
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ambec, Stefan; Crampes, Claude; Tirole, Jean;

    Fighting against global warming requires electrifying energy uses and giving up on carbon-based power. Consequently, the organization of electricity production and transmission must not only promote short-term efficiency in dispatch, but also send out reliable signals to guide investment by producers and consumers; and this under normal macroeconomic conditions as well as in the face of unforeseen events, such as Covid 19 and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. To meet these challenges, the European authorities and the EU member states are negotiating the introduction of long-term physical and financial contracts that will complement wholesale electricity markets. This note compares the costs and benefits of these contracts and emphasizes the assignment of risks among stakeholders.

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    Authors: Nourddine Azzaoui; Tomoko Matsui; Daisuke Murakami;

    We have devised a data-driven framework for uncovering hidden control strategies used by an evolutionary system described by an evolutionary probability distribution. This innovative framework enables deciphering of the concealed mechanisms that contribute to the progression or mitigation of such situations as the spread of COVID-19. Novel algorithms are used to estimate the optimal control in tandem with the parameters for evolution in general dynamical systems, thereby extending the concept of model predictive control. This is a significant departure from conventional control methods, which require knowledge of the system to manipulate its evolution and of the controller's strategy or parameters. We used a generalized additive model, supplemented by extensive statistical testing, to identify a set of predictor covariates closely linked to the control. Using real-world COVID-19 data, we successfully delineated the descriptive behaviors of the COVID-19 epidemics in five prefectures in Japan and nine countries. We compared these nine countries and grouped them on the basis of shared profiles, providing valuable insights into their pandemic responses. Our findings underscore the potential of our framework as a powerful tool for understanding and managing complex evolutionary processes. International audience

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    Mathematical and Computational Applications
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      Mathematical and Computational Applications
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Dounot, Cyrille;

    La situation sanitaire liée à l'épidémie de covid-19 a conduit les gouvernants à employer des techniques de surveillance et de gestion des populations inédites et fortement restrictives des libertés publiques. Le droit a été mis au service de ce contrôle social en instaurant et justifiant ces usages. Dorénavant, l’exécutif dispose de puissants moyens de contrôle des comportements et des déplacements, et même de l’information. Juridiquement, les mesures d’exceptions validées au nom de la lutte contre une épidémie ont posé les fondements, en même temps, d’une dictature sanitaire et d’une société disciplinaire, c'est-à-dire d'une exorbitance des pouvoirs attribués à l’exécutif lors d’une période de crise (qui se manifeste tant par un régime d’exception que par son anormalité d’exercice), soutenue par un contrôle uniforme et centralisé, révélateur d’un traitement bureaucratique de la crise sanitaire (qui passe par une surveillance généralisée et manifeste une tentation totalitaire).

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    Authors: Hofman, P; Calabrese, F; Kern, I; Adam, J; +92 Authors

    Background: Testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is an essential recommendation in guidelines for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, and is considered mandatory in European countries. However, in practice, challenges are often faced when carrying out routine biomarker testing, including access to testing, inadequate tissue samples and long turnaround times (TATs).Materials and methods: To evaluate the real-world EGFR testing practices of European pathology laboratories, an online survey was set up and validated by the Pulmonary Pathology Working Group of the European Society of Pathology and distributed to 64 expert testing laboratories. The retrospective survey focussed on laboratory organisation and daily EGFR testing practice of pathologists and molecular biologists between 2018 and 2021.Results: TATs varied greatly both between and within countries. These discrepancies may be partly due to reflex testing practices, as 20.8% of laboratories carried out EGFR testing only at the request of the clinician. Many laboratories across Europe still favour single-test sequencing as a primary method of EGFR mutation identification; 32.7% indicated that they only used targeted techniques and 45.1% used single-gene testing followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), depending on the case. Reported testing rates were consistent over time with no significant decrease in the number of EGFR tests carried out in 2020, despite the increased pressure faced by testing facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. ISO 15189 accreditation was reported by 42.0% of molecular biology laboratories for single-test sequencing, and by 42.3% for NGS. 92.5% of laboratories indicated they regularly participate in an external quality assessment scheme.Conclusions: These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of EGFR testing that still occurs within thoracic pathology and molecular biology laboratories across Europe. Even among expert testing facilities there is variability in testing capabilities, TAT, reflex testing practice and laboratory accreditation, stressing the need to harmonise reimbursement technologies and decision-making algorithms in Europe.

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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    ESMO Open
    Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Manavgat, Gökçe; Audibert, Martine;

    The Covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the resilience of health systems. The aim of this study is twofold: i) to measure and compare the resilience of health system efficiency of OECD countries before and during Covid-19 and ii) to determine the healthcare efficiency drivers (e.g., socioeconomic) of health system performance. Using a dataset of 31 OECD countries for 2018 and 2020, we first estimate bias-adjusted efficiency scores, followed by a double bootstrap truncated regression procedure to study the drivers associated with health system efficiency. We find that the health system efficiency overall score decreased among OECD countries during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to before Covid-19. Estonia and Japan retained their full efficiency scoreduring Covid-19. We find a negative association between health system efficiency and unemployment rate, share of health expenditure in GDP, and share of population over 65. Conversely, high vaccination rates contribute positively to health system efficiency during the Covid-19 period. International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmh...
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmh...
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    Authors: Corinne Rochette; Laurent Mériade; François Cassière;

    Background: COVID-19's emergence questions the agility of health policy deployment in a context of urgency. This exceptional pandemic offers a unique Implementation Science study opportunity. It reveals how actors adapt, coordinate, and mitigate an unknown global threat to safeguard populations from an initially mysterious virus. Limited research has explored how involved players act and adapt their practices to fulfil health protection missions during a global health crisis. Bridging the gap between public policy expectations and achievements requires a methodology for stakeholder identification and implementation practice description. Objective: Focusing on COVID-19 management in France's second-largest region, we investigate ministerial recommendation implementation and the emergence of new links, coordination modes, and practices. Methods: Due to the novel subject, we adopted grounded theory. Initial documentary data collection identifies stakeholders for subsequent interviews. Open-ended coding of collected discourse enables content analysis. Results: Findings reveal a crisis-driven re-evaluation of stakeholder relationships. This research identifies three levels of implementation of health policies at the local level (administrative, organizational and operational) and reveals different types of coordination specific to each of these levels. Our results provide insights on how to better coordinate and implement healthcare policies in a period of crisis. Recommendations include real-life simulations of large-scale crises. Conclusion: Our work establishes a methodological foundation for analyzing coordination dynamics. Future research could compare these findings with other unpredictable health emergencies, such as episiotomic veterinary health crises.  The first step of the method is to analyse the guidelines of health policy implementation during the Covid-19 crisis and to identify the main stakeholders in charge of the local health policy implementation.  The second step consists of interviewing these stakeholders using a co-constructed sample and structural coding of their speech to reveal the forms of coordination between stakeholders. International audience

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    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Jessica S M Gable; Romy Sauvayre; Cédric Chauvière;

    Background: To contain and curb the spread of COVID-19, the governments of countries around the world have used different strategies (lockdown, mandatory vaccination, immunity passports, voluntary social distancing, etc).Objective: This study aims to examine the reactions produced by the public announcement of a binding political decision presented by the president of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, on July 12, 2021, which imposed vaccination on caregivers and an immunity passport on all French people to access restaurants, cinemas, bars, and so forth.Methods: To measure these announcement reactions, 901,908 unique tweets posted on Twitter (Twitter Inc) between July 12 and August 11, 2021, were extracted. A neural network was constructed to examine the arguments of the tweets and to identify the types of arguments used by Twitter users.Results: This study shows that in the debate about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports, mostly “con” arguments (399,803/847,725, 47%; χ26=952.8; P<.001) and “scientific” arguments (317,156/803,583, 39%; χ26=5006.8; P<.001) were used.Conclusions:This study shows that during July and August 2021, social events permeating the public sphere and discussions about mandatory vaccination and immunity passports collided on Twitter. Moreover, a political decision based on scientific arguments led citizens to challenge it using pseudoscientific arguments contesting the effectiveness of vaccination and the validity of these political decisions International audience

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    Journal of Medical Internet Research
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Medical Internet Research
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Metretin, Pauline;

    CONTEXTE : en France lorsque le patient n’est pas en mesure d’exprimer sa volonté la décision de limitation et d’arrêt des thérapeutiques actives (LATA) est prise selon une procédure collégiale décrite par la loi. Notre étude avait pour but d’évaluer l’impact de la pandémie Covid-19 sur le respect des conditions de réalisation de cette procédure décisionnelle LATA.MÉTHODE : cette étude rétrospective observationnelle multicentrique a comparé le taux de non-respect des procédures décisionnelles LATA pendant la période pandémique de mars à juin 2020 avec la période contrôle de mars à juin 2019, dans les Hôpitaux de Clermont-Ferrand et de Lyon. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de déterminer les facteurs associés au non-respect.RÉSULTATS : chez 430 patients décédés inclus (176 en 2019 et 254 en 2020), le taux de non-respect était de 61,4 % en 2019 et de 59,1 % en 2020 (p = 0,63). En analyse multivariée, le non-respect était associé à la comorbidité immunodépression (diminution de l’immunité par un traitement ou une pathologie) (p = 0,01), mais il était plus faible lorsque le patient avait été hospitalisé en réanimation (p = 0,001) ou lorsqu’il avait eu la visite de proches (p = 0,01).CONCLUSION : en France, plus de la moitié des décisions de LATA ne sont pas conformes à la loi. La pandémie COVID-19 n’a pas augmenté ce taux de non-conformité. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents au non-respect de la procédure décisionnelle des LATA.

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    Authors: Julien Guillaumond; Vanessa Boullet;

    Le 11 mars 2020, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé a informé le monde entier que le Covid-19 avait atteint le stade de pandémie et était difficilement contrôlable. A la suite de cette annonce, les pays du monde entier ont décidé de fermer leurs propres frontières et de mettre en œuvre des politiques de confinement afin de prévenir la propagation du coronavirus et de protéger la vie de leurs citoyens au moment où le nombre de décès augmentait. Au niveau européen, une forme tardive de coopération s’est mise en place lorsque les pays de l’UE ont décidé d’adopter une démarche collective en commandant ensemble des vaccins. En mars 2020, la République d’Irlande et l’Irlande du Nord sont entrées à leur tour en confinement. Bien que la frontière soit devenue un sujet controversé depuis le Brexit, elle est restée ouverte pendant les confinements. Après deux décennies et demie de violence, l’accord du Vendredi Saint (GFA) de 1998 avait ouvert une nouvelle ère de paix et placé la coopération au cœur des relations Nord-Sud. Vingt-cinq ans après la signature de cet accord, cet article s’interroge sur l’étendue de la coopération transfrontalière entre les deux parties de l’Irlande dans les domaines de la santé et du travail pendant la pandémie. Même si le GFA a permis une collaboration fructueuse depuis le début des années 2000 (par exemple dans l’accès à des services de radiothérapie et d’urgence transfrontaliers), cet article souligne un manque de coopération pendant la pandémie. Il met également en lumière la situation des travailleurs transfrontaliers et la nécessité de poursuivre les discussions sur leur futur statut dans un marché du travail post-Covid marqué par l'essor du télétravail. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation warned its members and the world that Covid-19 had reached pandemic status and could not be controlled. As a consequence, countries across the world decided to seal off their own borders and implement various lockdown policies to avoid the spread of coronavirus, and protect the lives of their own citizens as death tolls rose. Across Europe, some form of late cooperation came when EU countries decided to play collectively when they bought vaccines together. In March 2020, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland entered lockdowns, mirroring actions in other countries. Though the border had become a contentious issue since Brexit, it remained open during this period. Following two decades of violence, the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) in 1998 had opened a new era of peace, and placed cooperation at the core of North-South relationships. Twenty-five years after the Agreement was signed, this article questions the extent of cross-border cooperation in health and work between both parts of Ireland at the time of COVID. Even though the GFA has led to some fruitful collaboration since the early 2000s (e.g. cross border radiotherapy and emergency services), the findings point to a lack of cooperation in health during the pandemic. It also highlights the situation of cross-border workers and the need for further discussions on their future status in a post-Covid labour market marked by the rise of tele-working practices.Haut de pageENTRÉES D’INDEX https://journals-openedition-org.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/rfcb/11048 International audience

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    Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Eboué, Chicot; Villieu, Patrick;

    L’introduction générale au numéro spécial de la RFE, revient sur les grands enjeux liés à la soutenabilité de la dette publique d’une part, et à l’identification d’une combinaison optimale entre politique budgétaire et politique monétaire, d’autre part. À cette occasion, les conditions nécessaires à la soutenabilité de la dette publique sont évoquées, aussi bien pour les pays riches que pour les pays pauvres d’Afrique. La « borne inférieure de taux d’intérêt », qui a prévalu de 2009 à 2020, ayant conduit à la dominance budgétaire, est à l’origine de l’assignation de la politique monétaire à l’objectif intermédiaire de l’endettement public. Il en est résulté une tolérance inflationniste plus grande à partir de 2021, suite aux crises imprévisibles de la Covid-19 et la guerre russoukrainienne. Il en découle la nécessité de redéployer les dispositifs des politiques budgétaire et monétaire, afin d’éviter d’étouffer la croissance, tout en combattant l’inflation. Cette introduction examine les différentes options possibles, dont les réformes des règles budgétaires, le verdissement de la politique monétaire et la coordination budgétaire verticale. Successivement, la contribution des auteurs à ce numéro spécial est évaluée. International audience

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    Revue française d économie
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Revue française d économie
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    Authors: Ambec, Stefan; Crampes, Claude; Tirole, Jean;

    Fighting against global warming requires electrifying energy uses and giving up on carbon-based power. Consequently, the organization of electricity production and transmission must not only promote short-term efficiency in dispatch, but also send out reliable signals to guide investment by producers and consumers; and this under normal macroeconomic conditions as well as in the face of unforeseen events, such as Covid 19 and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. To meet these challenges, the European authorities and the EU member states are negotiating the introduction of long-term physical and financial contracts that will complement wholesale electricity markets. This note compares the costs and benefits of these contracts and emphasizes the assignment of risks among stakeholders.

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    Authors: Nourddine Azzaoui; Tomoko Matsui; Daisuke Murakami;

    We have devised a data-driven framework for uncovering hidden control strategies used by an evolutionary system described by an evolutionary probability distribution. This innovative framework enables deciphering of the concealed mechanisms that contribute to the progression or mitigation of such situations as the spread of COVID-19. Novel algorithms are used to estimate the optimal control in tandem with the parameters for evolution in general dynamical systems, thereby extending the concept of model predictive control. This is a significant departure from conventional control methods, which require knowledge of the system to manipulate its evolution and of the controller's strategy or parameters. We used a generalized additive model, supplemented by extensive statistical testing, to identify a set of predictor covariates closely linked to the control. Using real-world COVID-19 data, we successfully delineated the descriptive behaviors of the COVID-19 epidemics in five prefectures in Japan and nine countries. We compared these nine countries and grouped them on the basis of shared profiles, providing valuable insights into their pandemic responses. Our findings underscore the potential of our framework as a powerful tool for understanding and managing complex evolutionary processes. International audience

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    Mathematical and Computational Applications
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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      Mathematical and Computational Applications
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Dounot, Cyrille;

    La situation sanitaire liée à l'épidémie de covid-19 a conduit les gouvernants à employer des techniques de surveillance et de gestion des populations inédites et fortement restrictives des libertés publiques. Le droit a été mis au service de ce contrôle social en instaurant et justifiant ces usages. Dorénavant, l’exécutif dispose de puissants moyens de contrôle des comportements et des déplacements, et même de l’information. Juridiquement, les mesures d’exceptions validées au nom de la lutte contre une épidémie ont posé les fondements, en même temps, d’une dictature sanitaire et d’une société disciplinaire, c'est-à-dire d'une exorbitance des pouvoirs attribués à l’exécutif lors d’une période de crise (qui se manifeste tant par un régime d’exception que par son anormalité d’exercice), soutenue par un contrôle uniforme et centralisé, révélateur d’un traitement bureaucratique de la crise sanitaire (qui passe par une surveillance généralisée et manifeste une tentation totalitaire).

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    Authors: Hofman, P; Calabrese, F; Kern, I; Adam, J; +92 Authors

    Background: Testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is an essential recommendation in guidelines for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, and is considered mandatory in European countries. However, in practice, challenges are often faced when carrying out routine biomarker testing, including access to testing, inadequate tissue samples and long turnaround times (TATs).Materials and methods: To evaluate the real-world EGFR testing practices of European pathology laboratories, an online survey was set up and validated by the Pulmonary Pathology Working Group of the European Society of Pathology and distributed to 64 expert testing laboratories. The retrospective survey focussed on laboratory organisation and daily EGFR testing practice of pathologists and molecular biologists between 2018 and 2021.Results: TATs varied greatly both between and within countries. These discrepancies may be partly due to reflex testing practices, as 20.8% of laboratories carried out EGFR testing only at the request of the clinician. Many laboratories across Europe still favour single-test sequencing as a primary method of EGFR mutation identification; 32.7% indicated that they only used targeted techniques and 45.1% used single-gene testing followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), depending on the case. Reported testing rates were consistent over time with no significant decrease in the number of EGFR tests carried out in 2020, despite the increased pressure faced by testing facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. ISO 15189 accreditation was reported by 42.0% of molecular biology laboratories for single-test sequencing, and by 42.3% for NGS. 92.5% of laboratories indicated they regularly participate in an external quality assessment scheme.Conclusions: These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of EGFR testing that still occurs within thoracic pathology and molecular biology laboratories across Europe. Even among expert testing facilities there is variability in testing capabilities, TAT, reflex testing practice and laboratory accreditation, stressing the need to harmonise reimbursement technologies and decision-making algorithms in Europe.

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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2023
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    ESMO Open
    Article . 2023
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