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  • COVID-19
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lövenmark, Annica; Marmstål Hammar, Lena;

    Abstract Bakground Worldwide, older people were more severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic than others. In Sweden, those living in residential care facilities had the highest mortality rate, followed by those receiving home care services. The Swedish and international literature on the working environment for assistant nurses and care aides during the pandemic shows an increase in stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress syndromes. Care organisations were badly prepared to prevent the virus from spreading and to protect the staff from stress. In order to be better prepared for possible future pandemics, the health and well-being of the staff, the care of older people and the experiences of the staff both during and after a pandemic are important aspects to take into account. Therefore, this study aims to describe the experiences of assistant nurses and care aides working in the care of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, their working conditions and the impact all this had on their lives. Methodology The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. The data was collected in four focus group interviews with 21 participants and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The results revealed the theme, Being used for the greater good while fighting on the frontline, which was then divided into three categories: portrayed as a risk for older people, not being valued and being burnt out. The worsening working conditions that the pandemic contributed to resulted in a high degree of stress and risk of burnout, with staff members both wanting to and actually leaving their employment. After the pandemic they felt forgotten again and left to cope in an even worse situation than before. Conclusions The pandemic had a major effect on assistant nurses and care aides in terms of their working environment and their private lives. To be better prepared for future pandemics or disasters, organisations with responsibility for the care of older people will need to ensure that their staff have the necessary competencies and that there is adequate staffing in place. This also means that adequate government funding and multiple interventions will be needed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ BMC Geriatricsarrow_drop_down
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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ BMC Geriatricsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      BMC Geriatrics
      Article . 2024
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      BMC Geriatrics
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anna Swall; Lena Marmstål Hammar; Anne-Marie Boström;

    Abstract Background During the pandemic in Sweden, the aim was to protect older people, especially those among them who were sick, frail and vulnerable in residential care facilities. A ban was put on visits at all residential care facilities in March 2020 to prevent the spread of infection among the older people. This study aims to describe the experiences of Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses who provided medical and nursing care for older people in residential care facilities and home care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine factors associated with the quality of care. Methods The study has a mixed method cross-sectional design (STROBE). Data were collected using a web-based survey that comprised two questionnaires, for Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses developed for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, as well as qualitative content analyses. Results The majority of Community Chief Nurses reported adequate opportunities to work with management to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. The Registered Nurses reported that the quality of care, as well as the person’s safety, was negatively affected during the pandemic. Factors associated with good care were as follows: information-sharing; ability to comply with hygiene practices; competence in how to care for older persons with COVID-19; a physician at bedside assessing their health; and support from frontline managers. Conclusion The study highlights crucial facets that care organizations must address to enhance their readiness for future pandemics or disasters, ensuring the security and well-being of the older people.

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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      BMC Geriatrics
      Article . 2024
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      BMC Geriatrics
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Yves Rybarczyk; Rasa Zalakeviciute; Esteban Ortiz-Prado;

    Environmental factors have been suspected to influence the propagation and lethality of COVID-19 in the global population. However, most of the studies have been limited to correlation analyses and did not use specific methods to address the dynamic of the causal relationship between the virus and its external drivers. This work focuses on inferring and understanding the causal effect of critical air pollutants and meteorological parameters on COVID-19 by using an Empirical Dynamic Modeling approach called Convergent Cross Mapping. This technique allowed us to identify the time-delayed causation and the sign of interactions. Considering its remarkable urban environment and mortality rate during the pandemic, Quito, Ecuador, was chosen as a case study. Our results show that both urban air pollution and meteorology have a causal impact on COVID-19. Even if the strength and the sign of the causality vary over time, a general trend can be drawn. NO2, SO2, CO and PM2.5 have a positive causation for COVID-19 infections (ρ > 0.35 and ∂ > 9.1). Contrary to current knowledge, this study shows a rapid effect of pollution on COVID-19 cases (1 < lag days <24) and a negative impact of O3 on COVID-19-related deaths (ρ = 0.53 and ∂ = -0.3). Regarding the meteorology, temperature (ρ = 0.24 and ∂ = -0.4) and wind speed (ρ = 0.34 and ∂ = -3.9) tend to mitigate the epidemiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, whereas relative humidity seems to increase the excess deaths (ρ = 0.4 and ∂ = 0.05). A causal network is proposed to synthesize the interactions between the studied variables and to provide a simple model to support the management of coronavirus outbreaks.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Heliyonarrow_drop_down
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2024
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Heliyon
      Article . 2024
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      Heliyon
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Vera van Zoest; Karl Lindberg; Georgios Varotsis; Frank Badu Osei; +1 Authors

    In this study, we developed a negative binomial regression model for one-week ahead spatio-temporal predictions of the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Uppsala County, Sweden. Our model utilized weekly aggregated data on testing, vaccination, and calls to the national healthcare hotline. Variable importance analysis revealed that calls to the national healthcare hotline were the most important contributor to prediction performance when predicting COVID-19 hospitalizations. Our results support the importance of early testing, systematic registration of test results, and the value of healthcare hotline data in predicting hospitalizations. The proposed models may be applied to studies modeling hospitalizations of other viral respiratory infections in space and time assuming count data are overdispersed. Our suggested variable importance analysis enables the calculation of the effects on the predictive performance of each covariate. This can inform decisions about which types of data should be prioritized, thereby facilitating the allocation of healthcare resources.

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    Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Erik Järnland; Fredrik Garcia; Elin Wihlborg;

    Den globala Corona-pandemin vände upp och ner på mycket i världen och vi lärde oss att leva tillsammans på nya sätt. Hanteringen av covid-19 viruset och den påföljande pandemin var en gemensam global angelägenhet. Men alla de åtgärder som gjorts i vardagen för att bromsa spridningen och minska konsekvenserna var en lokal och regional angelägenhet. I Sverige och Norden har de lokala och regionala demokratiska sammanslutningarna stort självbestämmande och självstyre. I en kris krävs det att de självstyrande enheterna koordineras och samverkar på bra sätt. Därför är det angeläget att analysera hur sådan koordinering och samverkan gått till för att lära oss till kommande kriser. I den här rapporten beskrivs hur samordningen av kommuners pandemihantering skett genom att studera de lagstadgade styrmedlen – lägesbilder. Lägesbilder är ett sätt att beskriva vad som sker kontinuerligt och genom att dela och jämföra dessa är avsikten att skapa möjligheter till bättre styrning och samordning av krishanteringen. Rapporten är huvudsakligen empirisk och materialet samlades främst in under hösten 2022. Förste författaren Erik Järnland var under den perioden praktikant i forskargruppen och har sedan följt upp och skrivit samman rapporten under hösten 2023 då han arbetade som forskningsassistent. Dessa beskrivningar, som tyvärr tyder på att krishanteringen inte blev så samordnad och att lägesbilderna inte hade den avsedda effekten, kommer fortsatt att analyseras i vetenskapliga artiklar. Vi vill här rikta ett stort tack till alla dem som bidragit till att ta fram material och delta i intervjuer kring lägesbilderna. Främst vill vi tack de noggranna och hjälpsamma personer som håller i kommunala och regionala diarium och arkiv. Därtill uppskattar vi att de som arbetar strategiskt med krishantering har ställt upp för intervjuer och uppföljande samtal. Vi hoppas att våra sammanställningar här kan komma till nytta för er och era kollegor. Den här rapporten utgör en del av det mångvetenskapliga forskningsprojektet POLYGOV, https://www.polygov.org/. POLYGOV finansieras av Norges Forskningsråd och leds av Are Vegard Haug vid Oslo Met universitet. Projektet syftar till att kartlägga och jämföra krishantering och lokal demokrati i de nordiska länderna under Coronapandemin. I projektet medverkar forskare från nio universitet i Norge, Danmark (inkl Grönland), Sverige, Finland, Island och Färöarna. Forskargruppen vid Avdelningen för statsvetenskap på Linköpings universitet har ansvarat för de svenska delstudierna inom projektet och denna rapport är en del av det. Linköping i december 2023, Elin Wihlborg Professor och forskningsledare

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    Authors: Marco Chiodaroli; Lisa Freyhult; Andreas Solders; Diego Tarrío; +1 Authors

    AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning became the predominant teaching method at most universities, exposing students and teachers alike to novel and unexpected challenges and learning opportunities. Our study is situated in the context of higher physics education at a large Swedish university and adopts a mixed-methods approach to explore how students perceive shifts to distance learning. Quantitative student survey responses comparing distance learning during the pandemic with previous in-person learning are analyzed with k-means cluster analysis and with a random-intercept multilevel linear model. Combined analyses produce a consistent picture of students who report having experienced the greatest challenges. They are on average younger, report being less autonomous in their learning, and find it harder than peers to ask questions to the instructor. They are also less likely to have access to a place where they can study without interruptions. Variation across courses is small with students being largely subjected to the same set of challenges. Qualitative data from semi-structured focus group interviews and open-ended questions supports these findings, provides a deeper understanding of the struggles, and reveals possibilities for future interventions. Students report an overall collapse of structure in their learning that takes place along multiple dimensions. Our findings highlight a fundamental role played by informal peer-to-peer and student-instructor interactions, and by the exchange of what we refer to as “structural information.” We discuss implications for teachers and institutions regarding the possibility of providing support structures, such as study spaces, as well as fostering student autonomy.

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    Higher Education
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Higher Education
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Ali Abdelzadeh; Thomas Sedelius;

    AbstractThis study examines the relationship between citizens' satisfaction with government COVID‐19 communication and management (SWCCM) and institutional trust. By employing a longitudinal approach, using three‐wave panel data from Sweden from 2020 to 2022, the study addresses the current lack of research on the interplay between SWCCM and institutional trust across different stages of a societal crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results show that SWCCM increased slightly over the pandemic period, while trust in institutions slightly decreased. The study also finds that changes in SWCCM predict changes in trust in institutions, suggesting that increased satisfaction with communication and management is associated with increased trust in institutions. Additionally, we find that higher initial levels of SWCCM contribute to a faster decline in trust over time. However, no evidence supports the idea that initial trust in institutions predicts changes in SWCCM. This suggests a unidirectional relationship where SWCCM is a key driver of institutional trust during a crisis. Overall, the study uncovers intriguing dynamics in the relationship between SWCCM and trust over time, and it emphasizes the significance of effective and consistent communication and management in maintaining and boosting public trust during crisis.

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    Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zakirova-Engstrand, Rano; Wilder, Jenny;

    IntroductionCompared to other countries, Sweden did not introduce sudden lockdowns and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the country chose a less restrictive approach to managing the pandemic, such as staying at home with any symptoms of cold or COVID-19, washing hands, and maintaining social distancing. Preschools and compulsory schools remained open. In this context, limited evidence exists about how Swedish families of students with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) experienced collaboration with school professionals to support their children during the COVID-19, and how the pandemic affected parents’ perceptions of quality of their family life. The present study investigated parental perceptions of satisfaction with family-school collaboration and with family quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsTwenty-six parents of students with SEND who attended general lower secondary schools (grades 7-9) completed a survey using three measures: the demographic questionnaire, the Beach Center Family Quality of Life scale (FQOL), and the Family-School Collaboration scale – the adapted version of the original Beach Center Family-Professional Partnership Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations were used to analyse data.ResultsParents felt less satisfied with family-school collaboration related to child-oriented aspects; they were least satisfied with their emotional well-being aspect of family quality of life. Strong, significant and positive associations were found between family-school collaboration and disability-related support aspect of FQOL.DiscussionThe findings point to the importance of family-school partnerships in promoting students’ positive school achievements, and in enhancing FQOL. The findings have practical implications for professional development of pre- and in-service teachers within the existing curricula of teacher preparation programs. Implications for further research are discussed given the study’s small sample size and challenges in recruitment of participants.

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    Frontiers in Education
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Frontiers in Education
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Frontiers in Education
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Frontiers in Education
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rakel Eklund; Lisa Hjelmfors; Sophia Nyquist; Josefin Sveen; +7 Authors

    Purpose: To examine patients' experiences of receiving care on an ICU for COVID-19 and the subsequent rehabilitation process. Methods: An explorative and inductive design was used. Participants were recruited from two university hospitals in Sweden. Patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2021, who enrolled in the ICU follow-up, and understood and spoke Swedish were invited to participate. In total, 20 participants completed a semi-structured interview, of whom 18 were included in the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two themes: "An isolated world with silver linings" and "Recovery in the wake of the pandemic". Findings show that patients cared for on an ICU for COVID-19 during the pandemic felt safe but experienced a sense of vulnerability. After discharge, physical rehabilitation was a slow process with frustrating day-to-day fluctuations. Mentally, participants felt isolated, fatigued, and emotionally sensitive. Patients reported that love and support from family and friends were crucial for the recovery process. Conclusions: This study highlights the challenges of recovering from COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of continued support from health care, public services, family and friends. It provides important insights into patients' experiences and can inform future healthcare strategies and policies.

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    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health &amp; Well-Being
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health &amp; Well-Being
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Septi Kurnia Lestari; Malin Eriksson; Xavier de Luna; Gunnar Malmberg; +1 Authors

    Background: The COVID-19 control policies might negatively impact older adults’ participation in volunteer work, instrumental support provision, and the likelihood of receiving instrumental support. Studies that quantify changes in these activities and the related factors are limited. The current study aimed to examine the level of volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt before and during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and to determine whether older adults’ volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt were associated with individual exposure to COVID-19 and the stringency of country’s COVID-19 control policy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Corona Survey 1 was designed to focus on community-dwelling Europeans aged ≥50 years. History of participation in volunteering work and instrumental support provision or receipt was assessed from the previous SHARE Wave data. The country’s COVID-19 control policy stringency index (S-Index) was from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. A total of 45,669 respondents from 26 European countries were included in the volunteering analysis. Seventeen European countries were included in the analyses of instrumental support provision (N = 36,518) and receipt (N = 36,526). The multilevel logistic regression model was fitted separately to analyse each activity. Results: The level of volunteering and instrumental support provision was lower during the pandemic, but instrumental support receipt was higher. The country S-Index was positively associated with support provision (OR:1.13;95%CI:1.02–1.26) and negatively associated with support receipt (OR:0.69;95%CI:0.54–0.88). Exposure to COVID-19 was positively associated with support receipt (OR:1.64;95%CI:1.38–1.95). COVID-19 exposure on close ones positively associated with volunteering (OR:1.47;95%CI:1.32–1.65), support provision (OR:1.28;95%CI:1.19–1.39), and support receipt (OR:1.25;95%CI:1.15–1.35). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted older Europeans’ volunteering, instrumental support provision, and instrumental support receipt from outside their household. When someone close to them was exposed to COVID-19, older Europeans were likely to receive instrumental support and to volunteer and provide instrumental support. A stricter country’s COVID-19 control policy might motivate older adults to provide instrumental support, but it prevents them from receiving instrumental support from outside their households.  Originally included in thesis in manuscript form.

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    BMC Public Health
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    BMC Public Health
    Article . 2024
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      BMC Public Health
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lövenmark, Annica; Marmstål Hammar, Lena;

    Abstract Bakground Worldwide, older people were more severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic than others. In Sweden, those living in residential care facilities had the highest mortality rate, followed by those receiving home care services. The Swedish and international literature on the working environment for assistant nurses and care aides during the pandemic shows an increase in stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress syndromes. Care organisations were badly prepared to prevent the virus from spreading and to protect the staff from stress. In order to be better prepared for possible future pandemics, the health and well-being of the staff, the care of older people and the experiences of the staff both during and after a pandemic are important aspects to take into account. Therefore, this study aims to describe the experiences of assistant nurses and care aides working in the care of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, their working conditions and the impact all this had on their lives. Methodology The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. The data was collected in four focus group interviews with 21 participants and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The results revealed the theme, Being used for the greater good while fighting on the frontline, which was then divided into three categories: portrayed as a risk for older people, not being valued and being burnt out. The worsening working conditions that the pandemic contributed to resulted in a high degree of stress and risk of burnout, with staff members both wanting to and actually leaving their employment. After the pandemic they felt forgotten again and left to cope in an even worse situation than before. Conclusions The pandemic had a major effect on assistant nurses and care aides in terms of their working environment and their private lives. To be better prepared for future pandemics or disasters, organisations with responsibility for the care of older people will need to ensure that their staff have the necessary competencies and that there is adequate staffing in place. This also means that adequate government funding and multiple interventions will be needed.

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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024
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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      BMC Geriatrics
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      BMC Geriatrics
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Anna Swall; Lena Marmstål Hammar; Anne-Marie Boström;

    Abstract Background During the pandemic in Sweden, the aim was to protect older people, especially those among them who were sick, frail and vulnerable in residential care facilities. A ban was put on visits at all residential care facilities in March 2020 to prevent the spread of infection among the older people. This study aims to describe the experiences of Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses who provided medical and nursing care for older people in residential care facilities and home care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine factors associated with the quality of care. Methods The study has a mixed method cross-sectional design (STROBE). Data were collected using a web-based survey that comprised two questionnaires, for Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses developed for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, as well as qualitative content analyses. Results The majority of Community Chief Nurses reported adequate opportunities to work with management to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. The Registered Nurses reported that the quality of care, as well as the person’s safety, was negatively affected during the pandemic. Factors associated with good care were as follows: information-sharing; ability to comply with hygiene practices; competence in how to care for older persons with COVID-19; a physician at bedside assessing their health; and support from frontline managers. Conclusion The study highlights crucial facets that care organizations must address to enhance their readiness for future pandemics or disasters, ensuring the security and well-being of the older people.

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    BMC Geriatrics
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    BMC Geriatrics
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      BMC Geriatrics
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    Authors: Yves Rybarczyk; Rasa Zalakeviciute; Esteban Ortiz-Prado;

    Environmental factors have been suspected to influence the propagation and lethality of COVID-19 in the global population. However, most of the studies have been limited to correlation analyses and did not use specific methods to address the dynamic of the causal relationship between the virus and its external drivers. This work focuses on inferring and understanding the causal effect of critical air pollutants and meteorological parameters on COVID-19 by using an Empirical Dynamic Modeling approach called Convergent Cross Mapping. This technique allowed us to identify the time-delayed causation and the sign of interactions. Considering its remarkable urban environment and mortality rate during the pandemic, Quito, Ecuador, was chosen as a case study. Our results show that both urban air pollution and meteorology have a causal impact on COVID-19. Even if the strength and the sign of the causality vary over time, a general trend can be drawn. NO2, SO2, CO and PM2.5 have a positive causation for COVID-19 infections (ρ > 0.35 and ∂ > 9.1). Contrary to current knowledge, this study shows a rapid effect of pollution on COVID-19 cases (1 < lag days <24) and a negative impact of O3 on COVID-19-related deaths (ρ = 0.53 and ∂ = -0.3). Regarding the meteorology, temperature (ρ = 0.24 and ∂ = -0.4) and wind speed (ρ = 0.34 and ∂ = -3.9) tend to mitigate the epidemiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, whereas relative humidity seems to increase the excess deaths (ρ = 0.4 and ∂ = 0.05). A causal network is proposed to synthesize the interactions between the studied variables and to provide a simple model to support the management of coronavirus outbreaks.

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    Heliyon
    Article . 2024
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Heliyon
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    Authors: Vera van Zoest; Karl Lindberg; Georgios Varotsis; Frank Badu Osei; +1 Authors

    In this study, we developed a negative binomial regression model for one-week ahead spatio-temporal predictions of the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Uppsala County, Sweden. Our model utilized weekly aggregated data on testing, vaccination, and calls to the national healthcare hotline. Variable importance analysis revealed that calls to the national healthcare hotline were the most important contributor to prediction performance when predicting COVID-19 hospitalizations. Our results support the importance of early testing, systematic registration of test results, and the value of healthcare hotline data in predicting hospitalizations. The proposed models may be applied to studies modeling hospitalizations of other viral respiratory infections in space and time assuming count data are overdispersed. Our suggested variable importance analysis enables the calculation of the effects on the predictive performance of each covariate. This can inform decisions about which types of data should be prioritized, thereby facilitating the allocation of healthcare resources.

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    Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
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    Authors: Erik Järnland; Fredrik Garcia; Elin Wihlborg;

    Den globala Corona-pandemin vände upp och ner på mycket i världen och vi lärde oss att leva tillsammans på nya sätt. Hanteringen av covid-19 viruset och den påföljande pandemin var en gemensam global angelägenhet. Men alla de åtgärder som gjorts i vardagen för att bromsa spridningen och minska konsekvenserna var en lokal och regional angelägenhet. I Sverige och Norden har de lokala och regionala demokratiska sammanslutningarna stort självbestämmande och självstyre. I en kris krävs det att de självstyrande enheterna koordineras och samverkar på bra sätt. Därför är det angeläget att analysera hur sådan koordinering och samverkan gått till för att lära oss till kommande kriser. I den här rapporten beskrivs hur samordningen av kommuners pandemihantering skett genom att studera de lagstadgade styrmedlen – lägesbilder. Lägesbilder är ett sätt att beskriva vad som sker kontinuerligt och genom att dela och jämföra dessa är avsikten att skapa möjligheter till bättre styrning och samordning av krishanteringen. Rapporten är huvudsakligen empirisk och materialet samlades främst in under hösten 2022. Förste författaren Erik Järnland var under den perioden praktikant i forskargruppen och har sedan följt upp och skrivit samman rapporten under hösten 2023 då han arbetade som forskningsassistent. Dessa beskrivningar, som tyvärr tyder på att krishanteringen inte blev så samordnad och att lägesbilderna inte hade den avsedda effekten, kommer fortsatt att analyseras i vetenskapliga artiklar. Vi vill här rikta ett stort tack till alla dem som bidragit till att ta fram material och delta i intervjuer kring lägesbilderna. Främst vill vi tack de noggranna och hjälpsamma personer som håller i kommunala och regionala diarium och arkiv. Därtill uppskattar vi att de som arbetar strategiskt med krishantering har ställt upp för intervjuer och uppföljande samtal. Vi hoppas att våra sammanställningar här kan komma till nytta för er och era kollegor. Den här rapporten utgör en del av det mångvetenskapliga forskningsprojektet POLYGOV, https://www.polygov.org/. POLYGOV finansieras av Norges Forskningsråd och leds av Are Vegard Haug vid Oslo Met universitet. Projektet syftar till att kartlägga och jämföra krishantering och lokal demokrati i de nordiska länderna under Coronapandemin. I projektet medverkar forskare från nio universitet i Norge, Danmark (inkl Grönland), Sverige, Finland, Island och Färöarna. Forskargruppen vid Avdelningen för statsvetenskap på Linköpings universitet har ansvarat för de svenska delstudierna inom projektet och denna rapport är en del av det. Linköping i december 2023, Elin Wihlborg Professor och forskningsledare

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    Authors: Marco Chiodaroli; Lisa Freyhult; Andreas Solders; Diego Tarrío; +1 Authors

    AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning became the predominant teaching method at most universities, exposing students and teachers alike to novel and unexpected challenges and learning opportunities. Our study is situated in the context of higher physics education at a large Swedish university and adopts a mixed-methods approach to explore how students perceive shifts to distance learning. Quantitative student survey responses comparing distance learning during the pandemic with previous in-person learning are analyzed with k-means cluster analysis and with a random-intercept multilevel linear model. Combined analyses produce a consistent picture of students who report having experienced the greatest challenges. They are on average younger, report being less autonomous in their learning, and find it harder than peers to ask questions to the instructor. They are also less likely to have access to a place where they can study without interruptions. Variation across courses is small with students being largely subjected to the same set of challenges. Qualitative data from semi-structured focus group interviews and open-ended questions supports these findings, provides a deeper understanding of the struggles, and reveals possibilities for future interventions. Students report an overall collapse of structure in their learning that takes place along multiple dimensions. Our findings highlight a fundamental role played by informal peer-to-peer and student-instructor interactions, and by the exchange of what we refer to as “structural information.” We discuss implications for teachers and institutions regarding the possibility of providing support structures, such as study spaces, as well as fostering student autonomy.

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    Higher Education
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Higher Education
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Ali Abdelzadeh; Thomas Sedelius;

    AbstractThis study examines the relationship between citizens' satisfaction with government COVID‐19 communication and management (SWCCM) and institutional trust. By employing a longitudinal approach, using three‐wave panel data from Sweden from 2020 to 2022, the study addresses the current lack of research on the interplay between SWCCM and institutional trust across different stages of a societal crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results show that SWCCM increased slightly over the pandemic period, while trust in institutions slightly decreased. The study also finds that changes in SWCCM predict changes in trust in institutions, suggesting that increased satisfaction with communication and management is associated with increased trust in institutions. Additionally, we find that higher initial levels of SWCCM contribute to a faster decline in trust over time. However, no evidence supports the idea that initial trust in institutions predicts changes in SWCCM. This suggests a unidirectional relationship where SWCCM is a key driver of institutional trust during a crisis. Overall, the study uncovers intriguing dynamics in the relationship between SWCCM and trust over time, and it emphasizes the significance of effective and consistent communication and management in maintaining and boosting public trust during crisis.

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    Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Zakirova-Engstrand, Rano; Wilder, Jenny;

    IntroductionCompared to other countries, Sweden did not introduce sudden lockdowns and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the country chose a less restrictive approach to managing the pandemic, such as staying at home with any symptoms of cold or COVID-19, washing hands, and maintaining social distancing. Preschools and compulsory schools remained open. In this context, limited evidence exists about how Swedish families of students with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) experienced collaboration with school professionals to support their children during the COVID-19, and how the pandemic affected parents’ perceptions of quality of their family life. The present study investigated parental perceptions of satisfaction with family-school collaboration and with family quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsTwenty-six parents of students with SEND who attended general lower secondary schools (grades 7-9) completed a survey using three measures: the demographic questionnaire, the Beach Center Family Quality of Life scale (FQOL), and the Family-School Collaboration scale – the adapted version of the original Beach Center Family-Professional Partnership Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations were used to analyse data.ResultsParents felt less satisfied with family-school collaboration related to child-oriented aspects; they were least satisfied with their emotional well-being aspect of family quality of life. Strong, significant and positive associations were found between family-school collaboration and disability-related support aspect of FQOL.DiscussionThe findings point to the importance of family-school partnerships in promoting students’ positive school achievements, and in enhancing FQOL. The findings have practical implications for professional development of pre- and in-service teachers within the existing curricula of teacher preparation programs. Implications for further research are discussed given the study’s small sample size and challenges in recruitment of participants.

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    Frontiers in Education
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Frontiers in Education
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Frontiers in Education
      Article . 2024
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      Frontiers in Education
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rakel Eklund; Lisa Hjelmfors; Sophia Nyquist; Josefin Sveen; +7 Authors

    Purpose: To examine patients' experiences of receiving care on an ICU for COVID-19 and the subsequent rehabilitation process. Methods: An explorative and inductive design was used. Participants were recruited from two university hospitals in Sweden. Patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2021, who enrolled in the ICU follow-up, and understood and spoke Swedish were invited to participate. In total, 20 participants completed a semi-structured interview, of whom 18 were included in the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two themes: "An isolated world with silver linings" and "Recovery in the wake of the pandemic". Findings show that patients cared for on an ICU for COVID-19 during the pandemic felt safe but experienced a sense of vulnerability. After discharge, physical rehabilitation was a slow process with frustrating day-to-day fluctuations. Mentally, participants felt isolated, fatigued, and emotionally sensitive. Patients reported that love and support from family and friends were crucial for the recovery process. Conclusions: This study highlights the challenges of recovering from COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of continued support from health care, public services, family and friends. It provides important insights into patients' experiences and can inform future healthcare strategies and policies.

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    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health &amp; Well-Being
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health &amp; Well-Being
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Septi Kurnia Lestari; Malin Eriksson; Xavier de Luna; Gunnar Malmberg; +1 Authors

    Background: The COVID-19 control policies might negatively impact older adults’ participation in volunteer work, instrumental support provision, and the likelihood of receiving instrumental support. Studies that quantify changes in these activities and the related factors are limited. The current study aimed to examine the level of volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt before and during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and to determine whether older adults’ volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt were associated with individual exposure to COVID-19 and the stringency of country’s COVID-19 control policy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Corona Survey 1 was designed to focus on community-dwelling Europeans aged ≥50 years. History of participation in volunteering work and instrumental support provision or receipt was assessed from the previous SHARE Wave data. The country’s COVID-19 control policy stringency index (S-Index) was from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. A total of 45,669 respondents from 26 European countries were included in the volunteering analysis. Seventeen European countries were included in the analyses of instrumental support provision (N = 36,518) and receipt (N = 36,526). The multilevel logistic regression model was fitted separately to analyse each activity. Results: The level of volunteering and instrumental support provision was lower during the pandemic, but instrumental support receipt was higher. The country S-Index was positively associated with support provision (OR:1.13;95%CI:1.02–1.26) and negatively associated with support receipt (OR:0.69;95%CI:0.54–0.88). Exposure to COVID-19 was positively associated with support receipt (OR:1.64;95%CI:1.38–1.95). COVID-19 exposure on close ones positively associated with volunteering (OR:1.47;95%CI:1.32–1.65), support provision (OR:1.28;95%CI:1.19–1.39), and support receipt (OR:1.25;95%CI:1.15–1.35). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted older Europeans’ volunteering, instrumental support provision, and instrumental support receipt from outside their household. When someone close to them was exposed to COVID-19, older Europeans were likely to receive instrumental support and to volunteer and provide instrumental support. A stricter country’s COVID-19 control policy might motivate older adults to provide instrumental support, but it prevents them from receiving instrumental support from outside their households.  Originally included in thesis in manuscript form.

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    BMC Public Health
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    BMC Public Health
    Article . 2024
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      BMC Public Health
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2024
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